ALASKA VOLUME VIII H.A.E. VOL VIM FRONTISPIECE \ ALASKA INSECTS LITH .BnrrTDN & HEY: a - SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION HARRIMAN ALASKA SERIES VOLUME VIII INSECTS PART I BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, NATHAN BANKS, A. N. CAUDELL, O. F. COOK, ROLLA P. CURRIE, HARRISON G. DYAR, JUSTUS WATSON FOLSOM, O. HEIDEMANN, TREVOR KINCAID, THEO. PERGANDE, and E. A. SCHWARZ (PUBLICATION 1995) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 1910 ADVERTISEMENT. The publication of the series of volumes on the Harriman Alaska Expedition of 1899, heretofore pri- vately printed, has been transferred to the Smithsonian Institution by Mrs. Edward H. Harriman, and the work will hereafter be known as the Harriman Alaska Series of the Smithsonian Institution. The remainder of the edition of Volumes I to V, and VIII to XIII, as also Volumes VI and VII in preparation, together with any additional volumes that may hereafter appear, will bear special Smithsonian title pages. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, WASHINGTON, D. C., JULY, 1910 HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION WITH COOPERATION OF WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ALASKA VOLUME VIII INSECTS PART I BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, NATHAN BANKS, A. N. CAUDELL, O. F. COOK, ROLLA P. CURRIE, HARRISON G. DYAR, JUSTUS WATSON FOLSOM, O. HEIDEMANN, TREVOR KINCAID, THEO. PERGANDE AND E. A. SCHWARZ NEW YORK DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1904 COPYRIGHT, 1904, EDWARD H. HARRIMAN. PREFACE THE entomologist of the Harriman Alaska Expedition was Trevor Kincaid, Professor of Biology in the University of the State of Washington, at Seattle. His zeal and activity may be inferred from the fact that in two months he obtained about 8,000 insects, representing a thousand species. On the return of the Expedition this material was distributed to a dozen spec- ialists, who have worked up the various groups. The resulting papers, 18 in number, are here brought together in two volumes. The collections contained at least half a dozen new genera, 344 new species, and a still larger number previously unknown from Alaska. In most instances the special papers deal only with the ma- terial brought back by the Expedition, but in a few cases, as in the Hymenoptera, the previously known records from Alaska are added, so that the paper presents a summary of existing knowledge of the group. In one little known group (the Myria- poda) the available data for northwestern North America are assembled. The resulting paper, it is believed, will be of great value to future workers in this neglected field. In a few instances authors have treated the types of their new species in a very loose manner, in some cases recording speci- mens from numerous localities, stretching along the coast for more than a thousand miles, as "type specimens" of a single species ! The Editor wishes to disclaim responsibility for the nebulous and undifferentiated conception of a type implied in statements of this kind. A number of the papers have been published in the Proceed- ings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, and are here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that they may be quoted as the original. Facing each of these papers in an ex- (v) VI PREFACE planatory page giving a detailed account of the changes made in the present volume. The Introduction, by Professor Kin- caid, and the papers on Myriapoda and Homoptera, are now published for the first time. C. HART MERRIAM, Editor. WASHINGTON, D. C., May i- 1903. CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix INTRODUCTION. By Trevor Kincaid i ARACHNIDA. By Nathan Banks 35 MYRIAPODA. ByO. F. Cook 47 APTERYGOTA. By Justus Watson Folsom 83 ORTHOPTERA. By A. N. Caudell 115 APHIDID^E. By Theo. Pergande 119 HOMOPTERA. By William H. Ashmead., 127 HETEROPTERA. By O. Heidemann 139 ODONATA. By Rolla P. Currie 145 NEUROPTEROID INSECTS. By Nathan Banks 155 COLEOPTERA. By E. A. Schwarz 169 METAMORPHOSES OF ALASKA COLEOPTERA. By Trevor Kin- caid 187 LEPIDOPTERA. By Harrison G. Dyar 211 INDEX 229 (vii) ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES PLATK PAGB I. Insects of Alaska Frontispiece FIG. I. Platarctia subnebulosa Dyar. 2. Bomb us mixtuosus Ashm. 3. Volucella facialis Will. 4. Sirex flavtcornis Fab. 5. Cychrus angusticollis Fisch. 6. Carabus truncaticollis Fisch. 7. Tenthrcdo dissimilis Kincaid. 8. Leucorhinia hudsonica (Selys.'). 9. Tipula scptentrionalis Loew, short-winged form. 10. Tipula septentrionalis Loew, long -winged form. II. Arachnida 46 III-V. Myriapoda 78-82 VI-X. Apterygota 106-1 1 4 XI, XII. Neuropteroid Insects 166-168 XIII XVII. Larvae of Coleoptera 202-210 TEXT FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1. Metlakatla 6 2. Indian village, Fox Point, Southeastern Alaska 8 3. Islands near Sitka 13 4. Forest near Sitka 14 5 . Yakutat 17 6-9. Genitalia of Homoptera I 35~ I 37 (ix) THE INSECTS OF ALASKA INTRODUCTION BY TREVOR KINCAID THE voyage of the Harriman Alaska Expedition gave an opportunity for an entomological reconnaissance of the coastal regions of Alaska. As no such opportunity had previously oc- curred, and as the writer was the only member of the party especially interested in this branch of science, the duty devolved upon him of securing as large a representation as possible of the insect fauna. Fortunately the conditions were more favor- able than is usually the case in explorations of these northern latitudes. Every convenience that experience could suggest had been provided through the forethought of those in charge of the Expedition, and the work was further facilitated by the careful organization of the party. Moreover, the labors of the collector were only slightly interfered with by unpropitious weather, which is the more remarkable in a region noted for its excessive humidity and long-continued rains. (O 2 ALASKA INSECTS Recognizing the fact that almost nothing was known con- cerning the insect fauna of Alaska outside of the orders Cole- optera and Lepidoptera, a special effort was made to secure representatives of those groups which, from the small size or obscure habits of their members, had not hitherto been collected in the Territory. This endeavor was so successful that the result- ing collection contains by far the most extensive general series of insects ever brought from the region. It will enable ento- mologists to form an idea of the rich field that awaits them in this vast northern possession of the United States. The collection embraced in all more than 5 ,500 pinned insects, together with a considerable series of Arachnida, Myriapoda, and larval forms preserved in alcohol, making a total of about 8,000 specimens. With this material was combined, after the re- turn of the Expedition, a small series of Alaska insects collected by the writer while with the Fur Seal Commission in 1897, and a few specimens derived from other sources which happened to be present in the collections of the U. S. National Museum. The collections were made between the first of June and the first of August, 1899. Except a small number of specimens obtained in British Columbia, all of the material was collected in Alaska. Most of the stops were made going northward and westward, a few on the return journey. Collections were made at the following localities, which for convenience are arranged in geographical sequence, with date of visit : Lowe Inlet, June 3 ; Fox Point, July 26-27 ; Metlakatla, June 4 ; Farragut Bay, June 5 ; Taku Inlet, June 56 ; Juneau, June 68 and July 25 ; Muir Inlet, June 8-12 ; Sitka, June 14-17 ; Yakutat Bay, June 18-23 ; Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound, June 25-26 ; Orca, Prince William Sound, June 27 ; Seldovia, Kenai Penin- sula, July 21 ; Kukak Bay, Alaska Peninsula, June 3O-July 5 ; Kadiak, July 20; Popof Island, July 7-18. Upon the return of the Expedition the collections were care- fully labeled and the specimens assorted into groups, after which they were transmitted to Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief of the Division of Entomology of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and Honorary Curator of Insects in the U. S. National Museum, for distribution to specialists for study and report. INTRODUCTION As a result of these investigations there has been published in the Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences a series of sixteen papers based upon the entomological material thus distributed. Two others are here published for the first time. The writer, as entomologist of the Expedition, wishes to thank the various authors for their promptness in reporting upon this material. On bringing together the data derived from these several sources, it was found that the number of species included in the entire collection was approximately 1,000, of which 344 were considered by the specialists to whom they were intrusted to be new to science. Descriptions of these new forms will be found in the following pages. The list also includes over twenty spe- cies hitherto recorded only from Europe, thus adding to the growing list of insects known to exist upon both the American and European continents. The number of previously described species, new species, and total number of species collected, arranged by orders, are here given. Insecta. Described Species. New Species. Total. Apterygota 8 6 14 Neuropteroids 2"C 9 34 O don at a 8 8 Orthoptera I i TT . , f Heteroptera Hemiptera j Homop p tera 18 10 18 24 Coleoptera .. .. I C4 i K^ Diptera 217 63 276 Lepidoptera 66 9 75 Hymenoptera 98 2 37 335 Myriapoda 6 3 9 Arachnida 46 6 52 Total 657 344 I,OOI An effort was made to record, while in the field, such data as seemed worthy of preservation as a preliminary study of the biology of Alaska insects. It was hoped that some observa- tions might be made bearing upon the adaptations of these forms of life to the peculiar climatic conditions of the coastal regions of Alaska. At Sitka, for instance, the annual precipitation attains the enormous total of 105 inches, and at Unalaska, in the Aleutian Islands, it is but little less. Another feature con- 4 ALASKA INSECTS stantly kept in mind was the relation between the insect fauna and the northern flora. Through the courtesy of the botanists of the Expedition, the writer has been furnished with identi- fications of the plants which he collected incidentally in connec- tion with this work. It is needless to say that the great length of the itinerary, together with the shortness of the stops possible at most of the stations, were hardly propitious for thorough observations along these lines. Such work can only be properly carried forward by resident naturalists with time at their disposal to follow the course of the seasons from one year to another. But such general facts as were observed are set down for the benefit of those who shall subsequently visit these regions and investigate more fully the natural history. The conditions are so different in different parts of the Alaska coast that it seems desirable to summarize briefly, from the entomological standpoint, the special features of each stopping place, including the more important discoveries, and such ob- servations upon the biology of the insects as time and circum- stances permitted. LOWE INLET, BRITISH COLUMBIA June j. The first landing made by the Expedition was at this small settlement on the northern shores of British Colum- bia, where several hours were spent in making collections. The clearings about the village were thickly overgrown with a tangle of plants belonging to species common along the coasts of Wash- ington and Vancouver Island, as the salmon-berry (Rubus spec- tabilis), wild currant (ffibcs bracteosuni), and elder-berry (Sam- bucus raccmosus), all of which were in bloom. Several other familiar plants were also in evidence, as the yellow violet ( Viola glabella) and the dwarf cornel (Cornus canadensis]. Insects were by no means abundant, but by dint of consider- able sweeping a number of species were brought to light, prin- cipally Diptera, of which group 23 species were taken. About the flowers of the salmon-berry several Syrphidee hovered, in- cluding Sphegina infuscata Loew, Baccha obscuricornis Meig., Platychirus pelt at us Meig., and ^lelanostoma mcllinum (L.). INTRODUCTION 5 About the same flowers darted a swarm of Empidae, comprising three species Rhamphomyia corvina Loew, Empis triangula sp. nov. Coq., and Microphorus jlavipilosus sp. nov. Coq. Another insect that was extremely common was Bibio variabilis Loew. In sweeping through the grass and low herbage several interesting Mycetophilidas were captured, including Diadocidia borealis sp. nov. Coq. and Sciara tridentata Rubs., the latter originally described from Greenland. Two species of Tipulidee were taken in the same manner ; one of these, Rhypholophis affinis Lund., is recorded from Greenland, the other, Tricy- phona vitripennis (Doane), from the State of Washington. Very few beetles \vere in evidence. Amphichroum testaceum occurred in vast numbers at the flowers of the salmon-berry. Hypnoides musculus Esch. was found beneath stones along the beach, while Podabrus piniphilus Esch. crawled about among the foliage. Of Hymenoptera, the most conspicuous were the bumble-bees, of \vhich several species were noticed visiting the salmon-berry. A single saw-fly, Tenthredo ferrugineipes Nort., was s\vept from a branch of elder-berry, while an Ichneumon caught among the grass was found by Mr. Ashmead to represent a new species, Philonygus glacialis Ashmead. METLAKATLA, ALASKA June 4. A stop of half a day was made at this interesting missionary village, on Annette Island, at the extreme southeast- ern limit of Alaska territory. The vicinity of the settlement is rather favorable for the operations of the entomologist, since it is open and marshy, with scattered clumps of scrub pine (Pinus contorta] and occasional pools and small lakes. In the marshy ground were found in full bloom many of the most characteristic plants of southeastern Alaska, including Pingui- cula vulgan's, Coptis trifolia, Menyanthcs trifoliata, Sieversia calthifolia, Drosera longifolia^ Nephrophyllidium cristagalli^ Empetrwn nigrum, Rubus chamamorus, Lysichiton kamtschat- ense, Habenaria hyperborea, and Dodecatheon viviparum. Amidst this array of blossoms Diptera were very numerous, and the net soon yielded over thirty species. At the flowers of 6 ALASKA INSECTS MenyantheS) the principal visitors were Eristalis occidcntalls Will., Neoascia globosa L., and Mclanostoma nielli num (L.). At NcphrophylUdium the only insect taken was Mclanostoma mcllinum (L.), while at Sieversia a number of Muscidas were captured, as well as one species of Syrphidas (Mclanostoma Irichophus Thomson). In the spathes of Lysichiton^ a beetle (Donacia femoralis Kby.) was found at work devouring pollen, and here also occurred the fly, Syrphus ribesii L. Sweeping brought to light a number of Diptera hidden in the grass and herbage, including five Tipulidre, of which two were s^H^lg FIG. I. JiETLAKATLA. new (Tipula strigata Coq. and Tipula gel i da Coq.) ; three species of Empidas, all of which were new (Empis fumida Coq., Rhamphomyia glauca Coq., and Rhamphomyia anthracodcs Coq.) ; and two species of Dolichopodidae, Dolichopus longi- manus Loew being especially abundant. Of the Muscidas, the most interesting were Orthochccta piJosa (Zett.), a European species not previously known from America, and (Edoparca glauca Coq., a new species of Sciomyzida?. With the exception of water beetles, the Coleoptera do not thrive in very marshy places, only six species being found, and these of an uninteresting character, except Stcnus umbratilis Casey, which was new to Alaska, although known from British Columbia. The same may be said of the Heteroptera, since INTRODUCTION 7 only one, Gcrris rufoscutellatus, a widespread species, was observed. Of the small number of Hymenoptera captured, the most interesting were two species of ants discovered in a decay- ing pine stump. They were representatives of two genera (Leptothorax yankce kincaidi Pergande and Formica neoru- fbarbis Emery), and, with the exception of one species, are the first members of this group to be recorded from Alaska. The Formica was subsequently found as far west as Kadiak. Excepting a few bumble-bees (Bombus juxtus Cr.), no other representatives of this order were seen, aside from two species of saw-flies. One of these (Tenthrcdo erythromcra Prov.) was already known from Vancouver Island, while the second was a new species of Monophadnus (M. insiilaris Kincaid). Only two species of Lepidoptera were captured moths of the families Geometridas and Tortricidge. Rheumaptcra has- tata L. was very common here, as well as at several localities subsequently visited. The second species has been described by Dr. Fernald as Phoxapteris kincaidiana sp. nov. Eight spiders and two Myriapods complete the list of captures at this point. Both of the latter are of interest, one of them (Parajulus alaskanus Cook) being new to science, while the other, a little hairy Diplopod of the genus Polyxenus (P. pugctensis Kincaid), was originally described from the State of Washington. FOX POINT July 26-27. This name is applied to an Indian village at the extreme southeastern corner of the Alaska mainland. It was once populous, but is now deserted. It was the last station touched at by the Expedition on the return journey. Although the season was well advanced for this section of the country, some summer plants were still in bloom, more especially certain of the Umbelliferge. At these plants 23 species of Diptera were captured, the most notable of which were Syrphidee : Pipiza pisticoides Will., Syrphus velutinus Will., Sphcerophoria sulphuripes (Thomson), Eristalis flavipes Walk., Eristalis obscuris Loew, Criorhina armillata O. S., 8 ALASKA INSECTS Criorhina scitula Will. ; Tachinidas, five species, including Paraphyto borcalis sp. nov. Coq. The bumble-bees collected were of four species B. oregon- cns/'s Cr., B. alaskensis sp. nov. Ashm., B. mixtuosus sp. nov. Ashm., and B. dimidiata sp. nov. Ashm. The Sphegoidea were represented by Clytochrysus gracilissimus (Pack.) and Mimcsa propinqua sp. nov. Kincaid, the Vespoidea by Odynerus albo- phaleratus Sauss. Three Ichneumonidae found at the above FIG. 2. INDIAN VILLAGE, FOX POINT mentioned Umbelliferae were determined by Mr. Ashmead as Rhyssa alaskensis sp. nov., Enicospilus -purgatus (Say), and Rhogas harrimani sp. nov. A few beetles were collected, but none of these were of special interest. The same may be said of the Heteroptera, of which only three species were secured. Homoptera were represented by a leaf-hopper, three species of Aphalara, and one of Psylla. Several butterflies were netted as they fluttered along a path- way the only examples seen of Pa-pilio machaon aliaska Edw. and Vanessa milberti Godt. FARRAGUT BAY June 5. A short stop was made at this point, but the conditions were unfavorable for collecting. Turning over some of the debris along the shore, eight species of Coleoptera were discovered. One of these proved to be a new species (Ncbria kincaidi Schwarz), while another (Telephorus divisus Lee.) INTRODUCTION 9 was new to Alaska, although known to occur in British Co- lumbia. Four interesting Diptera were taken in the same situation with the above Didyma pullula Van der Wulp, a Tachinid origi- nally described from Mexico; Chirosia glauca Coq., a new species of Anthomyid ; Aptilotus politus (Will.), a Borborid originally described from California; (Edoparea glauca Coq., a new form of the family Sciomyzidas, specimens of which had already been taken at Metlakatla. In addition to these a Syr- phid (Sphegina infuscata) was captured at the flowers of a spe- cies of Lupinus. A single caddice-fly found beneath a stone proved to be Asynarchus punctatissimus (Walker), a widely distributed representative of the group. JUNEAU June 7 and July 25. A short stay was made at Juneau on June 7, during the northward journey of the Expedition, but the con- ditions were not favorable for the collection of insects. On the return trip a day (July 25) was spent at this locality, and a better opportunity was afforded to study the entomological conditions of the region. At the rear of the town a good collecting ground was found about the shores of a small pond in a deep hollow. Here were growing dense patches of Epilobium spicatum and numerous other plants. Over thirty species of Diptera were captured, including ten species of Syrphidas. Most of the latter had already been collected at other localities, the only exceptions being Syrphus gracilis sp. nov. Coquillett and Jfylota barbata Loew. Other interesting Diptera were Rhamphomyia setosa Coq. and Sepsis flavimana Meigen, the latter a European species not previously known from the American continent. Bumble-bees were quite common on the blossoms of Epilobium spicatum) including Bombus nearcticus Handl., B. mclanopy- gus Nyl., B. oregonensis Cr., and Psithyrus insularis (Smith). Ichneumonoidea were also abundant among the herbage, and yielded ten species, of which eight were new to science, includ- ing a new genus (Hyposyntactus Ashmead) . Dragon-flies were common about the edge of the pond, but all were of a single species, Enattagma calverti Morse. IO ALASKA INSECTS The list of insects taken at Juneau is completed by a few beetles, two moths, a single true-bug, a Xeuropteroid insect (Chloroperla pacifica Banks), and six species of Arachnida. On crossing to Douglas City, on the opposite side of the channel from Juneau, a few additional captures were made, mainly at the blossoms of AchiUea millefoliwn. MUIR INLET, GLACIER BAY June 912. For four days the members of the Expedition explored the shores of Glacier Bay in the vicinity of the Muir Glacier. On the 9th the writer formed one of a party to visit a small island in the bay just opposite the face of the glacier. It was found to consist mainly of glacial debris, and was thickly overgrown with shrubs and flowering plants, including Sedum roseum, Fragaria chilocnsis, Astragalus alpinus, Dr\as octo- petala, Cham&ncrion latifolium, a species of Taraxacum, and several species of Salix. The stones along the shore of this little island concealed numerous beetles, mostly Carabidce, which scampered away when their hiding places were disturbed. Among the captures made in this wav were ^Xcbria mannerheimi Fisch., ^Vebria mctallica Fisch., Ptcrostichus riparius Dej., Ptcrostichus luczotl Dej., Bembidium complanatum Mann., Bcmbidium bimaculatum Kby., Amara remotestriata Dej., and Calathus ingrains Dej. On the following day a part}- was conveyed in a naphtha launch to a point on the shore of the bay several miles from the foot of the glacier. Here a favorable collecting ground was selected and the day was spent in exploring the neighborhood. The soil of the entire region was evidently of recent glacial origin, and in the gravelly debris a growth of coniferous trees was attempting to establish itself. Dense thickets of alder and willow made traveling somewhat difficult. Among the more conspicuous plants in bloom were Caltha palustris, Anemone multifda, Anemone parviflora, Dodecatheon pauciflorum, Aqui- legia formosa, Ranunculus occidentalis, Silcnc acaulis, Arabis ambigua, Petasites frigida, and Primula egalikcnsis. The plant whose blossoms seemed to attract the greatest number of insects was Caltha palustris. The visitors were INTRODUCTION II mostly Diptera, and among them were the following Syr- phidae : Melanostoma mellinum (L.), Syrphus contumax O. S., Syrphus glacialis (Johnson), Helophilus dychei Will., and Eristalis tenax ; Empidse : Rhamphomyia setosa Coq., J-f ti- ara transfuga Walk. ; Scatophagidse : Scatophaga islandica Becker, Cordylura vittipes Loew, Cordylura pra>usta Loew : Phoridge : Trineura aterrima (Fabr.) ; Anthomyidce : Hyeto- dcsia brunneinerris (Stein), Homalomyia Jlaz'iz-aria sp. nov. Coq., and Phorbia biciliata sp. nov. Coq. Resting upon the under surfaces of the leaves of the same plant, but never appear- ing on the flowers, were vast numbers of a species of Psy- chodidse, Pericoma bipunctala Kin., originally described from Washington and California. The willows also were well supplied with visitors, among which may be mentioned the following Mycetophilidse : Bolelina groenlandica Staeger ; Bibionidas : Bibio variabilis Loew, Dilophus serraticollis Walk. ; Syrphidae : Syrphus gla- cialis (Johnson), Melanostoma mellinum (L.) ; Empidte : Rham- phomyia albopilosa sp. nov. Coq. In sweeping among the herbage three species of Tipulidas were netted Tricyphona diaphana Doane, Dicranota argentea Doane, and Tipula tene- brosa sp. nov. Coq. Resting among the foliage of the willow bushes were several saw r -flies, including Dole r 'us sericcus Say and Tenthrcdo tari- picta Nort., while at the blossoms of the same plant occurred the bumble-bees Bombus melanopygus Xyl. and Psithyrus insular is (Smith). On the afternoon of June 10 an effort was made to climb one of the high hills to the left of the glacier, where the steep slope rises to the height of about two thousand feet. For some dis- tance the hillside \vas dotted with clumps of alders and dwarf willows. At the blossoms of the latter bumble-bees were com- mon, and here also was taken a single male specimen of Andrena frigida Smith, noteworthy as the first of the solitary bees to be discovered in Alaska. On the same slope were found the first butterflies of the Expedition, Pieris napi bryonia Ochs., as well as two moths, Pctrophora borealis Hulst and Phoxoptcris kin- caidiana sp. nov. Fernald. 12 ALASKA INSECTS The last day was spent in exploring the district at the west- ern side of the glacier. Among the morainic material left be- hind by the ice in its retreat, numerous plants soon take root, among the very first being the willow-herb ( Chanuzncrion lati- folium}, the brilliant blossoms of which brighten the shattered rocks. The only insects captured at the flowers of this species were the Syrphid Platychirus aeratus Coq., and, more abun- dantly, Limnophora nobilis Zett. and Spania edeta Walker, the latter one of the few representatives of the Xylophagidas found in Alaska. Many minute Ichneumonidai also were taken in the sweep net, and several of these were subsequently found to be new. Above the western edge of the glacier, on a ledge of glacial debris, several small ponds were discovered in which a large number of aquatic Coleoptera and Hemiptera disported them- selves. Of the latter there were two species, Corisa convexa Fieber and Corisa pr&usta Fieber. The beetles were of three species, Deronectes griseostriatus DeG., Hydroporus signatus Dej., and Agabus tristis Aube. Of the last-mentioned species numerous larvae were also secured beneath the debris along the shore. In the same pond were numbers of caddice-fly larvas, but only one adult insect was taken. It has been described by Mr. Banks as Asynarchus fumosus sp. nov. Apterygota were quite common under the stones upon the moraines. Four species were taken, three of which were new to science, Entomobrya kincaidi Folsom, Papirius -palmatus Folsom, and Machilis arctica Folsom. The Arachnida were well represented at this point, since fifteen species, including three new forms, were collected without any special effort. Myriapoda were not common, the only species found being Conotyla atrolineata (Bollman). SITKA June i^-ij. The neighborhood of Sitka has been perhaps more carefully investigated than any other section of Alaska. Here the Russian naturalists made their most important col- lections, and those who have followed in their footsteps have usually made Sitka their rendezvous. And with very good INTRODUCTION 13 reason, for there is no doubt that the characteristic flora and fauna of the coastal region of southeastern Alaska here attain their most perfect development. After traversing the vast stretch of rocky, and in the main inhospitable, coast line between Vancouver Island and Sitka, it is with a sense of deepest pleasure that the naturalist sets foot within the noble forests of Sitka spruce and follows the winding pathways that traverse the great natural park on the banks of Indian River. For three days the members of the Expedition FIG. 3. ISLANDS NEAR SITKA. had the privilege of delving in this primeval forest in search of biological treasures. To one accustomed to the forests of western Washington, the scenery seemed strangely familiar. The conifers were indeed of different species, but of the same general character, while the underwood was composed of shrubs and flowering plants identical in many cases with those found farther south. There were tangled thickets of salmon-berry (Rubus spectabilis] and elder-berry (Sambucus), with here and there clumps of the inhospitable devil's club (Panax horriduni), Gloomy spots were lighted up by the broad green leaves and yellow spathes of the skunk cabbage (Lysichitori) . At the river's edge grew dense growths of willow and wild currant {Ribes bracteosuni) . Among the less conspicuous vegetation many familiar plants greet the sojourner from the south, for example, the spring-beauty {Claytonia sibirica), mitrewort ALASKA INSECTS (Tiarclla trifoliata), yellow violet (Viola glabettd), and Os- morrhiza nndci. Undoubtedly, of all the plants in bloom at this season the greatest favorite with flower-visiting insects was the salmon- berry. Its long period of blooming, its widely opened blossoms, and its abundant, easily accessible nectar, render it an attractive rendezvous for insects. The pendant form of the flowers is also important, as the flaring corolla sheds the rain, and in this way not only protects the nectaries, but also provides a shelter for visiting insects during the frequent showers. In the short time at our dis- posal it was of course impos- sible to do more than make a hasty collection of the more conspicuous insects, but the re- sults show what a rich harvest awaits more thorough investi- gation. More than 200 species were collected, of which 34 were new to science, several new to America, and many rep- resented additions to the fauna of Alaska. As usual, the Diptera form the predominant feature of the insect fauna, not only in spe- cies, but also in abundance of individuals. At hours when the FIG. 4. FOREST NEAR SITKA. . r . , sun shone the air fairly swarm- ed with Diptera and other flying insects. The most abundant flies were Bibio variabitis and Dilophus scrraticollis, the latter occurring in countless numbers in the blossoms of the salmon- berry. The same flower furnished a harboring place for num- bers of Syrphidae, of which nine species were secured : Chilosia plutonia Hunter, Melanostoma inclIinwn(L.'), Platychirus-pelta- tus (Meigen), Platychirus albimanns Fabr., Syrphus diver sipes Macq., Syrphns amalopis O. S., BaccJia obscnricornis Loew., Sphco-hia hifuscata Loew., Brach\opa notata O. S., Scricomyia INTRODUCTION 15 chalcopyga Loew., Criorhina tricolor sp. nov. Coq., and Eris- talis occidentalis Will. Of these the most abundant were Chilo- sia phitonia and Sphcgina infuscata. Platychinis albimanus is a European species and an addition to the American fauna. Perhaps the most striking feature of the dipterous fauna at this point was a large number of species and individuals of the family Empidae. No less than fifteen species were swept from the bushes bordering the pathways. This series includes repre- sentatives of six genera (Empis, Gloma, Microphones, Rham- phomyia, Ocydroniia, and Platvpalpus), and of the species ten were new to science. The most abundant species were Empis virgata Coq. and Empis triangnla sp. nov. Cov. Among other interesting Diptera taken at this place may be mentioned the Chironomid named by Mr. Coquillett Chasma- tonotus univittatus sp. nov., Sciara expolita sp. nov. Coq., Bcris anniilifera Bigot (the only representative of the Strati- omyidas seen upon the Expedition), eleven species of Antho- myidae, including two previously undescribed, and two species of Lonchaeidae (Lonchtza albitarsis Zett. and L. deutchi Zett.), both additions to the American fauna. No special effort was made to collect Coleoptera, since this order has been thoroughly collected by the Russians and others, but over 50 species were taken, including several new to the fauna of Alaska, namely, Agyrtes longulus Lee., Seri- cosomus incongruus Lee., and Eros Icetus Mots. With the exception of the common white Pieris no butterflies were taken at Sitka, but 17 species of moths appear in the col- lection. Most of them belong to the families Noctuidas and Geometridas. The latter family included one new form, Tephroclistis flebilis sp. nov. Hulst. It is evident that the extreme humidity of this and other sec- tions of Alaska is not favorable to the higher Hymenoptera. No fossorial Hymenoptera were found at Sitka, but a wasp ( Vcspa borealis Kirby) was taken at the blossom of Menziesia ferruginea. Diligent search among the fallen timber revealed three colonies of ants belonging to the species Formica neoru- fbarbis Em., Lasius niger sitkensis Pergande, and Myrmica sulcinodoidcs Em. 16 ALASKA INSECTS The Apoidea were represented almost exclusively by mem- bers of the genus Bombus (B. californicus Smith and B. alaskensis sp. nov. Ashmead). These, together with Psithyrus insularis (Smith), occurred at the blossoms of the salmon-berry. A solitary female specimen of Andrena frigida Smith was swept from the catkin of a willow, and thus furnished a com- panion in the collection for the male of the same species taken a few days previously at the Muir Glacier. Of the Ichneumonoidea, a rather small series was secured, comprising only 17 species ; but of these only five were pre- viously known, the remaining twelve having been described as new by Mr. Ashmead. One of them was made the type of a new genus (Dal/alorrca). The Tenthredinoidea seem to thrive in these northern regions better than their higher relatives, since sixteen species were ob- tained by sweeping among the shrubbery. The family Lydidas was represented by three species Itycorsia marginiventris Cr., Ce-phalcia nigropcctus Cr., and Bactroceros sitkensis sp. nov. Kincaid ; the Selandriida? by Erythraspidcs ashmeadii sp. nov. Kincaid and Pixcilostomidea maculata Nort. ; the Nematidas by Pachynematus ocreatus Hgtn., Pristiphora lena sp. nov., and Pteronus rivularis sp. nov. Kincaid ; the Tenthredinidae by Dolerus sericeus Say and seven species of Tenthredo: T.fer- rugtneipes Cr., T. varipicta Nort., T. evansii Hgtn., T. lineata Prov., T. nigricollis Kby., T. erythromera Prov., and T. mela- nosoma Hgtn. These large and beautiful saw-flies form a most conspicuous feature of the insect fauna. Of the Neuropteroids eight species were encountered, mostly forms known to exist in other regions of America, the only ex- ception being a caddice-fly described by Mr. Banks as Limne- philus harrimani. The Herniptera, as was the case at most points, were poorly represented. Of Heteroptera only three were seen Irbisia sericans Stal., Scolopostcthus thompsoni Reuter, and Corisa pr Anemone narcissiflora, Sieversia rossii> Rhododendron kamtschaticum, Salix spp., and Alnus sinuata, with occasional stunted bushes of Sambucus. The hill tops, at an elevation of 1,000 feet and over, were the homes of beautiful alpine plants, delicate saxi- frages, the curious Chrysosplenium beringiamim^ the dwarf dandelion, tiny Cruciferas, and the beautiful alpine poppy. The number of species of insects collected during the ten days of our stay on Popof Island was 282. It seems worth while to consider these somewhat in detail, as studies of insular faunas are always interesting from the point of view of geo- graphic distribution. Of the entire series 90 species have been described as new. Of these, 70 were found on Popof Island only, so that so far as the record goes their distribution is limited to this station. Of the 282 species, 22 were collected at Sitka, 54 at Kukak, and 31 at Kadiak, while n were European species not previously known to exist on the American continent. The number new to the fauna of Alaska must represent a very large percentage of the total. As usual the Diptera formed the principal element in the insect fauna, comprising over 100 species. Of these, 30 were obtained solely on Popof Island, 40 on Popof and also at Kukak Bay, and 18 on Popof and also at Sitka. Ten species were European forms new to America. Among the novelties in this group may be mentioned the following Mycetophilidce : Neoemphcria kincaidi sp. nov. Coq. ; Chironomida? : Ceralo- pogon arcticus sp. nov. Coq. ; Ccratopogon fcmoratus Fabr., a European species new to America ; Empidre : Empis infiimata sp. nov. Coq., Empis laniventris Eschs. (notable on account of the enormous numbers in which it occurred at the flowers of Geranium crianthuni), Rhamphomyia villipes sp. nov. Coq., Platypalpus diver sipcs sp. nov. Coq., Platypalpus gilvipcs sp. nov. Coq. ; Dolichopodidae : Dolichopus barycncmis sp. nov. Coq., Dolichopus festinans Zett. (new to American lists), Doli- chopus plumipcs Fall, (also new to America) ; Syrphidae : Platy- chirus albimanus (Fabr.), an addition to American lists ; An- thomyidae : Lasiops calvicrura sp. nov. Coq., Hylcmyia spini- INTRODUCTION 31 ventris sp. nov. Coq., Hyle-phila silvestris (Fallen), new to the American fauna; Sarcophagidse : Pogonota kincaidi sp. nov. A single specimen of Arctophila flagrans O. S. captured upon the bank of the creek, attracted attention on account of the surprising resemblance it bore to one of the common bum- ble-bees (Bombus sylvicola Kirby) found on the same island. This was interpreted as an example of mimetic resemblance. On the top of an exposed and barren hill top several speci- mens were secured of a peculiar brachypterous Tipulid ( TipuJa septentrionalis Loew). These creatures presented a strange sight as they ran about among the scanty herbage after the fashion of Phalangids. The situations in which they live are exposed to heavy winds, and it seems probable that their short wings are an adaptation to an unfavorable environment, since winged forms would be more liable to be blown away from the land and lost at sea. The coleopterous fauna was so meager that in the beginning it seemed as if the order was on the verge of extinction upon the island, but by painstaking search a series of thirty-three species was assembled. Strange to say, however, it was found that fifteen of these species were represented in the collection by single specimens, and of the remainder six were represented by two specimens each. The only beetle at all common was the Cerambycid Leptali'a macilenta, which occurred in multi- tudes upon the umbels of Heraclenm. The reason for this dearth of individuals in the Coleoptera was not obvious, and the only explanation offered is that certain of the rodents which swarm in the tundra use the beetles for food and thus destroy the Coleoptera that ordinarily make their homes upon the ground. For example, the family Carabidag is represented in the collection by unique specimens of Bcmbidiuin inccrtum Mots., Betnbidium mutatum G. & H., Trechus chalybeus Mann., Pterostichus luczoti Dej., Amara hyj>erborea Dej., and Cala- thus ingratus Dej. Three beetles new to the fauna of Alaska appear in the Popof Island collections Mycetoporus lepidus Erich., Bcm- bidium mutatum G. & H., and Rhantus bistriatus Bergst. Hclo- pkorus aurieollis was previously known only from Unalaska. 32 ALASKA INSECTS Chrysomcla subsulcata Mann, was recorded from the Pribilof Islands and not elsewhere ; a single specimen was found feed- ing on a dwarf willow bush high up among the hills. The only butterflies observed during our stay were Picris napi hulda Edw. and Brenthis frigga saga Staud. The latter, of which five specimens were captured, makes its home in the tundra. In habits it is very shy, since it will not fly till almost stepped upon, and then it flutters for a short distance close to the ground, quickly hiding itself in the thick moss. This butter- fly is no doubt in constant danger of being blown away from its island home, and its cautious habits are the result of natural selection, which has operated to eliminate the more adventurous individuals. The list of Popof moths comprises eighteen species, including an Arctian, Platarctia parthenos Harr. ; six Noctuidee : Noctua c-nigrum L., Hadcna ducta Gr., Pachnobia alaskcz Thunb., Ommatostola popofensis sp. nov. Smith, and Anarte lanuginosa sp. nov. Smith; six Geometridae : Mcsoleuca variata Schiff., Petrophora montanata Borkh., Petrophora nemorclla Hulst, Tephroclystis pcrfusca Hulst, Tephroclystis misenila Grt., and Rheumaptera hastata L. ; two Pyralidte : Scoparia centuriclla Schiff. and Crambiis interminclhts Walk. ; one Pterophoridse : Platyptilia petrodactyla Walk. ; two Tortricidas : Sciaphila moeschleriana Wocke. and Sericoris bipartitana Clem. The Noctuids, almost without exception, were taken upon the umbels of Hcraclcum. The list of Hymenoptera does not include any representatives of the Sphegoidea. The Apoidea includes only members of the genus J3ombus, of which five species were secured B. coupert Cr., B. oregonensis Cr., B. pleurah's Nyl., B. sylvicoJa Kby., and B. mixtuosus sp. nov. Ashmead. Bumble-bees were observed to play an important role in the fertilization of many flowering plants. They were noted in the act of visiting the blossoms of Geranium erianthum, Lupinus nootkatensis, Polcmonum ceani'E.m., but does not agree very well. Pardosa groenlandica Thorell. Pardosa grcenlandica THORELL, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., p. 498, 1875. EMERTON, Trans. Conn. Acad., ix, p. 423, 1894. Several specimens from the Muir Glacier (June). Known from boreal America. Pardosa glacialis Thorell. Pardosa gladalis THORELL, Ofv. K. Vetensk., Akad. Forh., p. 159, 1872. EMERTON, Trans. Conn. Acad., ix, p. 424, 1894. A few specimens from Popof Island. Known from boreal America. 44 BANKS [484] Pardosa uncata Thorell. Pardosa uncata THORELL, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., in, no. 2, p. 508, 1877. EMERTON, Trans. Conn. Acad., ix, p. 425, 1894. Two specimens from Juneau and Metlakahtla. Known from New Hampshire, Colorado, and British Columbia. Pirata sp. One female of a large species from Berg Bay. It is probably new. PHALANGIDA. Sclerobunus brunneus Banks. Sclerobunus brunneus BANKS, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., p. 152, 1893. Several specimens from Yakutat Bay, Juneau, Cook Inlet, Orca (June) , and Kadiak (July) . Known from Washington. Phlegmacera occidentalis Banks. PhkgmaceraoccidentalisTSkxsxs,, Psyche, p. 51, March, 1894. Several specimens, all very young, from Sitka (June) , Berg Bay, Yakutat (June), and Popof Island. Known from Oregon and Wash- ington. Leptobunus borealis Banks. Leptobunus boreaHs BANKS, Arachn. Commander Isl., p. 350, 1899. One specimen from Popof Island. Described from the Commander Islands. Liobunum exilipes (Wood) . Phalangium exilipes WOOD, Comm. Essex Inst., vi, p. 23, 1868. Two specimens from Yakutat (June), Kadiak (July). Known from California, Nevada and Washington. Mitopus dorsalis sp. nov. Plate XXIX, fig. 2. Gray : a darker median vase-mark, not reaching end of abdomen ; through this there is a pale median line from the eye-tubercle backward ; cephalothorax and sides of abdomen more or less mottled with pale, dark gray, and black ; venter pale, dotted with gray ; legs pale, indis- tinctly marked with brown at ends of joints, the tarsus on apical half blackish ; palpi lineate with brown. Eye-tubercle near posterior mar- gin of cephalothorax, quite high, with two rows of small teeth above ; on middle of front margin of cephalothorax is a group of small teeth ; rest of cephalothorax and dorsum of abdomen with many scattered denticles, those on the latter mostly in transverse rows ; legs with many black denticles arranged in rows, no false articulations in meta- [485] ARACHNIDA 45 tarsus I, nor in tibia II ; palpi with rows of denticles, the patella and tibia on inner side swollen and there thickly clothed with short, erect spine-like hairs, claw not toothed ; no supra-mandibular spine. Length 5 mm., femur II, 4 mm. Two from Popof Island (one not adult and not fully marked from the mountain top). Type. Cat. no. 5272, U. S. National Museum. PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA. Ideobisium threveneti (Simon). Obisium threveneti SIMON, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, p. 156, 1878. Several examples from Cook Inlet, Lowe Inlet (June), Long Inlet, Popof Island, and Yakutat. Known from California, Oregon and Washington. ACARINA. Gamasus sp. Several specimens from Kadiak on a Necrophortis, and from Sitka ; none in an adult condition, and no males. Holostaspis exilis sp. nov. Plate XXIX, fig. i. $ . Pale yellowish, the legs still paler. Body about twice as long as broad, tapering each way, broadest before third legs, but slightly convex above, clothed with scattered long, simple hairs, more numerous at tip of body ; each side at posterior third of the dorsal shield is a row of four or five round, reddish, impressed dots. Palpi slender ; leg I slender, no claw nor sucker at tip ; leg II with fourth joint thickened and with a large tooth below, and a small one above, the sixth joint with a small tooth at base and a long blunt spine at tip ; legs III with a spur on hind tip of second joint, and one below near middle of third joint ; leg IV with the second joint swollen on an- terior face, and just before tip with a long slender process ; bifid at tip. The peritreme runs directly to the stigmata which are above the third coxae. The sternal plate is very narrow behind, so that the hind coxae are not separated by half their width. Length 2 mm. 9 . What appears to be the female of this species is smaller, more reddish, the abdomen broadly rounded behind, the hind coxa? are more widely separated, yet much closer than third coxae, the legs are un- armed ; the dorsal shield shows a slight incision near middle of each side, indicating the division of the immature forms. Length 1.5 mm. Several specimens from Yakutat, Berg Bay, Sitka, and Popof Island. Type. Cat. no. 5273, U. S. National Museum. PLATE II. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. II, PI. XXIX.] FIG. I. Holostaspis exilis. $ 2. Mitopus dorsalis. 3. Gonglydmm alascensis. 4. Cor/u'cidaria varipcs. 9 t;. Ccratinella sp. 6. LeptJiyphantcs alascensis. 9 7. Erigonc famclica, palpus. 8. Erigone famelica, epigynum. 9. Coniicularia recurvata. $ [486] (4 6 ) [PR. WASH. A. S., II, PL. XXIX] H. A. E. VOL. VIII, PLATE II ALASKA ARACHNIDS A HOEN a eci BA; MYRIAPODA OF NORTHWESTERN NORTH AMERICA (47) MYRIAPODA OF NORTHWESTERN NORTH AMERICA BY 0. F. COOK THE four classes of Arthropoda formerly arranged under the name Myriapoda are no longer believed to constitute a natural group, the agile, carnivorous Chilopoda with one pair of legs on each joint of the body having closer affinities with the true insects than with the slow-moving Diplopoda or thousand-legged ' worms.' The latter subsist on decaying vegetable matter and have two pairs of legs on most of the body segments. Related to the Diplopoda are two other classes of minute animals, the Symphyla and Pauropoda, not yet discovered in Alaska. Class DIPLOPODA. The Diplopoda are a predominately tropical group, though with numerous representatives in the temperate regions, some of which have been reported from rather high latitudes in Scandinavia and also in Siberia, but only three species have been reported from Alaska. Unlike the Insects and Molluscs, the Diplopoda attract little popular attention, and they are neither useful nor injurious to the extent of de- manding investigation for economic reasons. They have, however, a unique scientific value as probably affording a better foundation for distributional studies than any other group. Owing to their retiring habits, slow movements, lack of wings, and inability to withstand ex- (49) 50 COOK posure to unfavorable conditions, they have been unable to extend them- selves in other than the most gradual manner, so that identity, or even similarity, of diplopod faunas affords practically indubitable evidence, not only of land connection, but of existence of continuously favorable conditions, both in space and in time. On this account a comparison of the Diplopoda of northwestern America with those of northeastern Asia may yield valuable evidence regarding the nature and extent of the land connection supposed by many naturalists to have existed for- merly. The Diplopoda of the Harriman Expedition are thus an initial contribution to this phase of the trans-Bering question, though their significance can not be estimated until the Siberian representatives of the group have been studied. The systematic study of the Diplopoda is a difficult and backward province of zoology ; the literature is fragmentary and scattered, and the animals, though quite harmless, are generally avoided by all except the most intelligent and zealous collectors. The Diplopods of the Pacific Coast region have had little attention subsequent to the papers of Wood and Harger, published over thirty years ago, and it has ac- cordingly seemed permissible to insert here some of the preliminary results of a long-deferred examination of the considerable amount of material accumulated at Washington during the last decade. As a means of encouraging the collection of Diplopoda in the North- west, analytical keys to the higher groups and general notes likely to facilitate diagnosis have been included in the present report. The characters used for these purposes have been chosen with a view to convenience, and are not in all cases of general application to the Diplopoda of other regions. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SUBCLASSES OF DIPLOPODA. Body without external armor ; the soft skin beset with toothed and barbed bristles Subclass PSELAPHOGNATHA. Body with a hardened exoskeleton ; bristles few, inconspicuous, or wanting Subclass CHILOGNATHA. Subclass PSELAPHOGNATHA. The subclass Pselaphognatha contains only the small caterpillar-like Diplopod Polyxenus and a few related genera. The group is of very general distribution and is probably very old geologically, one of the Carboniferous forms (Palceocampa) being of large size. A species of Polyxenus from the State of Washington has been described by MYRIAPODA 5 1 Professor Kincaid. 1 The European P. lagurus extends far north, and its American relatives will probably be found in southern Alaska. Subclass CHILOGNATHA. This subclass includes all the remaining Diplopoda, with over a hundred genera and many hundreds of species. There is great diver- sity of form and structure, but all have the body protected by more or less complete chitinized rings. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE WEST AMERICAN ORDERS OF CHILOGNATHA. Body composed of 20 (rarely 19) segments, which are complete chitinous rings, without sutures Order MEROCHETA. Body composed of 30 (rarely 26 or 28) segments or more ; fusion of primitive sclerites not complete, at least the pedigerous lamina? separated by distinct sutures. Males with eight pairs of normal legs in front of the 4-5 -jointed gonapods 2 which are the posterior pair of the seventh segment and the anterior pair of the eighth ; head and mouth parts partly reduced, the latter suctorial rather than manducatory. Order COLOBOGNATHA. Males with seven more or less normal legs in front of the seventh segment, of which the anterior, and usually both pairs, are transformed into simple or 2-jointed gonapods ; head large, the mouth parts well developed and distinctly manducatory. Segments 1-5 with a single pair of legs each ; pleurae indicated by a longitudinal suture, which is met above by two transverse sutures crossing the dorsal part of the segment ; labrum with a median sinus Order ANOCHETA. Segment 3 or segment 4 footless, segment 5 with two pairs of legs ; pleurae entirely obliterated ; transverse suture single or wanting ; labrum with a median tooth. Pedigerous laminae free ; last segment with spinning organs in the form of setiferous papilla? Order CCELOCHETA. Pedigerous laminae adnate; last segment without setiferous papillae Order ZYGOCHETA. 1 Polyxeniis fttgetensis, Entomological News, ix, p. 192, 1898. This form was also collected by Professor Kincaid at Metlakatla, Alaska, while with the Harri- man Expedition. 2 This term is used in the present paper as a substitute for ' copulatorj legs,' in accordance with the excellent suggestion of the German zoologist Dr. C. Verhoeff. 52 COOK Order Merocheta. Diplopoda with 19 or 20 segments, the superficial hardened parts of which are coalesced into complete rings. Eyes are wanting in all members of this order, which nevertheless contains a large proportion of the bright-colored species of the Diplopoda. Nearly all Merocheta have distinct lateral carinae or projections from the segments, on which are located the repugnatorial pores or openings of glands which in members of this order secrete prussic acid. 1 It is also characteristic that the pores, which begin on segment 5, are not found on all the other segments but are always absent, at least from segment 6, and usually from several others. The normal or most general pore formula, that which prevails on all the species described below, is 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, ANALYTICAL KEY TO WEST AMERICAN FAMILIES OF MEROCHETA. Body compact, the carinae overlapping or continuous ; claws of an- terior legs of males abruptly curved beyond the middle. Family XYSTODESMID^S. Body moniliform, the carinae distinctly separated ; claws slightly and evenly curved. Repugnatorial pores lateral, located in small depressions of the thickened margins of the carinae ; dorsal surface evenly convex, smooth ......................................... Family CHELODESMID^E. Repugnatorial pores dorsal ; margins of carinae not thickened ; dorsal surface uneven with convex areas or granules. Family POLYDESMID^E. Family XYSTODESMID^. The family Xystodesmidae, to which the genus Font aria belongs, is rich in species in eastern North America, but seems to have had no corresponding prosperity on the Pacific Coast. Two species of Fon- taria have been described from California, but none is known from Oregon or Washington, though there is no apparent reason why they should not extend to British Columbia or southern Alaska, since the eastern representatives of the family are found as far north as New York and Michigan, where the climate would seem to be much more unfavorable. The Xystodesmidae are recognizable among North American Mero- cheta by their broad carinae, the margins of which appear nearly con- 1 Science, N.S., xn, No. 301, pp. 516-521, October 5, 1900. MYRIAPODA 53 tinuous because the segments fit into each other with unusual compact- ness. They are also readily separable from the Chelodesmidas, the only West American group with which they could be confused, by the presence of a sharp spine on the lower distal corner of the second joint of the legs. Xystocheir gen. nov. Type. Xystocheir obtusa sp. nov. from California. The distinctness of this genus from the East American Fontaria is obvious from the totally different structure of the gonapod, which, instead of a single or a double prong arising from a broad base, is long and subconic, and ends in five spines, as described by Wood and shown in the accompanying figures. In addition there are several secondary sexual characters. The coxa of the third leg bears a large upright process ; the coxa of the fourth leg has a broadly conic process on the mesial face at base, and there is a pair of more sharply pointed proc- esses arising from the sternum between the same pair of legs. Smaller conic processes are also to be found on the sterna of segments 6, 8 and 9. All the legs of the male are crassate, and especially the second joint, the lateral face of which is strongly inflated into a large hemi- spherical prominence. The claws are long and are distinctly recurved beyond the middle. XYSTOCHEIR OBTUSA sp. nov. (Pl. Ill, figS. Itf-IC.) Type. No. 795, U. S. Nat. Mus. Collected in California by Capt. Thomas L. Casey. Length of male about 28 mm. ; width 5.5 mm. ; length of antenna about 5.5 mm., of leg about 5 mm. Color in alcohol fading to olive and olive-buff. Segments with posterior corners but slightly produced, the porifer- ous callus small. Penultimate segment short, the angles of the cari- nas not exceeding those of segment 18. Gonapods with second joint subconic ; lateral spine slender, nearly terete, inserted at nearly the same level as the anterior, its apex pro- jecting distad to opposite the bases of the distal spines. Posterior dis- tal spine narrow, flattened, turned inward and forward ; anterior dis- tal spine narrowly and sharply conic, the apex turned slightly forward. A single male specimen without detailed locality. The small size and blunt carinae distinguish this species from the next. The gona- 54 COOK pods separate it from X. dissecta, and probably also from X.fzirci- fer. XYSTOCHEIR ACUTA sp. nov. Type collected in California by Mr. Carl F. Baker. Length of male about 35 mm., width 6.5 mm. Color in alcohol fading to fawn-color ; dorsum lighter, legs and an- tennas darker. Segments with posterior corners of carina? strongly produced, and the projecting corner thickened to increase the size of the poriferous callus. Segment 19 exceeding segment 18, but the pores very minute, as in X. obtusa. Gonapods with second joint oblong, scarcely tapering to near the end ; lateral spine flattened, inserted somewhat above the level of the anterior, its apex scarcely exceeded by the distal spines. Posterior distal spine thin and leaf-like, the apex broadly rounded. Anterior spine relatively smaller than in X. obtusa. This species differs from the preceding in its larger size and some- what more convex dorsum, and in minor details of the gonapods, as described above, but the principal diagnostic feature seems to lie in the longer and much more produced lateral carinse. Several adult specimens of both sexes were received from Mr. Carl F. Baker, and are supposed to have been collected near Palo Alto, California. Another pair was obtained by Prof. Walter C. Blasdale in June, 1891, at Berkeley. XYSTOCHEIR FURCIFER (Karsch). Polydesmns (Fontarici) furcifer KARSCH, Troschel's Archiv f. Naturgesch., XLVII, p. 39, pi. 3, fig. 12, 1881. Fontaria furcifer BOLLMAN, Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 123, 1893. Type in the Berlin Museum, collected by Forrer. It is not impossible that this species may prove to be a synonym of X. dissecta (Wood), for although the description says that the gonapods are trifurcate at the base, the figure shows two principal divisions, as claimed by Wood, with a short, broad process from near the base of the posterior, instead of the slender spine of the two preceding species. Karsch's figure also represents the anterior of the two principal di- visions as about twice as long as the process next above it, instead of about half as long as in A", obtusa and A", acuta. MYRIAPODA 55 XYSTOCHEIR DISSECTA (Wood). Polydesmus dissectus WOOD, Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., p. 129, 1867. Fontaria dissecta BOLLMAN, Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 123, 1893. Wood's original specimens were from Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. It is not known whether they are still in existence, and no recent collections from the same region have been studied. The generic affinities are obvious from the description of the gona- pods, but it has seemed impracticable to identify the animals described above with Wood's species, because the lower or lateral spine, instead of being slender and nearly straight, is characterized as " broad, thin, obtuse and as it were twisted on itself." Family CHELODESMID^E. As at present constituted, this family extends throughout tropical and temperate America, where it is richly represented in genera and species. A few Asiatic species described under Oxyttrus * also probably belong to the same series, which is at present defined by negative rather than by positive characters. The characters given in the following key apply to all the species in the United States, but the alliances of many tropical types are still very uncertain. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE WEST AMERICAN GENERA OF CHELODESMID JB. . Gonapods very long, the anterior branch large and complex, with thin crests and plates ; antennae longer than width of body. Genus Chonaphe. 1 Oxyurus favolimbatus L. Koch (Abh. der k. k. zool. bot. Gesell. Wien, 1877, p. 795, 1878) from Japan, Polydesmus (Oxyurus) cyprius Humbert & Saussure (Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Vienna, xix, p. 684), and Oxyurus vestitus C. L. Koch (System der Myriapoden, p. 139, 1847). Of the last species I have examined specimens belonging to the Berlin Museum, the same individuals studied by Attems. They are generically distinct from the United States species commonly referred to Leptodesmus, as well as from the Mexican type of this genus. The simple probe-like gonapod has been figured by Attems (Denksch. kais. Acad. Wiss. math.-naturw. Classe, LXVII, p. 594, pi. vi, fig. 134, Vienna, 1898). Koch's O. vestitus was the type of the genus Oxyurus. That this generic name was pre- occupied was known to Bollman and other writers, who supposed, however, that it could be replaced by Leptodcsmus. This inference being incorrect, it becomes necessary to rename Koch's genus Oxyurus, for which the term Melaphe is pro- posed, in allusion to the characteristic shape of the gonapod. The type of Me- laphe vestita (Koch) came from Constantinople. It is also apparent from Attems's figures that Melaphe cypria (Humbert & Saussure) may be safely associated as a second species. Melaphe differs from all the Chelodesmidae of the United 56 COOK Gonapods short, both branches simple ; antennae shorter than width of body. Gonapods with two slender prongs of nearly equal size and length ; dorsum strongly convex, the carinae inserted at or below the middle line of side Genus Isaphe. Prongs of gonapocls very unequal ; dorsum moderately convex, the carinas inserted above the middle line of side. Posterior (lateral) branch of gonapod long, strongly curved, terete, tapering to a slender point ; posterior corners of carinaa rounded. Genus Hybaphe. Posterior branch of gonapod falcate, the apex broad and flattened ; posterior corners of carinae distinctly angled. Genus Harpaphe. Chonaphe gen. nov. Type. Chonaphe armata (Harger) from Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. Body rather small and slender ; dorsum moderately convex ; carinas inserted higher up and less thickened on the margin than in related Western genera. Antennas filiform, longer than the body is wide ; legs also long and slender in comparison with those of related genera. Gonapods much longer than in allied forms, the laminate-cristate anterior branch much larger than the slender and strongly incurved posterior branch. CHONAPHE ARMATA (Harger). (pi. IV, figs. 2, 2#, 2C.) Polydesimis armafus HARGER, Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, iv, p. 120, July 13, 1872. Leptodesmns armatus BOLLMAN, Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 122, 1893. A specimen apparently referable to this species is included in a col- lection of Washington Myriapoda. 1 In addition to the characteristic gonapods there are other conspicuous differences. In habit it is a slen- der, long-legged animal. The dorsal convexity is moderately strong, but the carinaa are inserted higher up and are thinner than in the related Western genera. The color of the alcoholic specimen is a uniform dull purplish. It measures about 30 mm. by 4.5 mm. ; antennae 5 mm. ; leg 4.2 mm. Harger's measurement is 28 mm. His specimens were States in the very flat dorsum, the thinner margins of the carinse, and the very small last segment. The habit is also characteristic, the carina? being nearly as continuous as in the Xystodesmidae. The femora are unarmed. through the kindness of Prof. C. V. Piper, of Pullman, Washington, I have recently received a small but very interesting collection of Myriapoda. MYRIAPODA 57 from the John Day Valley, Oregon, and are described as having the carinae and last segment yellow. CHONAPHE ERUCA (Wood) . Polydesmiis eruca WOOD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 8, 1864; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., xill, p. 227, 1865. Strongylosoma eruca BOLLMAN, Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 122, 1893. The generic position of this species can not be determined with con- fidence, but there need be no doubt that it belongs with the present series of American genera, rather than with the European genus Strongylosoma Brandt. This disposes of a long-standing anomaly of distribution, since no other species of Strongylosoma, nor anything related to it, is known from North America. The present species is assigned to the genus Chonaphe on the basis of three female specimens collected by Prof. C. V. Piper at Pullman, Washington, which may prove to be females of Chonaphe armata, though they are distinctly more robust and convex, and with the carina3 proportionally much smaller than the females of other species of the related genera. They agree fairly well with Wood's description, except in color, which is very pale grayish, slightly tinged with brownish in one individual. Wood's specimens were also all females, and as they, as well as the type of Harger's species, were from Oregon, the presumption of spe- cific identity is somewhat strengthened, though the degree of sexual dimorphism which this would imply is rather unusual among the Diplopoda. Isaphe gen. nov. Type. Isaphe convexa, from Idaho. Antennae subfiliform ; joints 2 to 5 equal, joint 6 slightly longer and thicker than the others ; olfactory cones 4. First segment semielliptic, nearly as broad as the second, about twice as wide as long. Lateral carinas rather narrower than in related genera ; posterior corner rounded, produced only on a few posterior segments. Repugnatorial pores sublateral, opening in small pits of the outer slope of the strongly thickened margins of the carinaa ; pore formula normal. Gonapods with basal joint moderately prominent ; second joint with a somewhat bulbous base on which are inserted two long, slender, tapering prongs nearly equal in length and size, and strongly connivent at the apex. The dorsal convexity is notably greater than in other West Ameri- 58 COOK can genera. The much rounded carinse suggest those of Hybaphe curtipes, but the gonapods are so unlike as to forbid the inference of close relationship. Females have the carina? still further reduced. ISAPHE CONVEXA sp. nov. (pi. iv, figs. la, i.) Type. No. 788, U. S. Nat. Mus. Collected by John B. Leiberg in Kootenai County, Idaho, August, 1890. Length of male about 30 mm. ; width 5.3 mm. ; length of antenna 4.3 mm. ; of leg 4 mm. Color in alcohol brown, darkest across the middle of the segment ; carinae yellowish, also a transverse band occupying the middle third of the posterior margin of each segment. The lighter area is larger and less distinctly defined on posterior segments. Surface of segments smooth and shining. Gonapods with extremely long bristles arising from the basal por- tion of the second joint. The prongs are of nearly equal length, the anterior being somewhat more slender, and having a double curve near the base, while the other is simply arcuate. A male and two female specimens were collected by Mr. Leiberg. Hybaphe gen. nov. Type. Hybaphe tersa, from State of Washington. Related to Isaphe and to Harpaphe', from the former it differs in the less convex dorsum and in the very small and spine-like anterior ramus of the gonapod. The posterior branch is much longer and is much more curved than in Isaphe. From Harpaphe the present genus is distinct in the strongly rounded posterior corners of the carinse, and in the long, strongly decurved, subterete gonapods. HYBAPHE TERSA sp. nov. (pi. iv, fig. 3#.) Type. No. 789, U. S. Nat. Mus. Collected by C. V. Piper at Almota, Washington. Length of male 37 mm. ; width 6 mm. ; length of antenna 5.3 mm. ; length of leg from middle of body 5.5 mm., with claw 6 mm. Color of alcoholic specimen dark grayish-brown ; carinae yellowish ; legs very dull reddish ; antennae much darker reddish, except at the yellowish articulations. MYRIAPODA 59 The yellow areas of the carinac are narrower than in H. curtipes, especially in the middle and front of the segment ; the dark color of the posterior margin is also more distinct than in that species. HYBAPHE CURTIPES sp. nov. Type. No. 790, U. S. Nat. Mus. Collected at Pullman, Washing- ton, by C. V. Piper. Length of male about 33 mm. ; "width 5 mm. ; length of leg with- out claw 4.4 mm. ; with claw 4.6 mm. ; length of female about 36 mm. ; width 5.7 mm. ; length of leg of female 5 mm. ; claw .3 mm. Color in alcohol grayish or greenish-brown, more or less marbled ; carinae yellow, the yellow area larger and apparently brighter colored than in H. tersa. The small and weak legs of the male of this species are, perhaps, the most conspicuous difference between it and H. tersa. Additional diagnostic features are to be found in the small size of the body, the more convex dorsum, the narrower and more rounded carinaa, with a larger yellow area. The reduction of the carinaa becomes particularly noticeable on the posterior segments, only a few of which have the corners produced, and that but slightly, in comparison with the large projecting angles of H. tersa. The thickened margin of the carinas, on the other hand, is more pronounced in the present species, and the poriferous cavity is larger ; in other \vords, the body characters which separate Hybaphe tersa from Harpaphe haydeniana are accentuated in Hybaphe curtipes. Harpaphe gen. nov. Type. Harpaphe haydeniana (Harger) from Oregon. Closely related to the two preceding genera, but of larger size and more robust habit. The posterior angles of the carinae, instead of be- ing rounded, are distinctly produced, and the slender, terete, posterior ramus of the gonapods of Isaphe and Hybaphe is replaced in Har- paphe by a very short, robust, flattened and blade-like armature, to which the generic name alludes. Whether the generic is too high a rank to assign to these groups of species can only be determined at a considerably more advanced stage of the study of the Diplopoda of the Northwest. HARPAPHE HAYDENIANA (Wood), (pi. iv, figs. 4, 4fb, 4c.) Polydesmus haydenianus WOOD, Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., p. 10, 1864 ; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., xm, p. 226, 1865. Leptodesmus haydenianus BOLLMAN, Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 122, 1893. 60 COOK Type collected in Oregon, apparently by the Hayden Expedition. The specimen is probably no longer in existence ; many of the Myria- pods studied by Wood were destroyed by fire in the Smithsonian Insti- tution. This species was secured by the Harriman Expedition at Lowe Inlet, B. C. For comparison the U. S. National Museum has a spec- imen from Portland, Oregon, and several from Comox Lake, Van- couver Island, the male from which the figures were drawn being from this locality. In addition to the notes given below with H. intaminata, it may be said that the dorsum of what is taken to be the true Polydcsmus haydeniana is somewhat less convex, much more distinctly rugulose, and of a more distinctly brown color than that of the California specimens. The last segment is abruptly narrowed below the very narrow subcylindric apex, which is tipped with brown. The sides of this segment and the adjacent parts of the anal valves are yellowish. No differences in the gonapods were detected, and it seems strange that nobody has suggested the reduction of intaminata as a synonym of haydeniana, A female specimen collected by Mr. A. D. Hopkins in June, 1902, in a dense forest of the Olympic Mountains (No. 1062), is nearly black in color, with the yellow areas of the carina? smaller than usual and the corners of the posterior carinae somewhat more produced. The last segment is slightly constricted just below the truncate apex, and has a slight prominence on each side above the constriction ; the tip is dark brown. HARPAPHE INTAMINATA (Karsch). Polydesmus (Oxyttrus) intaminatus KARSCH, Troschel's Archiv f. Naturg., XLVII, p. 41, 1881. Leptodesnnts intaminatus ATTEMS, Denkschr. Kais. Acad. Wien., LXVII, p. 387, pi. vi, fig. 135, 1898. Type in the Berlin Museum ; from California. This species may easily prove to be a synonym of H. haydeniana, but from the material studied it appears that California representatives of this genus differ from Oregon specimens in having the dorsal sur- faces smooth and shining, instead of distinctly coriaceous. The yel- low areas of the carina? are also somewhat larger and more brightly colored. The last segment is shorter and not produced at apex ; in color the apex is yellow throughout, but the sides and anal valves are dark. Neither Wood nor Karsch gives definite localities. Attems studied specimens from Sisson, at the b?.se of Mount Shasta, in northern Cali- fornia, and also examined Karsch's type, though he does not say that MYRIAPODA 6 1 his description and figure were based upon it. Karsch gives a meas- urement of 30 mm. and Attems 34-36 mm. by 5.5 mm. ; but the U. S. National Museum has California specimens 38 mm. by 6 mm., col- lected by Ehrhorn at Mountain View. Family POLYDESMID^E. It was formerly customary to refer to this family all the members of the order Merocheta, but as now limited it consists largely of temper- ate forms of rather small size, the more intimate relatives of the cir- cumpolar genus Polydesmus. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE NORTHWEST AMERICAN GENERA OF POLYDESMID^E. Body composed of nineteen segments ; dorsum convex, rough with several transverse rows of conic granules Genus Scytonotus. Body with twenty segments ; dorsum nearly flat, ornamented with three rows of convex areas Genus Polydesmus. Genus Scytonotus C. L. Koch. Scytonotus C. L. KOCH, System der Myriapoden, p. 130, 1847. Young and female specimens of a Scytonotus were collected by the Harriman Expedition at Yakutat Bay, Sitka, and Juneau, but without adult males their relationship to the eastern Scytonotus granulatus can not be determined. The figures of Scytonotus shown in plate HI were made from a specimen from the Northwest, in the belief that it was a new species. Subsequently the vial was misplaced, so that the preparation of a comparative description must be deferred. Genus Polydesmus Latreille. Polydesmus LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. des Crust, et d. Ins., HI, p. 44, 1802, and vii, p. 77, 1804. It is to be expected that Polydesmus will be found in Alaska, but in the forest region of the southern part, rather than upon the coasts and islands visited by the Harriman Expedition. POLYDESMUS CERASINUS Wood. Polydesmus cerasinus WOOD, Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., 1864, p. 6; Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., xiil, p. 217, 1865. This species was described from Oregon, and specimens apparently referable to it are included in the collection sent by Prof. C. V. Piper, from the State of Washington. 62 COOK Order Colobognatha. The order Colobognatha contains a small series of peculiar Diplo- poda, very different, even in external appearance, from other members of the class. The segments are very short, compact, and numerous. The body is also distinctly flattened, and the projecting sides conceal the legs, so that the Colobognatha are particularly liable to be over- looked as worms, grubs, or slugs. Family POLYZONIIDvE. There are several tropical families of Colobognatha, but the Poly- zoniidae are a north-temperate group common to both hemispheres. The complete distinctness of the Diplopod faunas of the two sides of North America is strikingly exemplified by the fact that while the Eastern Polyzonium rosalbum is closely similar to the European P. germanicum, there is a new and very distinct genus in the State of Washington to which the attention of collectors in the Northwest should be directed. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE GENERA OF POLYZONIID^E. Segments strongly depressed, the dorsum nearly horizontal ; head broadly rounded ; segments 20 Genus Platyzonium. Segments strongly convex; head conical ; segments 30 to 50. Last segment covered and exceeded by the large, broadly rounded, penultimate segment; segments 30 Genus Hypozonium. Last segment exposed and projecting beyond the distinctly emar- ginate posterior edge of the penultimate ; segments variable in number, adults commonly with 40 to 50 Genus Polyzonium. Hypozonium gen. nov. The new member of the Polyzoniidae suggests the European Platyzo- nium getschmannii (Zool. Anzeiger, No. 488, p. 426, 1895), rather than Polyzonium. The body is more convex than in Platyzonium, though much less so than in Polyzonium. The body cavity is nearly semicircular in Polyzonium, and about twice as wide as high, but in Hypozonium it is over three times as wide as high, and has the outer corners very narrow. The lateral angles can scarcely be called carinas in the present family, since they are not projections from the sides of cylindrical segments, as in the Merocheta and Coelocheta, but are a direct result of the dorsoventral compression of the body. Among the Merocheta the power of rolling up spirally depends largely upon the MYRIAPODA 63 shortness of the interlocking parts of the segments, but the segments of the Polyzoniidae are already extremely short, and the relative flexi- bility of the body in the vertical plane is evidently greater in Hypo- zonium than in the much thicker Polyzonium. An even more striking difference between Polyzonium and Hypo- zonium exists in the fact that the last segment, which in Polyzonium is distinctly visible from above as a narrow projection, is in Hypo- zonium entirely concealed and greatly exceeded by the large trapezoidal penultimate segment. In Polyzonium the penultimate segment is slightly longer, and of the same shape as the others, but in Hypo- zonium it is over three times the normal length, and is not emargi- nate behind, but broadly rounded. The last segment is very minute and is concealed in a recess between the oblique and rather prominent pleurae of the penultimate segment. HYPOZONIUM ANURUM sp. nov. (pi. V, figs. la-id.) Type. No. 791, U. S. Nat. Museum. Collected at Seattle, Wash- ington, by C. V. Piper. Length about 7 mm. ; width 2.5 mm. ; 30 segments. Color in alcohol a deep brownish-orange, closer examination shows that the tint is not uniform, but is darker and somewhat mottled on the posterior subsegments. The antennae are dark, with a purplish tinge. In form they are ex- tremely robust, more so than in Polyzonium, and much more so than in Platyzonium. The joints are more unequal in size than in Poly- zonium; basal joint short, the sixth much the largest, and the seventh reduced to a stopper-like disk which fits into the end of the sixth and is not visible from the side. Eye-spots farther apart than in Polyzonium; ocelli three on each side, in a somewhat obliquely vertical row, the upper farther apart than the lower, but not in a direction so divergent as those of Polyzonium. The upper ocellus is concealed under the margin of the first segment. The lateral margins and posterior corners of the segments are much more prominent and rounded than in Polyzonizim, where the sides of the body are a nearly even, continuous line. Order Anocheta. Cylindrical Diplopoda, mostly of large size. They differ from all except the Colobognatha in having legs on all the anterior segments, 64 COOK in having one pair instead of two on segment 5. From the Colobog- natha they are distinct in the cylindrical body, with completely hardened segmental rings, in having the mouth-parts well developed and adapted for chewing, and in having the anterior pair of legs of segment 7 modi- fied into gonapods, instead of having eight normal legs in front of the gonapods, as in the Colobognatha. The large cylindrical Myriapods so common in tropical countries belong to two distinct series formerly treated as constituting two colos- sal related genera, Spirobolus and Spirostreptus, but now recognized as having little in common, and assigned to the separate orders, Ano- cheta and Diplocheta. Only the former extends into temperate re- gions, and this only in North America and eastern Asia. And since the Chinese Anocheta are very similar to those of temperate North America, and may have been derived from them, the absence of tem- perate Anocheta from other parts of the Old World, and the relatively great abundance and diversity of the Anocheta of the American trop- ics in comparison with those of the Old World, may be taken as indi- cations of an American origin for the order as a whole, though its cosmopolitan distribution must have been attained at a very remote period. Family SPIROBOLHXE. The Anocheta are not separated into families, but there are numer- ous genera, and those of temperate North America are distinct from the tropical genus Spirobolus, in which they have thus far been in- cluded. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE NORTH AMERICAN GENERA OF SPIROBOLID^E. Anal valves strongly inflated and evenly convex, the margins not prominent ; second segment not projecting below the lateral cor- ners of the first ; males with claws of anterior legs as long as the distal joint ; Genus Oriychelus. Anal valves with prominent thickened margins ; second segment with a prominent angle directed downward and forward beyond the lateral corners of the first segment ; males with claws of anterior legs not hypertrophied. Body slender, over ten times as long as broad ; legs long, projecting beyond the sides of the body ; anterior legs of male with third joint much larger than the second, on pairs 4 to 7 strongly compressed and with a thin ventral edge Genus Arctobolus? 'Anew genus, based on Arctobolus onondaga sp. nov. The type, collected at Kirkville, Onondaga County, New York, in June, 1895, is 65 mm. long by 5.3 MYRIAPODA 65 Body robust, less than eight times as long as broad ; legs short, en- tirely concealed by the body from above ; anterior legs of male with third joint normal and shorter than the second. Genus Tylobolus. Tylobolus gen. nov. Type. Tylobolus deses sp. nov., from California. Antennae accommodated by a deep excavation in the head and mandibulary stipe ; not concealed under the first segment. First segment scarcely emarginate on each side in front to accom- modate the prominent posterior corner of the head. Second segment below on each side with a thick oblique ventral ridge or keel enlarged in front into a rounded process projecting below the corner of the first segment as a stout rounded corner. Segments with a very slight transverse constriction, the posterior sub- segment scarcely thicker or more convex than the anterior ; repugna- torial pores located in the constriction ; posterior subsegments with a short and indistinct longitudinal groove behind the pore. Anal valves prominent and swollen near the margins. Males with coxa of the third leg produced into a large hook, directed forward ; coxa of fourth leg prominent, the others scarcely so. Gonapods with ventral plate broadly triangular or rounded ; anterior lobes blunt, tuberculate on the anterior face mesad. Posterior gonapods rather simple, strongly curved, ending in a cylindrical pilose spine. The ventral rim of the seventh segment is low, as in Arctobolus. TYLOBOLUS DESES sp. nov. (pi. in, figs. 3-3//.) Type. No. 796, U. S. Nat. Mus. Collected in California by Mr. Carl F. Baker. Related to Tylobolus hebes (Bollman), but the body smaller, less robust, and more gradually narrowed caudad, and the apex of the posterior gonapods slender. Length of males about 40 mm. ; width 5 to 5.5 mm. ; length of females 45 to 50 mm. ; diameter 6 to 6.5. Segments 44 to 46. mm. broad, with 55 segments. Color very dark, dull green, the posterior mar- gins of the segments banded with dull red ; legs uniform deep red. The first two pairs of legs are strongly crassate in the male and the coxse of pairs 3 to 7 are produced ventrad, but lack the larger hooked processes found in Tylobolus. The present species is abundant in favorable locations in central New York. It differs from the more southern Arctobolus marginatus (Say) in the smaller size, more slender body, more uniform and darker color, and in the more dis- tinct punctation of the surface of the segments. The basal joint of the gonapod is sinuate or emarginate laterad, instead of evenly convex as in A. marginatus. 66 COOK Color walnut to mars brown and seal brown ; posterior margins of segments in some specimens darker and in others lighter ; legs some- what paler than body, but of the same color. Young specimens with a slight reddish or pinkish tinge. Clypeus usually with four setiferous punctations on each side ; often with five, rarely with three, and in such instances the numbers of the two sides generally unequal. First segment with lateral corners sharper and more produced than in T. hebes, so that the processes of the second segment appear some- what shorter than in that species. Segments with transverse and other sutures less distinct than in T. hebes, but the surface somewhat more distinctly punctate and with very minute and irregular furrows and striae. The coarser longitudinal or oblique striations of the ventral sui'face of the segments cease well below the pores, especially caudad. The posterior transverse suture curves backward to pass around the pore. The posterior part of the body tapers more than in T. hebes, though less in some individuals than in others, since two or three of the rear segments are sometimes much shortened or compacted together. Anal valves rather more prominent, thick, and swollen than in T. hebes. Gonapods differing from those of T. hebes, as described by Boll- man, in having the mesial part of the anterior lobe shorter than the ventral plate, and the apex of the posterior lobe turned outward. The posterior gonapod differs also in that the apex is long, subcylindric, and pilose, instead of "small, thick, and rounded, beneath produced into two serrated plates." Fifteen specimens were examined, nine of which are mature males. They were probably collected in the vicinity of Palo Alto, though the vials contain no indications of locality, other than ' California.' A single female nearly 70 mm. long and 8 mm. wide may represent a distinct species, though closely resembling the others, except in the much greater size. TYLOBOLUS HEBES Bollman. Spirobohts hebes BOLLMAN, Entomologica Americana, n, p. 228, 1887; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 31, 1887; Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., pp. 50, 65, 1893. This species belongs undoubtedly to the present genus, and seems to be very closely allied to the preceding. The National Museum seems to possess only the female of the original pair described by MYRIAPODA 67 Bollman. This animal is peculiar in the unusually great accentuation of the sutures of the segments, which are marked by grooves visible to the naked eye. TYLOBOLUS UNCIGERUS (Wood). Spirobolus uncigerus Wood, Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., p. 15, 1864 ; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., xin, p. 209, 1865. BOLLMAN, Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 49- l8 93- The specimens studied by Bollman are in the National Museum, and belong to this genus. As a species, T. uncigerus is more slen- der than the two preceding, and may also be separated by the charac- ters of the gonapods as shown in Wood's figure. The apex of the ventral plate and the corners of the anterior lobes are much more an- gular than in T. deses. A young female specimen in the National Museum collected by S. C. Brown at Corvallis, Oregon, evidently belongs to Tylobohis, and is more similar to T. uncigerus than to the other species. Onychelus gen. nov. Type, Onychelus obustus sp. nov. Antennae accommodated by a shallow excavation of the head and mandibulary stipe ; not concealed under the first segment. First segment distinctly emarginate on each side in front, to accom- modate the very prominent posterior corners of the head. Second segment without ventral processes. Segments with a distinct transverse constriction, the posterior sub- segment distinctly thicker and more convex than the anterior ; repug- natorial pores located in front of the constriction ; pores followed on posterior subsegments by a very distinct longitudinal sulcus. Anal valves strongly inflated, evenly convex, not more prominent near the margins as in Tylobolus, not greatly exceeding the short, broadly rounded apex of the last segment. Anterior legs of male with claws very large, as long as the distal joint ; first two pairs strongly crassate ; legs 3 to 7 with coxae only slightly produced; second joints with a rounded prominence below distad ; other joints normal. Gonapods with ventral plate produced into a rather narrow tongue nearly as long as the anterior lobes ; posterior gonapods slender, simple. Seventh segment with a transverse ventral crest. 68 COOK ONYCHELUS OBUSTUS sp. nov. Type. No. 797, U. S. Nat. Mus. Collected in the Colorado desert by C. R. Orcutt. Length of male 38 mm., width 3.8 mm. ; female 39 mm. by 4.2 mm. Colors in alcohol black and dull yellow or clay-color. Segments in front of posterior suture dull black to below the pores ; posterior zone reddish above, the ventral surface, legs, and antennae clay-color. Clypeal foveolae five on each side ; some distance above the foveola two oblique rows of small irregular depressions, the rows converging upward. First segment with a very distinctly raised anterior margin extending from the lateral corners to near the eyes where the limiting groove bends inward and is suddenly obliterated. The edge is concave along the raised margin, to accommodate the inflated angle of the head, and the lateral corner is rather pointed. Segments nearly smooth above ; in front of the constriction they are quite even, but the black surface does not shine. Behind they are ab- ruptly thicker and distinctly convex ; the surface shines, though it is less even, being marked by indistinct and irregular longitudinal shallow grooves or depressions. The suture of the median line is marked by a fine sulcus, and that behind the pore is deep and distinct. The longitud- inal grooves become more distinct below the pores, and pass gradually into the normal strictions more than half way down to the legs. Pleural sutures distinct, but less so than the others. The surface of the anterior part of each segment below is ornamented with a delicate network which takes the place of the concentric striations. Last segment very broadly and evenly rounded, the surface inflated and convex, both above and on the sides. Anal valves evenly convex, polished, and shining. Gonapods with ventral plate and mesial corners of anterior lobes much produced ; lateral lobes broadly triangular, the short apex turned outward ; posterior gonapods concealed, slender, simple, falcate. Numerous specimens of both sexes have been examined. They are entangled with numerous cactus spines, indicating an intimate associa- tion with these plants. Order Ccelocheta. The Crelocheta are a distinctly temperate and boreal group, and are probably represented by several species in Alaska. The creatures are small and unusually agile, and are poorly represented in collections. This applies especially to the suborder Chordeumatoidea, many of MYRIAPODA 69 which are natives of alpine districts of limited area. Thus far but two species of this group are known from the northwestern region Cono- tyla atrolineata (Bollman), from Alaska, and C. glomerata (Harger), from Oregon. Genus Conotyla Cook & Collins. Conotyla COOK & COLLINS, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., ix, p. 70, 1895. CONOTYLA ATROLINEATA (Bollman). Craspedosoma atrolineatum BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., x, p. 618, 1887; Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., pp. 35, 183, 1893. Conotyla atrolineata COOK & COLLINS, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., ix, p. 75, 1895. The type of this species was collected at Glacier Bay, Alaska. CONOTYLA GLOMERATA (Harger). Trichopetalum glomeratum HARGER, Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts, iv, p. 118, 1872. Craspedosoma glomeratum BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., x, p. 619, 1887; Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., pp. 36, 120, 1893. Conotyla glomerata COOK & COLLINS, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., ix, p. 78, 1895. u A single specimen of this species was collected by the writer in the valley of the John Day River, Oregon, in October, 1871 " (Harger). Order Zygocheta. Diplopoda with 30 segments and upward, the ventral plates generally adnate to but never coalesced with the dorsal part of the exoskeleton. Seminal apertures located in a pair of adnate external ducts inserted below the second pair of legs. The gnathochilarium has the stripes in contact between the mentum and promentum. The north-temperate order Zygocheta has superficial similarity to the tropical Anocheta and Diplocheta, but nearly all the details of structural specialization are different. There are three families of Zygocheta in eastern North America, the Isobatidse, the true Julidas, and the Parajulidas, but only the last is known from the Northwest. Family PARAJULIDJE. First pair of legs of male strongly hypertrophied and crassate, the second pair atrophied ; gonapods exserted. In the true Julidae of Europe and eastern North America the males have the first pair of legs atrophied and the gonapods are entirely concealed within the body cavity. 7O COOK The Parajulidae are a distinctively American group, though not with- out representatives in eastern Asia. 1 The true Julidae, though having their headquarters in Europe, are cosmopolitan in the north-temperate zone ; that no relative of Parajulus has reached Europe seems to in- dicate that these are a more recent group than the true Julidas, or that their opportunities of distribution have been more limited. The fact that Parajulus was originally described from Mexico is perhaps a reason why it has been considered less boreal, as it were, than the Julidae, though the greatest development of the Parajulidas occurs in the United States. The finding of a member of this family in Alaska not only greatly extends the known distribution of the group, but also ranges it as a boreal if not a circumpolar type, since it is already known from the Hudson Bay region of British America. Genus Parajulus Humbert & Saussure. Parajulus HUMBERT & SAUSSURE, Rev. et Mag. Zool., p. 155, 1869= PARAJULUS ALASKANUS sp. nov. (pi. v, figs, ^a-^k.) Type. No. 792, U. S. Nat. Mus. Collected at Metlakatla, Alaska, June, 1899, by the Harriman Expedition. Length about 30 mm. ; width 1.5 mm. ; segments 43 to 48. Color very dark brown or black, nearly uniform throughout, though sometimes mottled with grayish or pinkish in young or recently moulted specimens. The gonapods show that this is allied, though not very closely, to Parajulus furcifer (Julus furcifer Harger), but in this the colum- nar lateral parts are apparently longer and more slender, while the prongs of the inner ramus of Harger's figure are lacking. The color of the animal as a whole is also very much darker than indicated in Harger's description. In addition to the type, this species was obtained by the Harriman Expedition at Juneau, Sitka, and Yakutat Bay. PARAJULUS FURCIFER (Harger). (pi. v, figs. 5-5e.) lulus furcifer HARGER, Jour. Sci. and Arts, iv, p. 119, 1872. Harger's original specimens were collected in the John Day Valley, 1 A Parajulus has been described by Mr. Pocock from southeastern Corea. (Parajulus coreanus Pocock, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, xv, p. 365, pi. xi, f. 12, I2a, 1895.) MYRIAPODA 7 1 Oregon, October, 1871 ; those represented in our figures at Corvallis, Oregon, November, 1895, by S. C. Brown. Class CHILOPODA. As a group the Chilopoda are less distinctively tropical than the Diplopoda. They are all carnivorous animals, of active habits, and the genera and species have a very wide distribution. They are more tenacious of life than the Diplopoda, and several species have already become cosmopolitan through human agency. They are thus of dis- tinctly less interest from the standpoint of distributional studies. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE ORDERS OF CHILOPODA. Spiracles in a single series, located in the dorsal median line ; tarsi long and whip-like, composed of very numerous small joints. Order SCHIZOTARSI. Spiracles in two lateral series ; tarsi few-jointed. Body hatched with 7 pairs of legs, with 15 pairs when mature. Order ANAMORPHA. Body hatched with its full complement of 21 or more pairs of legs. Order EPIMORPHA. Order Schizotarsi. The Schizotarsi include the single genus Scutigera, the members of which are all normally tropical or subtropical, though one species, S'cutigera forceps, has established itself widely in the continuously warm buildings of American cities, doubtless including those of the Northwest. The strangely elongated, many-jointed tarsi are very dex- trously employed in catching and holding the flies and perhaps other insects on which Scutigera feeds. Order Anamorpha. This order consists principally of the large temperate genus Litho- bins, many species of which have been found in high latitudes in Europe, Siberia, and North America. Family LITHOBIID^E. Genus Lithobius Leach. Lithobius LEACH, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xi, pt. 2, p. 381, 1815. LITHOBIUS STEJNEGERI Bollman. Lithobius stejnegeri BOLLMAN, Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 199, 1893. 72 COOK Bering Island, July-August, 1897 (Dr. Stejneger, Mr. Barrett-Ham- ilton) ; Copper Island, August, 1897 (Mr. Barrett-Hamilton). This species belongs to the subgenus Archilithobius, and seems to have not very distant relatives among several species described from Siberia by Stuxberg. This larger suite of specimens shows consider- able variation in color, some individuals being quite deep purplish-red, while others are rather light brownish. Females of both colors were examined, and the shape of the genital forceps seemed to be identical. LITHOBIUS SULCIPES .Stuxberg. LWwbius sulcipes STUXBERG, Ofv. vet. Akad. forh., 21, 1876. BOLLMAN, Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 199, 1893. Bering Island. Taken in 1883 by Dr. Stejneger. Order Epimorpha. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SUBORDERS OF EPIMORPHA. Segments 21 or 23 ; not all provided with spiracles. Suborder SCOLOPENDROIDEA. Segments 31 and upward; spiracles in a continuous series. Suborder GEOPHILOIDEA. Suborder SCOLOPENDROIDEA. The more conspicuous representatives of this group are the large tropical centipedes, but there are numerous genera of small Scolopen- droidea, some of which are native in temperate regions. The genus Cryptops is widely distributed in both hemispheres, and will probably be found in the Northwest. Family SCOLOPOCRYPTOPHLE. Genus Otocryptops Haase. Otocryptops HAASE, Abh. Ber. Zool. Anthrop. Mus. Dresden, No. 5, p. 96, 1887. This genus was separated from Scolopocryptops Newport because of the absence of spiracles from the seventh segment. The type is O. r2ibi- ginosa (L. Koch), a native of China and Japan not remotely related to the following widespread North American species. Haase looked upon Otocryptops as a distinctively Asiatic genus, but it seems rather to have originated in America, where other species of Otocryptops and all the related 23-segmented Chilopoda are found. Of the latter there MYRIAPODA 73 are three genera, Scolopocryptops, Ne-ivportia, and Scolopendrides, all confined to the tropics. OTOCRYPTOPS SEXSPINOSUS (Say) Pocock. Cryptops sexspinosa SAY, Jour. Phila. Acad., II, p. 112, 1821. Scolopocryptops 6-spinosa NEWPORT, Linn. Trans., p. 407 ; Cat. Myr. Brit. Mus., p. 57, 1856. Scolopocryptops sexspinosus MEINERT, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., p. 179, 1886 ; Myr. Mus. Haun., in, p. 14, 1886. BOLLMAN, Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 177, 1893. Otocryptops punctatus POCOCK, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 6, 8, vill, p. 159, 1891. Otocryptops sexspinosits POCOCK, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 6, xv, p. 351, 1895. Suborder GEOPPIILOIDEA. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE NORTHWEST AMERICAN FAMILIES OF GEOPHILOIDEA. Body attenuated in front; cephalic lamina and the broad prebasal lamina covering the prehensorial legs Family LINOT^ENIID.E. Body as broad or broader in front than behind ; prehensorial legs partially exposed at the sides of the cephalic lamina. Mandibles without dentate lamellae Family GEOPHILID.E. Mandibles with dentate lamelke Family SCHENDYLID.E. Family LINOT^ENIID^. A group confined, so far as known, to the temperate and arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The New World species seem to be generically distinct from those of the Old World in details of mouth parts, but externally they are closely similar. The head is pro- portionally much smaller than in the other northern families of the Geophiloidea, giving the animals a habit more similar to the Mediter- ranean genus Dignathodon and to the tropical family Ballophilidae, than to the Geophilidas and the Schendylidae. Genus Tomotaenia Cook. Tomotcenia COOK, Am. Naturalist, xxix, p. 866, 1895. TOMOT^NIA CHIONOPHILA (Wood). Strigamia chionophila WOOD, Jour. Phila. Acad. Sci., v, p. 50, 1862 ; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., xin, p. 189, 1865. Scolioplanes chionophilus MEINERT, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., xxi, p. 223, 1885. 74 COOK Linottznia chionophila BOLLMAN, Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 123, 1893. COOK, The Fur Seal and Fur-Seal Islands of the North Pacific Ocean, pt. 4, 350, 1898. Tomofania chionophila COOK, Am. Naturalist, xxix, p. 866, 1895. The Harriman Expedition secured numerous specimens of this species at Popof Island, Sitka, Lowe Inlet, and at Karluk on Kadiak Island. It is apparently very common in some localities. The U. S. National Museum has two vials containing more than fifty specimens each from St. Paul Island, Pribilof Islands, and from Unalaska, col- lected by Professor Kincaid in 1897. Dr. Leonhard Stejneger secured this species on Bering Island, and Mr. Barrett-Hamilton on Copper Island. Among the numerous specimens of Escarytts sibiricus in the Ham- burg Museum are a few individuals of this or a closely allied species collected at Vladivostock, Siberia, by Graeser. A female in this lot has 43 pairs of legs. Family GEOPHILID^E. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE WEST AMERICAN GENERA OF GEOPHILID^E. Cephalic lamina much longer than broad ; prehensorial sternum with- out lateral sulci ; sterna with three longitudinal impressed lines. Genus Mecistocephalus. Cephalic lamina but little broader than long; prehensorial sternum with lateral sulci ; anterior sterna with deep, oval, median excava- tions. Genus Geophilus. Genus Mecistocephalus Newport. Mecistocephalus NEWPORT, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, cxix, p. 178, 1842. COOK, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvin, p. 60, 1895. A genus of circumpolar distribution. It is often treated merely as a very distinct species of Geophilus, but may prove not to be monotypic. MECISTOCEPHALUS ATTENUATUS (Say). Geophilus attennatus SAY, Jour. Phila. Acad., n, p. 114, 1821. Geophilus femtgineus C. L. KOCH, Deutschl. Crust. Myr. u. Arach., heft in 1835- Pachymerium ferrugineum C. L. KOCH, System der Myriapoden, p. 187, 1847. Mecistocephalus ferrnginens NEWPORT, Cat. Myr. Brit. Museum, p. Si, 1856. Mecistocephalus attenuatus COOK, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvin, p. 60, 1895. In size, color, and habit this species has a gross similarity to Geo- philus alaskanus, described below, but detailed comparison will show many striking differences. The femur and claw of the prehensorial legs are armed withdenticules, and the prehensorial sternum is without MYRIAPODA 75 lateral sulci. The cephalic lamina is long and narrow, and the basal lamina is also much narrower, being but twice as broad as long, instead of three times, as in Geophilus. The sterna lack the large median depressions, but are marked with three shallow longitudinal grooves. The Harriman Expedition secured this species at Yakutat Bay ; the U. S. National Museum has a specimen from St. Paul Island, Pribilof Islands, collected by T. Kincaid in 1897. The Yakutat Bay material consists of a mature female and several recently hatched young. The female has 47 pairs of legs. Genus Geophilus Leach. Geophilus LEACH, Linn. Trans., xi, p. 384, 1815. A large genus of mostly temperate species, much in need of critical revision. GEOPHILUS ALASKANUS sp. nov. Type. No. 793, U. S. Nat. Mus. ; collected by the Harriman Ex- pedition at Sitka, Alaska, June, 1899 (No. 47) ; a single specimen. Length about 30 mm. ; width .75 mm. ; male with 53 segments. Color in alcohol rather dull orange brown. Cephalic lamina oblong, somewhat longer than broad ; frontal lamina completely coalesced ; prebasal lamina not exposed ; basal lamina broader than the cephalic. Prehensorial sternum broader than long ; lateral sulci distinct ; pro- sternal teeth obsolete ; coxas unarmed ; claw unarmed at base. Dorsal surface naked and smooth, except for two very faint impressed lines. Sterna, beginning with the second, with very deep oval median depressions, becoming shallow at the middle of the body and obsolete caudad. Last sternum trapezoidal, slightly longer than broad, the lateral edges nearly straight and the posterior margin squarely truncate. Pleura? of last segment rather small, marked with S or 10 pigmented pores, of which the posterior one of the ventral face is larger than the others and is sunk in a deep cavity. First pair of legs very small ; last pair in male distinctly larger and more robust than the others, but scarcely crassate ; armed with a claw of nearly normal size. The deep color of this species suggests Mecistocephahis attenuatus, but the head is distinctly that of a Geophilus. 76 COOK Family SCHENDYLID-E. The Schendylida2 are a circumpolar family rather closely related to the true Geophilidse, but apparently forming a distinct and rather com- pact group. The typical genus Schendyla is widely distributed in North America, as well as in Europe and North Africa. There is a second genus in the Mediterranean region, a third in West Africa, and a fourth in Madagascar. The American tropics have furnished as yet no representative of this family, though Pectiniunguis is known from the Florida Keys and from Lower California. In addition to that noticed below, there is a fourth American genus {Holitys) from the Organ Mountains of New Mexico. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE NORTH AMERICAN GENERA OF SCHENDYLID^E. Ventral pores wanting Genus Escaryus. Ventral pores present, in a circular median area. Anal legs armed with a normal claw Genus Holitys. Claw of anal legs rudimentary or wanting. Claw of maxillary palpus simple ; mandibles with a single dentate lamella ; last joint of anal legs much reduced. Genus Schendyla. Claw of maxillary palpus pectinate ; mandibles with 3 dentate lamellae ; last joint of anal legs as long or longer than the penultimate Genus Pectiniunguis. Genus Escaryus Cook & Collins. Escaryus COOK & COLLINS, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xm, p. 391, 1890. This genus was described originally from New York, but is prob- ably distributed widely in eastern North America, and is also known to exist in northeastern Asia. 1 It differs from Schendyla, the only re- lated genus of similar distribution, in having the last joint of the anal legs of normal size and armed with a claw, and in the absence of ventral pores. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ESCARYUS. Females with 41 pairs of legs E. urbicus (Meinert). Females with 45-51 pairs of legs. Length 60 mm. and upward; claw of anal leg much smaller than the others E. sibiricus Cook. 1 Escaryus sibiricus Cook, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, iv, p. 304, 1899. MYRIAPODA 77 Length less than 30 mm. ; claw of anal legs of nearly normal size. Last sternum nearly as broad as long, much narrowed behind; pleural pores 5 or 6 on each side E. albus sp. nov. Last sternum narrow, oblong, scarcely narrowed behind ; pleural pores about 17 on each side E. liber Cook & Collins. ESCARYUS ALBUS sp. nov. Type. No. 794, U. S. Nat. Mus. Collected at St. Paul, Pribilof Islands, by T. Kincaid in 1897. Size, habit, and color of Schendyla nemorensis, but with the last legs nearly normal and armed with a normal claw, the anal pores pres- ent and the pleural pores numerous. Length 17 mm. : width .7 mm. ; female with 45 pairs of legs. Color waxy white, under the microscope delicate and subtransparent in texture. Last sternum trapezoidal, about as broad as long, but much narrower behind than in front ; pleural pores 5 or 6 on each side, differing some- what in size, and placed without regularity. Legs short and subconic ; the last pair six-jointed and armed with a claw of normal shape and nearly normal size ; they are somewhat larger than the others, but are not crassate. Two specimens were found in vials with large numbers of To/no- tccnia chionophila. The animals may be young, but the resemblance to adults of Schendyla nemorensis is very striking, and on geograph- ical grounds the probability of distinctness from eastern species is great. The Siberian species from Vladivostock is large, deeply colored, and robust, measuring 60 mm. and upward in length, and the females have 49 or 51 pairs of legs. PLATE III. Xystocheir obtusa. FIG. i, a. Gonapods, anterior view. I, b. Gonapods, lateral view. 1, c. Gonapods, posterior view. Scytonotus sp. FIG. 2, a. Gonapod, mesial view. 2, 3. Gonapod, lateral view. 2, c. Eighteenth leg, posterior view. 2, d. Nineteenth leg, posterior view. Tylobolus deses. FIG. 3, a. Head, first segment, and first pair of legs, posterior view. 3, b. Second pair of legs of male, with ventral lobes of second segment, posterior view. 3, c. Third leg of male, posterior view. 3, d. Basal joint of same, mesial view. 3, e. Fourth leg of male. 3, f. Fifth leg of male. 3, g. Gonapods, anterior view. 3, //. Gonapods, posterior view. (78) H. A. E. VOL. VIII PLATE MYRIAPODS HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. PLATE IV. Isaphe convexa. FIG. i, a. Gonapods, anterior view. 1, b. Gonapods, posterior view. Chonaphe armata, FIG. 2, a. Gonapods, anterior view. 2, b. Gonapods, posterior view. 2, c. Gonapods, lateral view. Hybaphe tersa. FIG. 3, a. Gonapods, posterior view. Harpaphe haydeniana. FIG. 4, a. Gonapods, anterior view. 4, b. Gonapods, posterior view. 4, c. Gonapods, lateral view. (80) H. A. E. VOL. VIII PLATE IV MYRIAPODS HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. PLATE V. Hypozonium anurum. FIG. i, a. First three segments, dorsal view. I, b. First segment and head, anterior view. i, c. Posterior segments, dorsal view. The last segment is concealed under the penultimate. i, d. Antenna. PI a tyzon iu m gets chmann ii. FIG. 2, a. First four segments and antenna, dorsal view. Drawn from type specimen in the Berlin Museum. Polyzonizim rosalbum. FIG. 3, a. First four segments, head and antenna, dorsal view. 3, b. Last three segments, dorsal view. 3, c. Antenna. Same magnification as fig. i, d. ParaJ2ihis alaskanus. FlG. 4, a. First leg of male, anterior view. 4, b. First leg of male, lateral view. 4, c. First leg of male, posterior view. 4, d. Second leg of male, anterior view. 4, e. Second leg of male, lateral view. 4, /. Second leg and external ducts of male, posterior view. \, g~ Third, normal, leg of male. 4, //. Gonapods, anterior view. 4, /. Gonapods, posterior view. 4,y. Posterior gonapods, anterior view. 4, k. Posterior gonapod, lateral view. Parajuhis furcifer. FlG. 5, a. First leg of male, anterior view. 5, b. First leg of male, posterior view. 5, c. Anterior gonapods, anterior view. 5, d. Anterior gonapods, posterior view. 5, e. Posterior gonapods and seventh segment, anterior view. (82) H. A. E. VOL. VIII PLATE V MYRIAPODS HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. APTERYGOTA OF ALASKA (83) The following paper on the Apterygota of Alaska, by Justus Wat- son Folsom, of the University of Illinois, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. iv, pp. 87-116, March 27, 1902. It is here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagination has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [88] ; while the consecutive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. In the plates the original numbers and running headline (slightly abbreviated) have been preserved [in brack- ets] , while the volume designation and serial plate numbers have been added in the usual place. The original text references to the plates are unchanged. The present headpiece and title have been substituted for the running heading of the Academy's Proceedings and the original title, which was : Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition, xxvii. Apterygota. No other alterations have been made. EDITOR. (84) ~~^= . jr*-- 1 - * - * ->-=5vv^ ^ APTERYGOTA OF ALASKA BY JUSTUS WATSON FOLSOM THIS paper deals with the Collembola and Thysanura collected in Alaska in June and July, 1899, by Professor Trevor Kincaid, of the Harriman Expedition, with the addition of a few forms collected by him in 1897. These are especially welcome as nothing has been published hitherto concerning the Collembola of Alaska, and because, with three exceptions, all of Professor Kincaid's species are either new or little known. Moreover, they suggest interesting problems in geographic distribution, a subject yet in its infancy, as regards this group. Fourteen forms are here described as follows : Neanura gigantea Tull. Neanura ornatct sp. nov. Anurida amorita sp. nov. Aphorura octopunctata (Tull.) Aphorura dentata sp. nov. Isotoma fimetaria (L.) Tull. Isotoma viridis Bourl., type. Isotoma viridis Bourl., var. arctica Schott. Entomobrya kincaidi sp. nov. Tomocerus niger Bourl., type. Tomocerus niger Bourl., var. arcticus Schott. Tomocerus niger Bourl., var. americanus Schott. Papirius palmatus sp. nov. Mackilis arctica sp. nov. Types of the above species and subspecies have been de- posited in the United States National Museum, and all the Harriman specimens retain the numbers of the original labels. [87] (85) 86 FOLSOM [88] NEANURA GIGANTEA Tull. (PI. iv, fig. i ; PI. vi, figs. 11-13.) Anura gigantea TULLBERG, Ofv. k. vet. Akad. forh., xxxm, no. 5, p. 41, taf. ii, fig. 59, 1876 (Siberia). SCHOTT, K. sven. vet. Akad. hand., xxv, no. ii, p. 94, 1894 (Siberia). Neanura gigantea SCHAFFER, Fauna Arctica, I, lief. 2, p. 240, 1900. General color of alcoholic specimens indigo blue, with conspicuous blackish tubercles (fig. i) ; living examples pruinose (Tullberg). Head twice as broad as long, with twelve large tubercles, including those bearing the eyes, arranged as in fig. i. Eyes (fig. n) five on either side. Postantennal organs (figs. 1 1, 12) each composed of more than 100 clavate papillae forming a rosette. Antenna? half as long as the head, conical, with segments related in length as 4 : 3 : 2 : 6 ; basal and second segments half as long as broad ; third and fourth coales- cent ; the minute antennal tubercles become successively smaller on each segment. Body oval in dorsal aspect ; the number of large tuber- cles on each successive segment is, respectively, 6, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 6, 2 ; the tubercle at either end of each transverse row is behind the others, on the first seven segments ; on the seventh, both are also ventral and inconspicuous ; on the eighth, four are ventral and two dorsal ; the ninth segment is bent under and bears two small tubercles. Legs short and stout; claws (fig. 13) alike, stout, uniformly curving and tapering, strongly unidentate on the inner margin and minutely tuber- culate. Cuticula finely tuberculate ; large tubercles also reticulate (fig. ii), bearing several long stiff yellow setae. Maximum length, 5 mm. Two forms occur : broad ones, in which breadth is to length as i : 1.79 ; and narrow ones, in which the ratio is i : 2.27. This differ- ence of proportion is independent of age, as it exists between speci- mens of equal length ; it is found in other species of Neanura, and is presumably a sexual distinction. Twenty-five specimens, St. Paul Island, Bering Sea, 1897. The original description, although brief, suffices to place this well marked and monstrous species. Tullberg and Schott have recorded it from several localities in Siberia, Yenisei River (Latitude 61 to 73). Schott also notes the species from the vicinity of St. Lawrence Bay. Tullberg (1876, p. 29) is confident that Neanura gigantea does not occur in Nova Zembla, Spitzbergen or Greenland. [89] APTERYGOTA 87 NEANURA ORNATA sp. nov. (PI. iv, fig. 2; PI. vi, figs. 14-18.) White (fig. 2). Head (fig. 14) slightly longer than broad, rounded triangular. Eyes (fig. 14, e, e, e~) not more than three on either side, in longitudinal alignment ; two are close together and immediately be- hind the base of the antenna ; the third is considerably behind these. The eyes are rudimentary ; they lack pigment, and even the cornea, especially of the posterior eye, is frequently indistinguishable. Post- antennal organs absent. Antennae (fig- 15) barely more than half as long as the head, with segments related as 5:4:4:6; basal segment stout, globose, reticulate ; second and third globose, slightly or not at all reticulate ; fourth conical, reticulate, the minute tubercles successively smaller on the first three segments but of equal size on the second and fourth. The large tubercles which characterize the genus coalesce on the head of this species but are indicated by the arrangement of the setigerous, reticulated areas. Buccal cone as in figure 16. Body segments related in length as 3:4:5:6:5:5:4:2:2; apical seg- ment reduced and turned under ; the number of large tubercles on each successive segment is, respectively, 6, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 6, 2 ; on the fourth abdominal segment the two paramedian tubercles coalesce, while four are ventral ; on the penultimate segment all six coalesce and on the apical segment the two tubercles are ventral. Each tubercle, though but slightly elevated, is defined by its chitinous retic- ulation and by two to four stiff serrulate setae of two forms (fig. 17). The minute cuticular tubercles are not hemispherical as in other species of the genus, but are conical (fig. 17) an d frequently clustered. Legs short and stout, with stout curving seta? ; tibia? with a subapical pair of appendages (fig. 18), pyriform in outline; claws (fig. 18) alike, apically curving, prominently unidentate at the base of the inner margin. Length, 1.4 mm. As in N. gigantea, there are two forms, probably the sexes ; a narrower kind (fig. 2) with abdomen gradually dilating, with average breadth to length as i : 2.8, and a broader form, oval-cylindrical, in which breadth : length =1:2. Type. Cat. No. 5435, U. S. Nat. Museum. Described from thirty-five types, Sitka, June, 1899 (No. 71). Neanura ornata does not closely resemble any described species but recalls in its ocular characters an East Indian species, N. fortis Oudm. (Oudemans, 1890, p. 91 ; Schaffer, 1898, p. 399). 88 FOLSOM [90] ANURIDA AMORITA sp. nov. (PI. iv, fig. 3 ; PI. vi, figs. 19-24.) General color bluish gray, due to the combined effect of indigo blue mottlings with the white ground color (fig. 3). The dorsum of each segment has two parallel broken blackish stripes (fig. 3). Eyes (fig. 19) five on either side, on blackish patches. Postantennal organs oval (fig. 20) or bent, as in fig. 21 (both figures are from the same head), with from thirty to forty elements. Antennae almost as long as the head ; segments related asi2:i2:ii:io; first three dilated apically ; fourth rounded conical, bearing an organ (fig. 22) consisting of three large contiguous bladder-like structures upon a chitinous base. Body (fig. 3) elongated, abdomen gradually dilated. Claws of mid and hind feet (fig. 23) gradually tapering from a broad base, slightly curv- ing, strongly unidentate near the middle of the inner margin ; claws of fore feet (fig. 24) smaller and less tapering. Clothing of short dense curving sets, with a transverse row of long hairs on each segment. Maximum length, 4.1 mm. Type. Cat. No. 5437, U. S. Nat. Museum. Described from thirty-six types, Kukak Bay (No. 70). This species is most nearly allied to A. tullbergi Schott (1891, p. 192; 1894, pp. 91-92, taf. 8, figs. 16-18) which, however, has but twenty-four to thirty-eight elements in each postantennal organ, and more slender, untoothed claws, not to mention differences of minor importance. The curious antennal organ, already found on A. man- tima, attains a much greater size in A. amorita. APHORURA OCTOPUNCTATA (Tull.). (PI. vn, figs. 25-28.) Lipura octo-ptmctata TULLBERG, Ofv. k. vet. Akad. forh., xxxin, no. 5, p. 40, taf. ii, figs. 51-53, 1876 (Siberia). SCHOTT, K. sven. vet. Akad. hand., xxv, no. n, p. 88, 1894 (Siberia). Aphorura octopunctata SCHAFFER, Fauna Arctica, bd. I, lief. 2, p. 241, 1900. White. Postantennal organs (fig. 25) elliptical, of about thirty- three to thirty-seven elements. Pseudocelli of the head, fourteen ; four behind the base of either antenna (fig. 25) and six, in two transverse rows, on the posterior border of the head. Antenna? shorter than the head, with segments related in length nearly as 7 : 10 : 9 : 12 ; basal seg- [91] APTERYGOTA 89 merit stout, second cylindrical, third petiolate, terminal segment cylin- drical with rounded apex ; antennal organ (fig. 26) composed of five chitinous finger-like processes. Body cylindrical, its segments related as 23 : 26 : 29 : 25 : 22 : 27 : 27 : 27 : 10. Superior claws (fig. 27) broad, curving, distinctly unidentate near the middle of the inner mar- gin ; inferior claws slightly longer, slender, gradually attenuating into a fine filament, untoothed. Anal spines (fig. 28) two, half as long as a superior claw, feebly arcuate, on prominent papilla?. Body sparsely clothed with short curved setaa and occasional longer stiff setae, the latter becoming more numerous towards the extremity of the abdomen. Length, 2.7 mm. Three specimens, Sitka, June, 1899 (No. 71). The Harriman examples of this species agree satisfactorily with the original diagnosis except for lacking a tooth on the inferior claw. The pseudocelli of the body were not studied on account of insufficient material. A. octopunctata has seldom been recorded. It was described from a single individual taken at Dudinskoe, Siberia (Latitude 69 25' N.), by the Nordenskiold Expedition in 1875 (Tullberg, 1876, p. 40). The Yenisei Expedition of the following year collected examples at Tschulkova, in Latitude 62 45' N., and the Vega Expedition of 1878- 79 found a single specimen at Irkaipi, in Chukchi Land (Latitude 68 36' N. Schott, 1894, P- 88 )- APHORURA DENTATA sp. nov (PI. vii, figs. 29-36.) White (fig. 29). Postantennal organs (fig. 30) elongate, of very many minute papillate elements, underlying which are seventeen or more oval structures (fig. 31). Pseudocelli of the head eight, of which two lie behind the base of either antenna (fig. 32) and the remaining four oc- cupy the posterior border of the head (fig. 29). The areas adjoining the antennas are more finely tuberculate than the rest of the head. An- tennae slightly shorter than the head, with segments related nearly as 2 : 5:4:5; basal segment cup-shaped, second and third clavate and petio- late, fourth conical; antennal organ (fig. 33) of five, rarely four, stout conical processes. Body cylindrical (fig. 29) ; segments related as 10 : 13 : 16 : 13 : 13 : 12 : 14 : 10 : 3 ; the number of dorsal pseudocelli for each successive segment is, respectively (fig. 29), 4, 8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 6, 6, o. Superior claws (fig. 34) strongly curved, five-toothed, as follows : paired pseudonychial teeth occur one-third from the base of the claw, a 90 FOLSOM [92] second pair of lateral teeth is found one-seventh from the apex, and a fifth, or median, tooth is situated as far again from the apex ; inferior claws untoothed, slender, gradually attenuating into a filament which extends beyond the superior claw, inner margin roundly and narrowly dilated at base; both claws arebasally tuberculate. Anal spines (figs. 35, 36) two, less than half as long as a superior claw, almost straight, separated basally by half their length and not seated upon papillag. Clothing of short dense curving setae with occasional long stiff setas on antennae and abdomen, the latter more numerous towards the apex of the abdomen. Maximum length, 4 mm. Type. Cat. No. 5436, U. S. Nat. Museum. Sixteen types : ten from Seldovia, Cook Inlet, July, 1899, under stones at tide mark (No. 62) ; five, Cook Inlet, 1899 (No. 60) ; one from St. Paul Island, Bering Sea, August i, 1897. Although A. dentata shares many of its characters with other spe- cies, in no other form do they approach a similar combination. The five-toothed claws are most distinctive. ISOTOMA FIMETARIA (L.) Tull. (PI. vii, figs. 37-39-) ? Podura terrestris alba LINNAEUS, Fauna Suecica, Ed. i, p. 343, 1746. f Podura fimetaria LINNAEUS, Fauna Suecica, Ed. 2, 1761. Isotoma alba TULLBERG, Ofv. k. vet. Akad. forh., xxvni, no. i, p. 152, 1871 (Sweden). Isotoma fimetaria TULLBERG, k. sven. vet. Akad. hand., x, no. 10, p. 48, taf. 9, figs. 32, 33, 1872 (Sweden). TULLBERG, Ofv. k. vet. Akad. forh., xxxni, no. 5, p. 37, 1876 (Greenland, Siberia). MACGILLIVRAY, Can. Ent., xxm, p. 273, 1891. UZEL, Sitzber. k. boh. Gesell. Wiss., n, p. 66, 1891 (Bohemia). SCHOTT, K. sven. vet. Akad. hand., xxv, no. n, p. 75, 1894 (Siberia). DALLA TORRE, Die Gattungen und Arten der Apterygo- genea (Brauer), p. 9, 1895. REUTER, Acta Soc. Faun. Flora fenn., xi, no. 4, pp. 28-29, 1895 (Finland). MACGILLIVRAY, Can. Ent., xxvin, p. 58, 1896. SCHAFFER, Mitt, naturh. Mus. Hamburg, xin, p. 183, 1896 (Germany). SCHOTT, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sc., vi (2), p. 184, 1896 (California). LIE-PETTERSEN, Bergens Mus. Aarb. (1896), no. 8, p. 18, 1897 (Norway). MEINERT, Vidensk. Med. naturh. Foren. Kjobenhavn (1896), p. 169, 1897 (Greenland). LIE-PETTERSEN, Bergens Mus. Aarb., no. 6, p. 13, 1898 (Norway). SCHERBAKOF, Zool. Anz., xxi, p. 58, 1898 (Russia). SCHERBAKOF, Materiali, etc., Apteryg., Vicinity of Kief, p. 12, 1898 (Russia). CARPENTER and EVANS, Proc. R. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh, xiv, p. 251, pi. 8, figs. 3, 4, 1899 (Scotland). SCHKR- BAKOF, Zool. Anz., xxn, p. 47, 1899 (Spitzbergen). CARPENTER, Sc. Proc. R. Dublin Soc., ix. (n. s.), pt. 3, p. 274, 1900 (Franz Josef Land). SCHAFFER, Fauna Arctica, i, lief. 2, p. 247 (Massachusetts). White. Eyes absent. Postantennal organs small, elliptical. An- tennae (fig. 37) subequal to head in length, segments related as 3 : 5 : [93] APTERYGOTA pi 1 1 ; basal segment stout, cylindrical ; second cylindrical ; third cla- vate, apically constricted ; fourth subclavate, apically rounded. Body elongate ; segments in relative lengths as 2:6:6:5:6:6:5:3:2. Superior claws (fig. 38) slightly tapering, feebly curved, inner margin excavated, untoothed ; inferior claws two-thirds as long, broadly lan- ceolate, acute, with a longitudinal rib parallel with the inner margin ; tenent hairs absent. Furcula appended to the fourth abdominal seg- ment, short, not attaining the ventral tube ; dentes nearly twice the manubrium in length, slender, uniformly tapering; mucrones (fig. 39) slender, conspicuously bidentate ; apical tooth slightly hooked, second tooth larger, erect. Clothing of numerous short setas of two kinds, stiff or curving, becoming longer toward the apex of the abdomen. Length 1.6 mm. Two specimens, Sitka, June, 1899 (No. 71). The Alaska specimens agree with European examples of the species which I received from Dr. Schaffer, except in having stouter claws and antennas and in being rather larger. There is less agreement with specimens from Massachusetts, as the antennas of the Alaskan forms are shorter as compared with them, the claws stouter and the mucrones more slender, with subequal teeth; moreover, the fourth abdominal segment, shorter than the third in the latter specimens, is twice as long as the third in the Harriman examples. Isotoma fimetaria, well known in northern and middle Europe, is also widely distributed through the Arctic regions, as the above list shows. The species doubtless occurs extensively in the United States also, being recorded from California and having been found by myself in Massachusetts and Ohio. ISOTOMA VIRIDIS Bourl. (PL iv, fig. 4, type.) ? Pod lira viridis MuLLER, Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, p. 183, 1776 (Den- mark). ?GMELIN, in Linne Systema Naturae, Ed. 13, p. 2910, 1788. Podura viridis BOURLET, Memoire Podurelles, p. 24, 1843 (France). ? Podura phunbea MULLER, Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, p. 183, 1776. ?O. FABRICIUS, Fauna Groenlandica, p. 211, 1780 (Greenland). Isotoma viridis BOURLET, Mem. soc. sc. agric. arts Lille, Pt. i, p. 401, 1839 (France). GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., in, p. 433, 1844. LUBBOCK, Monograph Coll. and Thys., p. 169, 1873 (England). PARONA, Saggio Catalogo Pod. Ital., p. 42, 1878 (Italy) ; Ann. mus. civ. st. nat. Geneva, xvin, p. 463, 1883. REUTER, Ofv. finsk. vet. soc. forh., xxxill, p. 229, 1891 (Siberia). SCHOTT, K. sven. vet. Akad. hand., xxv, No. II, pp. 59-61, taf. 5, figs. 1-5 ; taf. 6, figs, i, 2, 1894 2 FOLSOM [94] (Siberia). DALLA TORRE, Die Gattungen und Arten der Apterygogenea (Brauer), p. 10, 1895. REUTER, Acta Soc. Fauna Flora fenn., xi, no. 4, pp. 25-26, 1895 (Finland). MACGILLIVRAY, Can. Ent., xxvin, p. 58, 1896 (Mass., Tex., N. Y.). SCHAFFER, Mitt, naturh. Mus. Hamburg, xiu, pp. 184-186, taf. 3, fig. 80, 1896 (Germany). LIE-PETTERSEN, Ber- gens Mus. Aarb. (1896), No. 8, p. 17, 1897 (Norway) ; ibid., No. 6, p. 12, 1898. MEINERT, Vidensk. Med. naturh. Foren. Kjobenhavn (1896), p. 169, 1897 (Greenland). SCHERBAKOF, Zool. Anz., xxi, p. 58, 1898 (Russia); Materials, etc., Apteryg. Vicinity of Kief, p. 7, 1898; Zool. Anz., xxn, p. 47, 1899 (Spitzbergen). CARPENTER and EVANS, Proc. R. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh, xiv, p. 246, pi. 7, fig. 17, 1899 (Scotland). WAHLGREN.Ofv. k. vet. Akad. fbrh., LVI, No. 4, p. 338, 1899 (Spitzbergen); Ent. Tidsk., xx, hft. 2-3, pp. 186-190, 1899 (Sweden). KIEFFER, Berl. ent. Zeits., XLV, hft. 1-2, p. 113, 1900 (Germany). SCHAFFER, Fauna Arctica, I, lief. 2, p. 245, 1900 ; Jahreshefte Vereins vaterl. Naturk. Wurttemberg, LVI, p. 256, 1900 (Germany). Isotoma caernlea BOURLET, Mem. soc. sc. agric. arts Lille, Pt. I, p. 401, 1839. GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., in, p. 433, 1844. Isotoma arborea BOURLET, Mem. soc. sc. Agric. arts Lille, Pt. I, p. 401, 1839. PARONA, Saggio Catalogo Pod. ital., pp. 40-41, 1878 ; Ann. mus. civ. st. nat. Geneva, xvin, pp. 462-463, 1883 ; ibid., 2dser., vi, p. 143, 1888. Desoria virescens NICOLET, Recherches Podurelles, p. 59, pi. 5, fig. 12, 1841 (Switzerland). GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., in, p. 428, 1844. Desoria cylindrica NICOLET, Recherches Podurelles, p. 60, pi. 6, fig. I, 1841. GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., in, p. 429, 1844. Desoria -viatica NICOLET, Recherches Podurelles, p. 61, pi. 6, fig. 2, 1841. GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., in, pp. 429-430, 1844. Desoria pallida NICOLET, Recherches Podurelles, p. 61, pi. 6, fig. 3, 1841. GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., in, p. 430, 1844. Desoria ebriosa NICOLET, Recherches Podurelles, p. 61, pi. 6, fig. 4, 1841. GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., in, p. 430, 1844. Desoria annnlata NICOLET, Recherches Podurelles, p. 62, pi. 6, fig. 5, 1841. GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., in, p. 430, 1844. Desoria fusca NICOLET, Recherches Podurelles, p. 63, pi. 6, fig. 7, 1841. GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., in, p. 431, 1844. Podura arborea BOURLET, Memoire Podurelles, p. 24, 1843. Podura anmdata BOURLET, ibid. Isotoma Desmarestii GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., in, p. 436, pi. 50, fig. ii, 1844. Heterotoma chlorata GERVAIS, ibid., pp. 421-422, pi. 50, fig. 6, 1844. Isotoma virescens NICOLET, Ann. soc. ent. France, 2d ser., v, 1847. Isotoma pallida NICOLET, ibid. Isotoma anmdata NICOLET, ibid. LUBBOCK, Monograph Coll. and Thys., p. 175, 1873. PARONA, Ann. mus. civ. st. nat. Genova, xvin, p. 463, 1883. Isotoma fusca NICOLET, Ann. soc. ent. France, 2d ser., v, 1847. LUBBOCK, Monograph Coll. and Thys., pp. 175-176, 1873. TOMOSVARY, Math. term, kozlem. Magyar Ak., xvin, p. 124, 1882 (Hungary). PARONA, Ann. mus. civ. st. nat. Genova, xvin, p. 463, 1883 ; ibid., 2d ser., vi, p. 143, 1888. Isotoma anglicana LUBBOCK, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xxni, Pt. 3, p. 596, 1862; Monograph Coll. and Thys., pp. 171-172, pi. 38, 1873. Isotoma lineata LUBBOCK, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xxiii, Pt. 3. p. 597, 1862. [05] APTERYGOTA 93 Isotoma paMstris var. rtnicolor TULLBERG, Ofv. k. vet. Akad. forh., xxvin, no. i, p. 151, 1871. Isotoma palustris var. annulata TULLBERG, ibid. Isotoma palustris var. viridis TULLBERG, K. sven. vet. akad. hand., x, no. 10, p. 46, taf. 9, figs. 1-8, 1 872 (Sweden, Spitzbergen, Bering Id.). UZEL, Sitzber. k. boh. Gesell. Wiss., n, p. 63, 1891 (Bohemia). Isotoma palustris var. fusca TULLBERG, K. sven. vet. Akad. hand., x, no. 10, p. 46, taf. 9, figs. 1-8, 1872. UZEL, Sitzber. k. boh. Gesell. Wiss., n, p. 63, 1891. Isotoma Belfragei PACKARD, Fifth Rep. Trust. Peab. Acad., pp. 33-34, 1873 (Texas). MAcGiLLiVRAY, Can. Ent., xxni, p. 273, 1891. Isotoma tricolor (in part) PACKARD, Fifth Rep. Trust. Peab. Acad., p. 34, 1873 (Mass.). MACGILLIVRAY, Can. Ent., xxni, p. 274, 1891 (D. C.). Isotoma purpurascens PACKARD, Fifth Rep. Trust. Peab. Acad., pp. 34-35, 1873 (Texas). MACGILLIVRAY, Can. Ent., xxni, p. 274, 1891. Isotoma phtmbea PACKARD, Fifth Rep. Trust. Peab. Acad., p. 35, 1873 (Mass.). MACGILLIVRAY, Can. Ent., xxm, p. 274, 1891 ( L. I., Ohio). Isotoma palustris TULLBERG, Ofv. k. vet. akad. forh., xxxni, no. 5, pp. 34- 35, 1876 (Siberia). Alcoholic specimens are either dark green with pale green legs and furcula, or are dark brown. Dorsum marked (fig. 4) with pale round and oval spots, most numerous on meso- and metanotum. Eyes as in figure 40 (var. arctica], eight on either side. Postantennal organs ovate to oval. Antennas half as long again as the head ; seg- ments in relative lengths as 4:6:6:7. Body cylindrical ; segments related as 4 : 10 : 9 : 7 : 8 : 10 : 9 : 4 : 2. Superior claws (fig. 41, var. arctica} long, slender, tapering, slightly curving, laterally pseudony- chiate, inner margin bidentate ; inferior claws less than half as long, parallel sided, acute, apically curving ; tenent hair unknobbed. Fur- cula half as long as the body ; dentes nearly three times the manu- brium in length; mucrones (fig. 42, arctica) subequally tridentate ; teeth large, blunt, apical tooth falcate, second and third subfalcate and opposite each other. Clothing of dense short curving setae, with long barbellate hairs on the posterior part of the abdomen. Length 6 mm. Three individuals, St. Paul Id., 1897; three, Popof Id., 1899 (No. 96). These agree in every essential respect with European examples of /. viridis, forma principalis, received from Dr. Schaffer and also with specimens collected by myself in Massachusetts, Ohio and Illinois ; the Alaskan forms differ from any which I have seen, how- ever, by being larger and in having no tooth on the inferior claw, with the exception of a single small specimen, 2 mm. long. It is not surprising to meet /. -viridis from Alaska, as the species has repeatedly been recorded from the Arctic regions and ranges throughout Europe and the United States. 94 FOLSOM [96] ISOTOMA VIRIDIS Bourl., var. ARCTICA Schott. (PI. iv, fig. 5; PI. vii, figs. 40-42.) Isotoma viridis, var. arctica SCHOTT, K. sven. vet. Akad. hand., xxv, no. n, p. 61, taf. 5, fig. 4, 1894. SCHAFFER, Fauna Arctica, I, lief. 2, p. 245, 1900. The preceding description of the typical form applies equally well to the variety arctica with the following modifications : arctica is longer, more slender (fig. 5) and is yellow, marked with dark blue; each of the last seven segments bears a dorsal deltoid mark by which the variety may be recognized. Length, 7 mm. Three specimens, Popof Id., 1899 (no. 96). The two types of Schott came from Port Clarence, on the American side of Bering Strait. Schaffer gives southern Russia as a second locality. ENTOMOBRYA KINCAIDI sp. nov. (PI. vm, figs. 43-45.) Olive green with pale mottlings. Head yellowish, oral region dark. Eye patches widely separated; eyes (fig. 43) eight on either side. Antennae twice as long as the head, or half as long as the body, with segments related as 3:5:4:6; basal ring blackish ; basal segment yellow, dusky proximally, second yellow, third yellow, dark distally ; fourth elliptical, yellow with dusky apex. Body fusiform, segments as 4: 24 :i5: 10:13: 13: 40: 12:6 in relative lengths ; sides dusky, also the anterior border of the mesonotum, and the posterior borders of the fourth and sixth abdominal segments. Legs yellowish ; superior claws (fig. 44) broad, straight, inner margin bidentate, a tooth occur- ring one-fourth, and another one-half the distance from the apex ; outer margin untoothed ; inferior claws two-thirds as long, broadly linear, acute, untoothed ; tenent hair single, knobbed. Furcula white, as long as the antennae ; dentes slender, one-third longer than the manubrium; mucrones (fig. 45) tridentate, as usual, with an apical hook, a second tooth which is conical, erect, and as long as the width of the dens, and a third, small acicular oblique tooth ; three barbellate hairs project far beyond the mucrones. Antennae, legs and furcula densely clothed with short curving barbellate setae interspersed with long barbellate hairs, which are longest on the last three abdominal segments ; stout clavate barbellate setae occur between the eye patches, on the occiput and on the anterior borders of meso- and metanotum. Length, 1.9 mm. [97] APTERYGOTA 95 Type. Cat. No. 5509, U. S. Nat. Museum. Four types, Muir Glacier ("hillside to right"), June n, 1899 (No. 68). In coloration E. kincaidi is much like E. griseo-olivata Pack. ('73' P- 39) Dut the two species differ sufficiently in structural details. In Packard's species the inferior claws are basally dilated, the mucrones strongly falcate, and the fourth abdominal segment is four times as long as the third. Next to griseo-olivata, kincaidi is most nearly allied to marginata Tull. and muscorum Tull. (not Nic.), European specimens of which have been furnished me by Dr. Schaffer. Named after Professor Trevor Kincaid, of the University of Wash- ington, who has materially assisted in extending our knowledge of Arctic Collembola. TOMOCERUS NIGER Bourl. (PI. VIII, figS. 46, 47.) Macrotoma nigra BOURLET, Mem. soc. sc. agric. arts Lille, Pt. I, p. 14, 1839 (France) GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., in, p. 408, pi. 50, fig. 7, 1844. Macrotoma ferruginosa BOURLET, Mem. soc. sc. agric. arts Lille, Pt. I, p. 14, 1839. GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., in, p. 408, 1839. Tomocerus celer NICOLET, Rech. Podurelles, p. 69, pi. 7, fig. 9, 1841 (Switzer- land) ; Ann. soc. ent. France, 2d sen, v, 1847. PARONA, Ann. sc. r. inst. tec. Pavia, tav. 2, fig. 7, 1875 (Italy). Macrotoma celer GERVAIS, in Walckenaer, Hist. nat. ins. apt., in, p. 407, pi. 50, fig. 7, 1844. Macrotoma lepida GERVAIS, ibid., p. 409. Tomocerus lepida NICOLET, Ann. soc. ent. France, 2d ser., v, 1847. Macrotoma flavescens TULLBERG, 6fv. k. vet. Akad. forh., xxvni, no. I, p. 149, 1871 (Sweden) ; K. sven. vet. Akad. hand., x, no. 10, pp. 36-37, taf. 5, figs. 1-6, 1872. UZEL, Sitzber. k. boh. Gesell. Wiss., 11, p. 48, 1891 (Bohemia). Tomocerus niger LUBBOCK, Monograph Coll. and Thys.,pp. 139-140, 1873 (England). PAROXA, Saggio catalogo Pod. ital., pp. 25-26, 1878 (Italy); Ann. mus. civ. st. nat. Geneva, xvin, p. 456, 1883 ; ibid. , 2d ser., vi, p. 139, 1888. REUTER, Acta. Soc. Fauna Flora, fenn., xi, no. 4, p. 15, 1895 (Finland). CARPENTER and EVANS, Proc. R. Phys. Soc. Edin- burgh, xiv, pp. 236-237, pi. 7, fig. 16, 1899 (Scotland). SCHAFFER, Jahreshefte Vereins vaterl. Naturk. Wurttemberg, LVI, p. 274, 1900 (Ger- many). Tomocerus flavescens SCHOTT, K. sven. vet. Akad. hand., xxv, no. n, p. 42, 1894 (Norway). DALLA TORRE, Die Gattungen und Arten der Apterygogenea (Brauer), p. 11, 1895. SCHAFFER, Mitt, naturh. Mus. Hamburg, xin, pp. 204-205, 1896 (Germany). LIE-PETTERSEN, Ber- gens Mus. Aarb. (1896), no. 8, p. u, 1897 (Norway) ; ibid., no. 6, p. 8, 1898. SCHERBAKOF, Zool. Anz., xxi, p. 60, 1898 (Russia); Materiali, etc., Apteryg. Vicinity of Kief, p. 20, 1898. ABSOLON, Studies Morav. Cave Apt., pp. 32-33, 1900 (Moravia). 96 FOLSOM [98] Cream yellow when denuded of scales. Eyes six on either side, on black patches close behind the bases of the antennae. Antennas shorter than the body; basal ring prominent; first segment yellow or pur- plish ; second and third yellow, frequently purplish apically ; third often purple throughout ; fourth segment purple. Legs yellow, ex- cepting the tibiae, which are purplish distally ; superior claws (fig. 46) long, slender, uniformly tapering, straight, pseudonychiate, inner mar- gin bidentate, or, less than half as often, tridentate ; inferior claws half as long, straight, tapering, acuminate, inner margin unidentate near the middle; tenent hair knobbed. Furcula yellow. Dental spines (fig. 47) seven to nine, becoming successively smaller toward the base of each dens until the large proximal spine is reached ; the distal spine is more lateral than the rest and there may be two of them on either side ; a lanceolate acuminate transparent scale occurs near the proximal spine or spines. Clothing of scales, with numerous clavate setae on head and legs, interspersed with many long stiff hairs, especially on femora and manubrium ; mesonotal collar of stiff setae, finely barbel- late apically ; similar setae occur on the manubrium among the short reclinate bristles ; the furcula bears scales above and long plumes beneath. Length, 5 mm. Twenty-one specimens, Yakutat, June, 1899 (Nos. 57, 69) ; three, Cook Inlet, 1899 (No. 60) ; one, Popof Island, 1899 (No. 96) ; one, Juneau, 1899 (No. 56) ; four, Sitka, June, 1899 (Nos. 64, 71) ; three, Berg Bay, June 10, 1899 (No. 72) ; fifty-five, Muir Glacier, west side, June 12, 1899 (No. 63), comprising intergradations between niger, arcticus and americanus, but consisting principally of typical arcticus. Many of the specimens from which the preceding description was made conformed to authoritative descriptions and figures of the well- known T. Jlavescens (more properly termed niger}, of Europe, and also agreed with eight examples of the species given me by Dr. Schiif- fer. Most of the Harriman specimens varied greatly, however, in the characters of accepted specific value for example, those of the claws and dental spines. These variations, bearing importantly upon the interrelations of three members of the genus, are tabulated below. Tullberg's (1872, pp. 36-37, taf. 5, figs. 1-6) diagnosis of T. fa- -vescens is, "Antennae corpore non longiores. Spinae clentium sim- plices 7~8, intima magna. Unguiculus superior dentibus 2 instructus, inferior lanceolatus. Long. 4 millim." Tullberg adds that the infe- rior claws are unidentate. With this description compare the follow- ing records. The figures after the + signs refer to the number of large spines beside each dental scale. [99] APTERYGOTA 97 Teeth of superior claws. Dental spines. Class. Fore foot. Mid foot. Hind foot. Right dens. Left dens. I 2 2 2 5 + 2 7 + 2 Common 2 3 2 2 6 + 1 6+1 Occasional 3 3 3 3 7 + 2 6+2 Two specimens 4 4 3 3 ? ? One specimen 5 4 4 3 8+2 8+2 " 6 4 4 4 8 + 2 7+2 " Excepting these variations, all the individuals are essentially alike and nearly all the variations given are found in one lot of specimens (No. 63, Muir Glacier), among which are also the forms arcticus and americanus. Individuals of class No. i are clearly niger {flavescens} . Those of No. 2 depart from the type in having an extra tooth but are more typical than No. i by having but one accessory spine. Having admitted No. 2 as niger, how may we exclude No. 3, as regards the claws ? The number of spines is normal on the left, and but one too many on the right dens. Considering the numerical variability of the spines, No. 3 could still be called niger. Notice, however, that No. 3 is just as evidently a variety of T. americanus Schott. His diag- nosis (1896, p. 172, pi. 16, figs. 6, 7) provides especially for the three- toothed form. Nos. 4, 5 and 6 are clearly americanus, in which Schott himself found great variability and affinities withflavescens. Any distinction between niger and americanus, then, must be arti- ficial and arbitrary. This is not all, for T. arcticus enters the dis- cussion. Schott (1894, pp. 43-44, taf. 3, figs. 8, 9) distinguishes arcticus as having (i) four teeth normally on each superior claw (five may occur on any foot, but his statement, u doch scheinen 4 Zahne auf alien das normale zu sein," holds, nevertheless), (2) " Spinae den- tium sitnplices, septem vel interdum octo, intima parva." The only apparent differences, therefore, between arcticus and americanus are the absence of a tooth on the inferior claws of arcticus and of two large spines beside each dental scale. Now the tooth mentioned was pres- ent on most of the Alaskan examples of arcticus, although not re- ferred to by Schott, in whose specimens it was very likely absent. As to the accessory spines, one such is indeed mentioned by Schott and several of the Alaskan specimens, which occurred with typical arcticus and were unlike it in no other respect, had two well developed acces- sory spines. Therefore, arcticus and americanus merge together. Comparing arcticiis directly with niger, the former, when it has one accessory spine, agrees to that extent with the latter ; the teeth on each superior claw of arcticus are not known to be less than four, and FOLSOM [ IO ] are only two in typical niger ; as I have implied, however, arctlctis is connected with niger through americanus ; in fact, the variety of arcticus with two basal spines might be called americanus, were its true relations with arcticzis not known. The dental scales also, occurring in no other described species ex- cept T. plumbeus, are of significant value. To summarize : arcticus varies into americanus which, in turn, connects insensibly with niger. The first two, then, are properly to be called varieties of niger {flavescens) the first described of the three. The question whether niger is actually nearest the stem form a debatable subject, which I have but partially settled fortunately does not affect the terminology to be adopted. Although niger has long been known to occur throughout Europe under the name of jlavescens, it has not been hitherto recorded from the Arctic reions. TOMOCERUS NIGER Bourl., var. ARCTICUS Schott. (PL viii, figs. 48-52.) Tomocerus arcticus SCHOTT, K. sven. vet. akad. hand., xxv, No. n, p. 43, taf. 3, figs. 8, 9, 1894. DALLA TORRE, Die Gattungen und Arten der Ap- terygogenea (Brauer), p. u, 1895. SCHAFFER, Fauna Arctica, i, lief. 2, p. 251, 1900. Typical arcticus is citron yellow, when denuded of scales. Eyes six on either side (fig. 48), as usual. Antennae over three times as long as the head, or two-thirds the length of the body ; segments re- lated as 2:3 : 13 : 3; basal ring purple; first two segments yellow, second often purplish distally ; last two pale purple. Prothorax con- cealed ; remaining segments related in length as 8:6:5:6:9:6:3:2. Legs yellow throughout, or else coxae and tibiae purplish ; superior claws (fig- 49) rather stout, slightly curved, pseudonychiate ; inner margin distinctly quadridentate, as a rule ; superior claws of hind feet one-third longer than those of the other feet ; inferior claws two-thirds as long as the large claws, lanceolate, acute, inner margin unidentate two-fifths from the apex ; tenent hair knobbed. Furcula attaining the ventral tube ; segments as 5:7 : i , in relative lengths ; manubrium yellow, remainder white. Dental spines (fig. 50) normally six or seven on either side, becoming successively smaller proximally ; distal spine more lateral than the rest ; two large ovate-lanceolate acuminate transparent scales occur near the manubrium. Clothing as in T. niger, type. Length, 3.5 mm. One specimen, Popof Id., 1899 (No. 96); four, Cook Inlet, 1899 [lOl] APTERYGOTA 99 (No. 60) ; nine, Sitka, June, 1899 (Nos. 64, 71) ; one, Yakutat Bay, 1899 (No. 69) ; fifty-five, including intergrades with nig-erand amer- icanus, Muir Glacier, west side, June 12, 1899 (No. 63). In arcticus there is a strong tendency toward a double series of dental spines, a peculiarity limited to arcticus, so far as I know. The nature of the doubling is shown in fig. 5 1 , in which certain of the proxi- mal spines are each laterally accompanied by an extra spine. The ad- dition of spines begins at the base of the series and proceeds distally ; in fig. 52, only the basal spine of the right dens is repeated, the re- maining spines being single. There is no question about the identity of these specimens. Four is the normal number of teeth for a superior claw, as Schott says ; on one pair of hind feet I found five on the right and four on the left foot, a variation mentioned by Schott. He neither describes nor figures a tooth for the inferior claw ; such a tooth was distinct on most of the Harriman specimens, however, although occasionally obscure or even absent, especially on small individuals. The dental spines, rarely eight, in a normal series, were as often six as seven. The number of o / ' spines increases with the size of the individual. I may add that the dental scales disagree with Schott's figure by being acuminate instead of rounded. The preceding description is based upon nearly typical specimens. To describe the varieties of arcticus would be to describe niger and americanus again, as arcticus varies into both those forms. The presence of an accessory spine beside each scale and a slight reduction in the number of teeth for the superior claw, variations which actually occur in the specimens from the Muir Glacier transform arcticus into niger. The variations leading into americanus are given be- low and I have already shown (p. 99) that between americanus and niger proper, no natural distinctions exist. Since its discovery by the Vega Expedition in 1878-79, arcticus has never been recorded. The types occurred in colonies at Pitlekai, Chukchi peninsula, eastern Siberia. TOMOCERUS NIGER Bourl. var. AMERICANUS Schott. (PI. vin, fig. 53.) Tomocerus americanus SCHOTT, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., VI (2), p. 172, pi. 16, figs. 6, 7, 1896. Among the many specimens of typical arcticus from the Muir Gla- cier are several which agree with arcticus in every respect save that IOO FOLSOM [ IO2 ] the dental spines are nine to eleven on either side, there being one or two large additional spines near the dental scale, as in fig. 53. The same varieties, which also occurred frequently with typical examples of niger, are evidently amcricanus Schott (1896, p. 172) which, in- deed, was described as being a very variable species. The interrela- tions of americanus and niger I have discussed on p. 99. Occurred among fifty-five specimens of arcticus and niger, Muir Glacier, west side, June 12, 1899 (No. 63) ; also at Cook Inlet (No. 60) with typical niger. PAPIRIUS PALMATUS sp. nov. (PI. vm, figs. 54-56.) Pale yellow, laterally washed with purplish, or else blackish-pur- ple, with pale rounded lateral spots ; face with a broad median pur- ple stripe. Eyes (fig. 54) eight on either side, on large black patches. Antennae slightly shorter than the body, purple, paler ba- sally ; third segment with six annulations behind the swollen apex ; fourth lanceolate, with two annulations below the middle. Superior claws (fig. 55) long, slender, tapering, feebly curving, outer surface unidentate two-fifths from the apex ; inner margins with a pair of teeth at about one-fourth, and a second pair at one-half the distance from the apex (only two teeth show in a profile aspect of the claw) ; inferior claw two-thirds as long as the other, lanceolate, acuminate, with a stout knobbed subapical tenent hair as long as the claw itself, and with a long stiff basal spine borne on the rounded inner margin ; an extra long subapical hair occurs on the tibia. Furcula white, attaining the mouth ; segments related as 3 : 5 : 2 ; dentes each with a lateral series of stiff setae, of which the proximal alone is simple, the others becoming suc- cessively shorter and serrately compound (fig. 56) ; all the setae are simple, though, in small individuals ; mucrones (fig. 56) long, slen- dar, concave, with twenty to thirty rounded teeth on either margin. Dorsum clothed with numerous short stiff setae and several long spin- ous hairs ; stiff setae on antennae and legs. Maximum length, 2. 24 mm. Type. Cat. No. 5434, U. S. Nat. Museum. Described from twenty-four types : thirteen, Sitka, June, 1899 (Nos. 64, 71); six, Yakutat, June, 1899 (Nos. 57, 58); three, Berg Bay, June 10, 1899 (No. 72); one, Kodiak (No. 65) ; one, Fox Point, July, 1899 (No. 67). Papirius palmatus is most nearly allied to P. ater L. (Tull. 1871, p. 146; 1872, p. 34, taf. 3, figs. 26-36). [103] APTERYGOTA IOI MACHILIS ARCTICA sp. nov. (PI. v, figs. 6-10; PL vm, figs. 57, 58.) Body (fig. 6) annulated with alternating bands of dark brown and pale yellow. Head colored as represented in fig. 57. Eyes circu- lar in outline, contiguous along one-fifth the inner margin, or for a distance equal to about one-third the diameter of an eye. Antennas one-quarter longer than the body ; hairs white ; the basal ring and the following seven segments are, in relative lengths, as 5 : 25 : 10 : 7 : 3 : 4 : 2:4; basal ring (fig. 7) yellow, bordered with brown ; basal segment cylindrical, twice as long as broad, brown ; remaining segments yel- low, obscurely banded with brown. Maxillary palpi (fig. 8) seven- jointed, as usual, with segments related as 4:5:5:8:8:7:6; first segment constricted near the base, with a lateral finger-like process and a globose apex ; remaining segments simple, cylindrical, yellow, with the following brown markings (fig. 8) : A basal patch on segment two, a distinct basal ring on segment four, a diffuse basal ring on seg- ments five and six and a subapical patch on segment five. Labial palpi (fig. 9) with segments related as 3 : 5 : 5 ; first segment brown, clavate, with a short apical process ; second yellow, cylindrical, three times as long as it is broad ; third yellow, strongly clavate. Body slender ; the relative lengths of the successive segments, measured along the median dorsal line, are 9:18:10:10:9:7:9:10:11:11:11: 10:7; thorax feebly arched; coxa? (fig. 10) brown; trochanter yel- low ; femur brown, with yellow apex ; tibia brown ; tarsus brown, basally and apically ; claws and cerci brown. Median cercus one- quarter longer than the body, or nearly as long as the antennas ; lateral cerci nearly one-third as long as the median cercus. From a perfect specimen were taken the following measurements of relative lengths : body, 8; antennae, 11 ; median cercus, 10; lateral cerci, 3. The scales are so variable in size and form as to be of no specific value, at least in this species; the cuticular figures, however (fig. 58), will assist in distinguishing this form. Length, 8 mm. Type. Cat. No. 5433, U. S. Nat. Museum. Nine types: three, Muir Glacier ("hillside to right"), June n, 1899 (No. 68); five, Popof Island, 1899 (Nos. 59, 66) ; one, Sitka, June, 1899 (No. 61). I have found no species to which M. arctica is closely allied. Its most distinctive characters are the relative lengths of body, antennas and cerci, the coloration of the head, form and position of the eyes and the color and form of the antennal and palpal segments. IO2 FOLSOM [ IO 4] BIBLIOGRAPHY. Absolon, K. 1900 Studie o jeskynnich supinuskach [Studies on Moravian Cave Aptery- gota]. Vestnik Klubu prir Prostejove, R. 3, pp. 5-39, figs. 1-24, i pi. Becher, E. 1886 Insekten von Jan Mayen. Beob. Ergeb., bd. 3, pp. 59-66, pi. 5. Bourlet. 1839 Memoire sur les Podures. Mem. soc. sc. agric. arts Lille, pt. I, pp. 377-417, i pi. 1841-2 Mdmoire sur les Podurelles. Me"m. soc. agric. etc. Nord. Sep., 1843, Douai, 78 pp., i pi. Carpenter, G. H. and Evans, W. 1899 The Collembola and Thysanura of the Edinburgh District. Proc. r. phys. soc. Edinburgh, vol. 14, pp. 221-266, pis. 5-8. Carpenter, G. H. 1900 Collembola from Franz-Josef Land. Sc. proc. r. Dublin soc., vol. 9 (n. s.). pt. 3, pp. 271-278, 18 figs. Dalla Torre, K. W. v. 1895 Die Gattungen und Arten der Apterygogenea (Brauer). Sep. 46 Prog, k. k. St. -Gym. Innsbruck, 23 pp. Fabricius, 0. 1780 Fauna Groenlandica, pp. 211-214. Hafniae et Lipsiae. Gervais, P. 1844 In Walckenaer, Histoire naturelle des insectes apteres, t. 3, pp. 377-456, atlas pis. 50-52. Paris. Gmelin, J. F. 1788-93 In Linne, Systema Naturae, ed. 13. Lipsise. Kieffer, J. J. 1900 Beitrag zur Kenntniss der um Bitsch vorkommenden Collembolen. Berl. ent. Zeits., bd. 45, hft. 1-2, pp. 113-114. Lie-Pettersen, 0. J. 1897 Norges Collembola. Bergens mus. aarb. (1896), no. 8, 24 pp., 2 pis. 1898 Apterygogenea in Sogn und Nordfjord 1897 u. 1898 eingesammelt. Bergens mus. aarb., no. 6, 18 pp., i pi. Linnaeus, C. 1746 Fauna Suecica, ed. i, pp. 342-344. Stockholm?*. 1761 Fauna Suecica, ed. 2, pp. 472-474. Stockholmia?. Lubbock, J. 1862 Notes on the Thysanura. Pt. 2. Trans. Linn. soc. Lond., vol. ,23, pt. 3. PP- 5 8 9- 601 . P 1 - 59- 1873 Monograph of the Collembola and Thysanura. 255 (pp., 78 pis. London. t [lO5] APTERYGOTA 103 MacGillivray, A. D 1891 A Catalogue of the Thysanura of North America. Can. Ent., vol. 23, pp. 267-276. 1896 The American Species of Isotoma. Can. Ent., vol. 28, pp. 47-58- Meinert, F. 1897 Neuroptera, Pseudoneuroptera, Thysanopoda, Mallophaga, Collembola, Suctoria, Siphunculata, Groenlandica. Vidensk. Med. naturh. Foren. Kjobenhavn (1896), pp. 167-173. Miiller, 0. F. 1776 Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, pp. 183-184. Havnise. Nicolet, H. 1841 Recherches pour servir a 1'histoire des Podurelles. Extr. nouv. mem. soc. helv. sc. nat., vol. 6, 84 pp., 9 pis. 1847 Essai sur une classification des insectes apteres de 1'ordre des Thysan- oures. Ann. soc. ent. France, ser. 2, t. 5, pp. 335~395> P ls - 5i 6 - Oudemans, J. T. 1890 Apterygota des Indischen Archipels. Weber, Zool. Ergeb., bd. i, hft. i, pp. 73-92, taf. 6, 7. Leiden. Packard, A. S. J 873 Synopsis of the Thysanura of Essex County, Mass., with Descriptions of a few extralimital forms. Fifth ann. rept. trust. Peab. acad., pp. 23-5I- Parona, C. 1875 Delle Poduridi e specialmente di quelle raccolte a Pavia. Ann. sc. r. ist. tec. Pavia, pp. 87-119, 2 pis. 1878 Collembola. Saggio di tin Catalogo delle Poduridi italiane. Atti. soc ital. sc. nat., vol. 21, pp. 559-611. Sep., 53 pp. 1883 Di alcune Collembola e Thysanura raccolte dal Professore P. M. Ferrari, con cenno corologico delle Collembola e Thysanura italiane. Ann. mus. civ. st. nat. Geneva, vol. 18, pp. 453-464. 1888 Res Ligusticae VI. Collembole e Tisanuri finora riscontrate in Liguria. Ann. mus. civ. st. nat. Genova, ser. 2, vol, 6 (26), pp. 133-154, tav. I, 2. Reuter, 0. M. 1891 Podurider fran nordvestra Sibirien, samlade af J. R. Sahlberg. Ofv. finsk. vet. soc. forh., bd. 33, pp. 226-229. 1895 Apterygogenea Fennica. Acta soc. faun, flora fenn., bd. n, no. 4, pp. 1-35, taf. i, 2. Schaffer, C. 1896 Die Collembola der Umgebung von Hamburg und benachbarter Gebiete. Mitt, naturh. mus. Hamburg., jhg. 13, pp. 147-216, taf. 1-4. 1898 Die Collembola des Bismarck-Archipel nach der Ausbeute von Prof. F. Dahl. Arch. Naturg., jhg. 64, bd. I, hft. 3, pp. 393-425, taf. n, 12. igoort Die arktischen und subarktischen Collembola. Fauna Arctica, bd. i, lief. 2, pp. 257-258. igoo Ueber wiirttembergische Collembola. Jahreshefte. Vereins vaterl. Naturk. Wiirttemberg, bd. 56, pp. 245-280, taf. 6. 104 FOLSOM [ IO 6] Scherbakof , A. M. I8g8a Einige Bemerkungen iiber Apterygogenea, die bei Kiew 1896-1897 gefunden wurden. Zool. Anz., bd. 21, pp. 57-65, 9 figs. i8g83 [Materials for the apterygogenea fauna in the vicinity of Kief.] 31 pp., 3 pis. Kief. (In Russian.) i&gga Zur Collembolen-Fauna Spitzbergens. Zool. Anz., bd. 22, p. 47, 3 figs. i8gg [Collembola.] 6pp., i pi. Kief. Schott, H. 1891 Nya nordiska Collembola. Ent. tidsk., arg. 12, pp. 191-192, 2 figs. i8g4 Zur systematik und verbreitung palsearctischer Collembola. Kongl. sven. vet. akad. hand., bd. 25, no. u, 100 pp., 7 pis. i8g6 North American Apterygogenea. Proc. Cal. acad. sc., ser. 2, vol. 6, pp. 169-196, pis. 16-18. Tomosvary, 0. 1882 Adatok hazank Thysanura-faunajahoz. Math. term, kozlem, Magyar Ak., vol. 18, pp. 119-130, i pi. Tullberg, T. 1871 Forteckning 6'fver Svenska Podurider. Ofv. k. vet. akad. fb'rh., arg. 28, no. i, pp. i43- I 55- 1872 Sveriges Podurider. K. sven. vet. akad. hand., bd. 10, no. 10, 70 pp. 12 pis. 1876 Collembola borealia. Ofv. k. vet. akad. forh., arg. 33. no. 5, pp. 23-42, taf. 8-i i. Uzel, J. i8gi Thysanura Bohemiae. Sitzber. k. boh. Gesell. Wiss., bd. 2, pp. 3-82, taf. i, 2. Wahlgren, E. i8gg Ueber die von der Schwedischen Polarexpedition 1898 gesammelten Collembolen. Ofv. k. vet. akad. forh., arg. 56, no. 4, pp. 335-340. i8gg Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Collembola-Fauna der ausseren Scharen. Ent. tidsk., arg. 20, hft. 2-3, pp. 183-193. PLATE VI. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV, PI. IV.] FIG. I. Neanura gigantea Tull. (X 20 )- 2. " ornata, sp. nov. (X 60). 3. Annrida amorifa, sp. nov. (X : 8). 4. hotoma viridis Bourl., type (X J 3)' 5. " , " var. arctica Schott (X 12). [108] [PR. WASH. A. S., IV, PL. V] H. A. E. VOL. VIII, PLATE VI ' \, FOLSOM, DEL. HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. ALASKA APTERYGOTA PLATE VII. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV, PI. V.] FIG. 6. Machtlis arc/tea, sp. nov. (X8). 7- " " " " antenna (X 30). 8. " " " " left maxillary palpus (X 30). 9- " " " " right labial palpus (X 30). 10. " " " " left mid leg (X 30). [no] (108) [PR. WASH. A. S., IV, PL. V] H. A. E. VOL. VIII, PLATE VII C OLSOM, DEL. ALASKA APTERYGOTA HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. PLATE VIII. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV, PI. VI.] FIG ii. Neanura gigantea Tull.; eyes of left side (X I2 7)- 12. " " " left postantennal organ (X 434)- 13. " " " left aspect of hind foot (X 99)- 14. " ornata sp. nov.; head; eyes indicated by e, c, e (X99)- 15. " " " " left aspect of left antenna (X i 2 7)- 16. " " " " ventral aspect of head (X 60). 17. " " " " metanotal setae (X 434)- 1 8. " " " " right aspect of left forefoot (X 367)- 19. Annrida amorita sp. nov.; eyes and postantennal organ of right side (X200). 20. Annrida amorita sp. nov.; left postantennal organ (X434)- 21. " " " " right " " (X434)- ( fi S s - 2O and 21 are from the same individual.) 22. Annrida amorita sp. nov.; dorsal aspect of right antennal organ (X367). 23. Annrida amorita sp. nov.; left mid foot (X^oo) 24. " " " " right aspect of right fore foot (X3) [112] (no) [PR. WASH. -. c .. IV. PL. VI 1 H. -. E. VOL. VIII, PLAT . C OLSOM, DEL. HELIOTYPE CO. ALASKA APTERYGOTA PLATE IX. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV, PI. VII.] FIG. 25. Aphorura octopunctata Tull.; right postantennal organ, etc. ( X 26. " " " dorsal aspect of right antennal organ ( X 434)- 27. Aphorura octopunctata Tull.; left aspect of left hind foot ( X 3^7). 28. " " " left aspect of left anal spine ( X 357)- 29. " dentata sp. nov.; represents arrangement of dorsal pseudo- celli ( X 20). 30. Aphorura dentata sp. nov. ; right postantennal organ ( X 434)- 31. " " " " deeper structure of postantennal organ (X434)- 32. Aphorura dentata sp. nov.; base of right antenna ( X I2 7)' 33. " " " " dorsal aspect of right antennal organ (X434)- 34 Aphorura dentata sp. nov. ; left aspect of right hind foot ( X 200). 35. " " " " dorsal aspect of anal spines ( X 200). f 36. " " " " right aspect of right anal spine ( X 200). 37. Isotoma fimetaria (L.) Tull.; antenna ( X 60). 38. " " " " left aspect of right hind foot ( X 434)- 39. " " " " left mucro ( X 434> 40. " viridis Bourl., var. arctica Schott; eyes and postantennal or- gan of right side ( X 200). 41. Isotoma viridis Bourl., var. arctica Schott; left aspect of left fore foot ( X 200). 42. Isotoma viridis Bourl., var. arctica Schott; right aspect of right mucro (X434)- [114] (112) [PR. WASH. A. S., IV, PL. VII] . E. VOL. VIII, PLATE IX FOLSOM, DEL. HELIOTYPE CO. ALASKA APTERYGOTA PLATE X. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV, PI. VIII.] FIG. 43. Entomobtya kiticaidi sp. nov.; eyes of right side (X374) 44. " " " " left aspect of left hind foot (X434> 45. " " " " left aspect of left mucro (X 434)- 46. Tomocerus niger Bourl., type; right aspect of right fore foot (X367)- 47. " " " " dental spines (X 200). 48. " " " var. rc//cw5 Schott; eyes of right side (X 367). 49. " " " " J' " right aspect of left hind foot (X 367)- 50. Tomocerus niger Bourl., var. arcticus Schott ; dental spines (X 200). 51. " " " " " " doubled dental spines (X200). 52. Tomocerus niger Bourl., var. arcticus Schott; dental spines slightly ab- normal (X 200). 53. Tomocerus niger Bourl., var. americanus Schott; dental spines (X 200). 54. Papirius palmatus sp. nov.; eyes of left side (X 127). 55. " " " " left aspect of left hind foot (X 367). 56. " " " " left aspect of left mucro, etc. (X 200). 57. Machilis arctica sp. nov.; dorsal aspect of head (X 28). 58. " " " " cuticular figure (X434)- [116] (114) [PR. WASH. A. S., IV, PL. Vlll] . E. VOL. VIII, PLATE X FOLSOM, DEL. HELIOTYPE CO. ALASKA APTERYGOTA ORTHOPTERA OF THE EX- PEDITION ("5) The following paper on the Orthoptera of the Expedition, by A. N. Caudell, Division of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. u, pp. 511-512, Dec. 20, 1900. It is here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagination has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [512] ; while the consecu- tive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. The present headpiece and title have been substituted for the running heading of the Academy's Proceedings and the original title, which was : Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition, xv. Entomological Results (9) : Orthoptera. No other alterations have been made. EDITOR. (116) ORTHOPTERA OF THE EXPEDITION BY A. N. CAUDELL THE large collection of insects obtained during the Harri- man Alaska Expedition by Professor Kincaid contained only a single species of Orthoptera, as follows : Melanoplus borealis Fieber. Melanophts borealis FIEBER, Lotos, in, p. 120, 1853. SCUDDER, Rev. Mela- nop., p. 270, 1897. Professor Kincaid secured five adults, three males and two females, and nine nymphs, at Kukak Bay, Alaska Peninsula (July 3, 1899). They were all taken within a few feet of a small pool in a sphagnum swamp. This pool, which was about ten feet in diameter, was surrounded by a miscellaneous vege- tation, in which the locusts lived. The specimens were cap- tured by causing them to leap into the water, when they were easily secured. They were preserved in spirits. A large scope of country surrounding this spot was carefully gone over by the collector during the succeeding fortnight and many similar pools visited, but not another locust was seen. This would in- dicate that this species is quite local in its occurrence. [511] ("7) IlS CAUDELL [5 12 ] The nymphs, which are apparently in the last stage, usually have the outer surface of the posterior femora wholly black on the basal two-thirds, generally relieved by two oblique pale bands, and the inner surface marked by two oblong fuscous spots. This species has been recorded from the Northern United States, Labrador, Greenland, and Norway. APHIDID.E OF THE EX- PEDITION ("9) The following paper on the Aphididae of the Expedition, by Theo. Pergande, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Wash- ington Academy of Sciences, vol. n, pp. 513-517, Dec. 20, 1900. It is here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagination has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [514]; while the consecutive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. The present headpiece and title have been substituted for the running heading of the Academy's Proceedings and the original title, which was : Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition, xvi. En- tomological Results (10) : Aphididce. No other alterations have been made. EDITOR. (120) OF THE EXPEDITION BY THEO. PERGANDE THIS paper is based upon a small collection of plant lice ob- tained in Alaska by Professor Trevor Kincaid during the Har- riman Expedition in 1899. The material thus brought together comprises four species, one of them European, while the remaining three appear to be new ; at least I failed to identify them with any of our described forms. It is greatly to be regretted that the migratory female was obtained with only two of them, that no colorational notes were made of the living insects before immersion in alcohol, and that no attempt was made to ascertain the name of the host plants on which they were feeding. The descriptions of the new species will therefore be rather defective and incomplete, though I hope they will enable future students to recognize them. nov. NECTAROPHORA CAUDATA sp. Winged viviparous female : general color apparently green or yel- lowish green. Antennae black; the two basal joints dusky, their base and base of the third pale. Eyes brown. The head, a somewhat lunate spot at the posterior margin of the prothorax, the mesothoracic (121) 122 PERGANDE [S I 4] lobes and sternal plate, posterior margin of the scutellum, two small roundish spots on the metathorax, a transverse row of three small linear spots on the first abdominal segment, a narrow, transverse band about the middle of the abdomen, a dorso-lateral row of three trans- verse spots in front of and two smaller spots between the nectaries of a brownish or dusky coloration. Legs brownish yellow, base of femora greenish yellow ; both the femora and tibia? change gradually to a darker brown towards the apex. Tarsi black. Nectaries and tail concolorous with the abdomen, with tip of nectaries blackish. The wings were very much mutilated, though the subcosta appears to have been green- ish or greenish yellow at base and shading gradually to brownish yel- low towards the stigma, which appears to have been greenish or yel- lowish green ; veins black. Length of body about 3.4 mm. ; expanse of wings about 10 mm. ; length of antennae almost 4 mm. ; of the nectaries nearly 0.4 mm. ; and of the tail a little over 0.2 mm. The two basal joints of the antennas, as usual, shortest, each of them slightly over o.i mm., the first one being slightly the longest; the third joint measures 0.8 mm. in length, the fourth nearly 0.7, the fifth a little over 0.5 mm., and the sixth with its spur 1.2 mm. in length. The hairs of the antennae and abdomen are very short, simple and sparse, while those of the tibiae are prom- inent and spine-like. The nectaries are slightly tapering and much shorter than usual in this genus, not reaching to the end of the body, while the tail is unusually broad and but slightly constricted beyond the middle. Apterous female : General coloration similar to that of the winged form ; eyes brown, antennas black, the two basal joints pale, the third joint brownish. Legs and nectaries brownish yellow, base of femora greenish, apex of the tibiae, of the nectaries and the tarsi black. There are no markings on the abdomen, except a dorso-lateral row of five or six minute, impressed, dusky dots each side in front of the nectaries. Length, 3.6 to 4 mm. to the tip of the tail; antennae rather short, barely reaching to nectaries and about 3 mm. in length. The third joint measures almost 0.7 mm., the fourth somewhat over 0.4 mm., the fifth 0.4 mm., and the sixth with its spur o.S mm. in length. There are from one to four small sensoria a little above the base of the third joint. The nectaries and tail are subequal in length, or with the tail, as in some specimens, distinctly longer than the nectaries ; the tail measures about 0.4 mm. in length and is much broader than in the winged form. The winged form of this species resembles, on account of the mark- [515] APHIDID.^ 123 ings of its abdomen, Nectarophora granctria Kirby; it is, however, larger, with much shorter nectaries and much broader tail, while the apterous form, on account of the short nectaries comes near Nectaro- phora fulvce Oestl., though it is considerably larger and differs be- sides in the conspicuously broad tail. Taken at Juneau, Alaska. 7ype. Cat. no. 5274, U. S. National Museum. NECTAROPHORA INSULARIS sp. nov. Apterous female: General color evidently green. Eyes brorwn; antennas black, the two basal joints, and the basal two-thirds or more of joints three and four pale. Legs pale, the coxae brown, apex of tibiae, the tarsi and the tip of nectaries dusky to black. The body is marked with a subdorsal row of nine small dusky spots, of which those on the prothorax and mesothorax are elongated ; there are also two me- cliodorsal spots on the metathorax; four still smaller dorso-lateral spots in front of nectaries and four minute ventro-lateral spots. In some of the immature specimens the nectaries are almost black. Length of body to tip of tail 3 to 3.4 mm., antennae rather long, reaching to or beyond tip of tail and about 4 mm. in length. Length of nectaries 0.7 to o.S mm. ; tail about 0.3 mm. Length of third an- tennal joint about 0.7 mm. ; fourth joint 0.6 mm. ; fifth joint 0.5 mm., and the sixth, with its spur, 2 to 3 mm. in length, the spur being much longer than joint three. The first joint is very stout and almost twice the length of the second ; the third joint is provided with one to three small sensoria near its base. Nectaries slender, slightly tapering and curving outwards. Hairs of antennae minute and simple, those of the tibiae stout and spine-like, a few of them sometimes slightly thickened at the tip. This species resembles somewhat Nectarophora pisi Kalt., but is much larger, the legs shorter and stouter, the nectaries shorter and the tail broader. Obtained on St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. Type. Cat. no. 5275, U. S. National Museum. NECTAROPHORA EPILOBII sp. nov. Apterous female : Color apparently dark reddish or brownish. Eyes brown. Head, antennae, nectaries, coxae, terminal third of fem- ora and tibiae, the tarsi and anal lobes black, remaining parts of legs dark yellowish ; tail yellow. There is a black or dusky band on the 124 PERGANDE [5*6] prothorax and mesothorax, a longitudinal dusky mark each side of the mesothoracic band, transverse rows of minute black dots on the abdo- men, and a large black spot at the base of the nectaries posteriorly. Length of body, exclusive of the tail, 3 to 3.4 mm. Length of an- tennae 3.5 mm.; nectaries 0.7 mm.; tail 0.6 mm. The third joint of the antenna? measures 1.2 mm.; the fourth joint 0.6 mm.; the fifth 0.5 mm., and the sixth, with its spur, 1.2 mm. The third antennal joint is provided with a row of nine to ten prom- inent sensorial tubercles near its basal one-third. Nectaries stout and tapering; tail prominent, almost as long as nectaries, densely covered with sharp points and provided each side with five or six small notches, which give rise to a fine, long and curved hair. Hairs of an- tennas and legs stout and spine-like, those of the body rather long, slender and simple. In general appearance this species resembles very much Nectaro- pJiora millefolii Fab., but is larger and not so hairy as that species. Found upon a species of Epilobium on Popof Island, Alaska. Type. Cat. no. 5276, U. S. National Museum. CLADOBIUS POPULEUS Kalt. Cladobius pop uleus KALT., Monog. d. Pflanzenl., I, p. 116, 1843. (Aphis, .) While studying this handsome species and comparing it with the descriptions by Kaltenbach and Koch, I became convinced that it was identical with that described by these authors, notwithstanding both of them speak of the nectaries as being cylindrical, whereas, in fact, they are clavate. This error, or discrepancy was evidently due to the fact that the nectaries of this and probably some other species of this genus are rather more slender than usual and when being carried parallel to the sides of the abdomen, appears to be more or less dis tinctly cylindrical, whereas, in projecting obliquely from the sides of the body their clavate character becomes quite plain. In many of the species of this genus the nectaries are unusually robust and conspic- uously clavate, while in others this character becomes less and less pronounced and may easily lead to errors. Besides this oversight, Koch made evidently additional errors while drawing up his diagnosis of this genus, which, no doubt, was due to impaired eyesight. One of the most notable instances is his statement that joints four to six are of nearly equal length and that the, so-called, seventh joint is very small ; in reality joints four, five, and the spur, or seventh joint, are, as stated by Kaltenbach, subequal in length, [517] APHIDID^E 125 whereas, as is usual in the higher groups of Aphidinae, the sixth joint is shorter than either of these joints, and, since our Alaska insect agrees in coloration and other important characters, excepting the nectaries, with Kaltenbach's description, I take it for granted that it belongs to the same species. It may be of interest in this connection to point out that Ptero- comma pilosa Buckton, belongs also to this genus and that his Pterocomma has to be dropped. In examining the type specimen of Pterocomma pilosa, which had been kindly loaned me by Dr. Buckton for study, I was surprised to find that the principal char- acter, the peculiar shape of the wings, on which this genus was founded, does not exist, but that it was the result of poor preparation, by which a peculiar fold along the third discoidal vein was formed, which can be readily traced by gently focusing this part of the wing. It is quite possible that his species may belong to the same species ; at least, it appears to come very near to it. Additional studies of other genera with more or less distinctly clavate nectaries have convinced me that the genus Melanoxanthus Buck- ton has also to be dropped and that it must be made a synonym of Cladobius. The clavate character of the nectaries in different species varies considerably, so that it frequently may happen that the clavate character of rather slender nectaries is overlooked, especially if they lay parallel with, or close to the abdomen. The general appearance, however, of these insects, their rather large size, strong pilosity of the body and its members and the minute, blunt tail, will not fail, even if the exact shape of the nectaries cannot be ascertained, to assign them to their proper position. The synonymy of this genus will therefore read : CLADOBIUS Koch. Melanoxanthus Buckton. Pterocomma Buckton. HOMOPTERA OF ALASKA (127) THE HOMOPTBRA OF ALASKA BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD INTRODUCTION THE insects of the suborder Homoptera found in Alaska, in comparison with those in the other orders taken by the Harri- man Expedition, are few in number and somewhat disappoint- ing, although they add considerably to our knowledge of the Alaska fauna. Few species of rhynchotous insects have been recorded from this territory, and our knowledge is most meager. Dr. C. Stal, in a paper entitled ' Beitrag zur Hemipteren- Fauna Siberiens und des Russischen Nord-Amerika,' pub- lished in 1858, l was the first to record any species from Alaska. In this contribution Dr. Stal enumerated, in all, 113 species, of which only thirteen came from Alaska, and nearly all of these were collected at Sitka. Substantially, this was all that was known of the fauna up to the date of the Harriman Expedition. Some of the Rhynchota taken by the Expedition have already been reported upon : (i) The Heteroptera, by O. Heideman ; (2) the Psyllidce, by E. A. Schwarz ; and (3) the Stettin, ent. Zeitg., xix, 1858. (129) I3O ASHMEAD Aphididge, by Theo. Pergande. In studying the remaining un- worked material I have here followed my usual plan, and shall give a complete list of all the species in the suborder Homoptera now known to occur in Alaska, arranged in systematic order. In all, twenty-four species are known in this suborder, ar- ranged under five families and thirteen genera. Of the species, four have a wide distribution in Europe and North America, namely, Euacanthus acuminatus (Fabr.), Deltoccphalns abdomi- valis (Fabr.), Cicadula sexnotata (Fallen), and C. fasciifrons (Stal), and will ultimately be found to occur in northern Asia. Cicadula Iccta (Uhler) occurs in Colorado and Labrador. SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT. Order RHYNCHOTA. Suborder Homoptera. Superfamily FULGOROIDEA Ashmead. 1 Family DELPHACID^). Genus Delphax Fabricius. DELPHAX STEJNEGERI Ashmead. Delphax stejnegeri ASHM., Fur Seals and Fur Seal Isl., iv, 340, 1899. Type. CtA. No. 4046, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea. Additional specimens from Metlakatla, June 4 ; Popof Island, Shumagin Islands, July 8 ; Farragut Bay, June 5. This species was originally described from a single female specimen taken by Dr. L. Stejneger on Bering Island. Several specimens were taken by the Harriman Expedition, among which are two brachyp- terous males that differ from the female as follows : Length 2.4 mm. The face, except the frontal and the clypeal carinoe, the scutellum, except the carinoe and the extreme lateral and posterior margins, the depressions on the sides of the pronotum, the mesopleura, except laterally and the sutures, the mesonotum, most of the coxa3 and most of the abdomen, except the first and second sutures and some- times the extreme lateral margins of dorsal segments, the extreme upper edges of the pygofers and the circular disk, surrounding the cerci, which are pale yellowish, are black ; otherwise, except in the usual sexual difference, it agrees with the female. 1 The Superfamily Cicadoidea is not yet reported from Alaska, but undoubtedly has representatives in the interior. HOMOPTERA 13! DELPHAX HEMIPTERUS Germar. Delphax hemiptera GERMAR, Svensk. vet. Akad. hand!., 24, 1844. GER- MAR, Mag. d. Ent., iv, 50, 1822. STAL, Ofvers. kongl. vet. Akad. forh., vn, 194, 1851. Sitka. Superfamily JASSOIDEA Van Duzee. Family BYTEOSCOPID^E. Genus Idiocerus Lewis. IDIOCERUS STRIOLA Fieber. Idiocerus striola FIEBER, Verb, zobl.-bot. Gesell. Wien, xvni, 453, 1868. VAN DUZEE, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxi, 262, 1894. Sitka. Family CERCOPID^). Subfamily APHROPHORIN^. Genus Aphrophora Germar. APHROPHORA CORTICEA (Germar). Cercopis corticea GERMAR, Mag. d. Ent., iv, 50, 1821. Aphrophora corticea BOHEMAN, kongl. vet. Akad. handl., 24, 1847. ST!L, Stettin, ent. Zeitg., xix, 197, 1854 ; DieCicad., 64, 1868. J. SAHLBERG, Nat. Fenn., xii, 80, 1871. MELICHAR, Cicad. v. Mittel. Eur., 119, 1896. Sitka. Subfamily TE TTIG ONIIN^E. Tribe Tettigoniini. Genus Euacanthus Lepeletier et Serville. EU ACANTHUS ACUMINATUS (Fabricius). Cicada acinninata FABR. , Syst. Rhyng., 76, 1803. FALLEN, Hem. Suec., n, 29, 1826. HERR.-SCHAEF., Nom. Ent., 67, 1835. Tettigonia acuminata FALLEN, D. Ins., in, 1805-1806. Euacanthus acuminatus KIRSCHBAUM, Cicad. Wiesb. u. Frankf. , 73, 1868. FLOR., Rhync. Liol., n, 152, 1861. J. SAHLBERG, Nat. Fenn., xii, 108, 1868. EDWARDS, Syn. Brit. Hemop., n, 1886. MELICHAR, Cicad. Hem.-Homop. Mitkl. Europ., 179., 1896. Amblycephahts germari MARSHALL, Ent. Mo. Mag., n, 85, 1865. Fox Point, Southeast Alaska, July ; Metlakatla, July 4. Six specimens. It has also been taken at Fort Wrangell by Pro- fessor W. H. Wickham. 132 ASHMEAD Family JASSHXE. Tribe Deltocephalini. Genus Deltocephalus Burmeister. DELTOCEPHALUS ABDOMINALIS (Fabricius). Cercopis bicolor FABRICIUS, Ent. Syst. , iv, 40, 1 794. Cercopis abdoininalis FABRICIUS, Syst. Rhyn., 98, 1803. Cicada abdominalis FALLEN, Hem. Suec., n, 37, 1829. ZETTERSTEDT, Ins. Lappon., 290, 1840. Jassus (Deltocephalus) abdominalis FLOR., Rhync. Liol., n, 249, 1860. GERMAR, Faun. Ins. Eur., fasc. 17, tab. 19. KIRSCHBAUM, Die Cicad. v. Wiesbaden u. Frankfurt, 129, 1868. Deltocephalus abdominalis FIEBER, Verh. zool. -bot. Gesell. Wien, xix, 215, 1869. J. SAHLBERG, Nat. Fenn., xn, 328. EDWARDS, Syn. Brit. Homop., 44, 148. MELICHAR, Cicad. v. Mittel. Eur., 140, 1896. Popof Island, Shumagin Islands, July 7. DELTOCEPHALUS HARRIMANI sp. nov. Male. Length to tip of elytra 3.2 mm. Pale or light mushroom brown, the mesonotum with at least three faint pale longitudinal lines, the vertex with a pale median line and a hook-shaped line on each side, the face with 7 or 8 transverse whitish lines interrupted medially ; the thorax beneath, except the sutures and margins of the sclerites, and the abdomen, except the apex of the penultimate and ultimate ventral seg- ments and the apical margins of the dorsal segments, which are pale, are smoky or blackish; the legs are pale, the front femora with a brown annulus at base, the two last joints of the hind tarsi fuscous. Elytra hyaline, the veins pale, the clavus with two oblong brown spots, and an irregular series of brown dashes or spots, extending from the middle discoidal cell forward to and enclosing the middle apical cell. Type. Cat. No. 6868, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Seldovia, Kenai Peninsula, July 7- Three specimens. DELTOCEPHALUS EVANSI sp. nov. Male. Length to tip of elytra, which extend beyond tip of abdomen, 5 mm. Form of D. abdominalis (Fabr.), but slightly smaller and pale greenish, the upper surface of the head, thorax, and the elytra im- maculate, except two fuscous dashes at the middle of the angular head and a slight curved line on each side extending from the dashes toward the eyes ; frons with 6 or 7 transverse fuscous lines, these becoming shorter and shorter, the seventh being a mere dot ; sutures of the face and lora fuscous ; thorax at sides and beneath and the abdomen black- ish ; some of the abdominal segments at apex are narrowly margined with yellowish white ; while the legs are maculate with fuscous spots. HOMOPTERA 133 Female. Length to tip of abdomen 4.5 mm., the elytra somewhat abbreviated and not extending to the tip of the abdomen. Differs in color from the male in having the apex of the abdomen, the venter, and legs pale yellowish, the hind tarsi fuscous. Kusilof, July, 1899 (W. H. Evans). Type. Cat. No. 6869, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Kusilof, July, 1898 (W. H. Evans). Additional specimens from Metlakatla, July 4. Tribe Cicadulini. Genus Cicadula Zetterstedt. CICADULA SEXNOTATA (Fallen). Cicada sexnotata FALLEN, Acta Holm., xxn, 34, 1806. Kongl. vet. Akad. handl., 33, 1 806. FALLEN, Hem. Suec., u, 47, 1826. Eiipteryx sex no fata CURTIS, Brit. Ent., xiv, 14, pi. 640, 10. Tettigonia 6-notata GERM., Faun. Ins. Eur., fasc. 14, tab. 13. Jassus 6-notatus BURMEISTER, Gen. Ins., i, NO. 17, 1840. WALKER, List Homop. Brit. Mus., in, 878, 1851. FLOR., Rhync. Liol., n, 341, 1861. MARSHALL, Ent. Mo. Mag., 111,125,1867. THOMSON, Opus. Ent.,i, 77. Acrosteles 6-notata FIEBER, Verb, zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, xvi, 54, 1866. Limnotettix sexnotata J. SAHLBERG, Nat. Fenn., xn, 247, 1879. STAL, Stettin. ent. Zeitg., xix, 194, 1858. EDWARDS, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 76, 1888. Cicada alpina ZETTERSTEDT, Ins. Lappon., 297, 1840. Cicadula sexnotata ZETTERSTEDT, Ins. Lappon., 297, 1840. SCOTT, Ent. Mo. Mag., xi, 230, 1870. FIEBER, Revue d'Ent., iv, 47, 1885. WOOD- WORTH, Psyche, v, 75, 1888-90. PROVANCHER, Pet. Faun. Ent. Can., in, 287, 1890. VAN DUZEE, Psyche, vi, 305, 1891-92. HARRINGTON, Ottawa Nat., vi, 32, 1892. SOUTHWICK, Science, xix, 288, 1892. OSBORN, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., i, 12, 1892. SLOSSON, Ent. News, v, 5, 1894. VAN DUZEE, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxi, 307, 1894. MELI- CHAR, Cicad. v. Mittel-Eur., p. 309, 1896. Popof Island, Shumagin Ids., July 17; Seldovia, July 21 ; Karluk, Kadiak Island. CICADULA FASCIIFRONS (Stal). Thamnotettix fasciifrons STAL, Stettin, ent. Zeitg., xix, 192, 1858. Cicadula fasciifrons FIEBER, Revue' d Ent., iv, 48, 57, 1885. VAN DUZEE, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxi, 308, 1894. Sitka; Popof Island, Shumagin Ids., July 7; Seldovia, July 21 ; Karluk, Kadiak Island. Sixteen specimens. CICADULA L^ETA (Uhler). Jassus Icetus UHLER, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., u, 360, 1876; id., in, 473, 1877- Thamnotettix Icetus VAN DUZEE, Psyche, vi, 306, 1891-92 ; Can. Ent., xxiv, 268, 1892 ; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxi, 303, 1894. Popof Island, Shumagin Islands, July 7. 134 ASHMEAD CICADULA LINEATIFRONS (Stal). Thamnotettix lineatifrons STAL, Stettin, ent. Zeitg., xix, 195, 1858. FIEBER, Revue d' Ent., iv, 85, 1885. VAN DUZEE, Trans. Ent. Soc., xxi, 303, 1894. Sitka ; additional specimens from Seldovia, July. CICADULA UNG^ sp. nov. Female. Length to tip of elytra 5.1 mm. Stature and general appearance of C. Iceta (Uhler), and evidently allied. General color yellowish, the vertex and the face black ; the crown has a yellowish median line which extends forward and connects with a transverse yellowish band on the upper margin of the face, and on each side of this median line is a circular yellowish line enclosing a rounded black spot, which, however, is not entirely separated from the black along the eyes ; cheeks yellowish, with a spot beneath the eyes and an oblique line across the lora black ; thorax at sides and beneath black, the mesonotum along the anterior and posterior margins blackish, the scutellum black except the extreme margins, the prosternum marked with yellow, the mesopleura with a yellow oblique line which is connected with a yellow line along the hind margin ; legs blackish, the joints of the trochanters apically, the front and middle femora at apex and beneath, interrupted by a black spot or band, and the hind femora, except at sides basally, which are black, the black ex- tending into a narrow line, apically, are yellowish ; the hind tibiae are black beneath, with a double row of black dots behind, the joints of tarsi are black apically, with a black line beneath and above. The elytra are yellowish along the costa, the veins being margined with fuscous. Abdomen black, the dorsal segments at apex and along the sides are margined narrowly with yellow, while the terminal ventral segment, except a black spot laterally near the base and along the basal margin, is almost wholly yellow. Type. Cat. No. 6870, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Unga Island, Shuma- gin Islands, July 2. One specimen. Subfamily TTPHLOCTBIN^. Genus Dicraneura Hardy. DICRANEURA CARNEOLA (Stal). Typhlocyla carneola STAL, Stettin, ent. Zeitg., xix, 196, 1858. D icr anon e nra carneola WOODWORTH, Psyche, v, 213, 1888-90. Dicraneura carneola VAN DUZEE, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxi, 311, 1894. Sitka. HOMOPTERA 135 Genus Chloroneura Walsh. CHLORONEURA PURA (Stal). Typhlocyba pura STAL, Stettin, ent. Zeitg., x, 175, 1858. Empoasca pura WOODWORTH, Psyche, v, 213, 1888-90. Sitka. Genus Empoasca Walsh. EMPOASCA COMMISSURALIS (Stal). Typhlocyba commissuralis STAL, Stettin, ent. Zeitg., xix, 196, 1858. Empoasca commissuralis WOODWORTH, Psyche, v, 214, 1888-90. VAN DUZEE, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxi, 310, 1894. Sitka. Superfamily PSTLLOIDEA Ashmead. Family PSYLLHXE. Genus Aphalara Forster. APHALARA SCHWARZI sp. nov. Aphalara,^. SCHWARZ, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., n, 539, 1900. Female. Length to tip of abdomen 2.3 mm., to tip of wings 4.2 mm. General ground color greenish-white, the crown of the head, except narrowly at the margins, the middle of the face, the thorax beneath, except narrowly along the sutures of the sclerites, the coxae, the femora, except apically and basally, the ventral segments, except apical margins, a dot on each side of the collar, the mesonotum, ex- cept a median streak posteriorly from the transverse grooved line and extending to the scutellum, the depressions at base of metathorax just back of the scutellum, and the dorsum of the abdomen except at the sutures of the segments, dark fuscous or brown ; antennas whitish or pale, with the terminal joint black. Wings hyaline, the front wings with a rather broad transverse fuscous band at the basal third which is con- nected with a fuscous band at the base of the radial cell ; there is another fuscous band extending obliquely across the wings from the tip of the radial cell, and two tri- angular fuscous spots at the apical margin, one enclosing FlG - 6 - Genita- i-i.i i 11 , lia of Aphalara the apex of the cubital vein, the other the lower branch sc hwarzi. or fork of the cubitus. ]\Iale. Length to tip of abdomen i.S mm., to tip of wings 3.1 mm. Agrees well with the female, except that the head, thorax, and abdomen are darker, almost black, the apices of the abdominal segments being very narrowly whitish, the mesopleura having a whitish streak at the middle, the basal margin of the mesonotum being narrowly whitish 136 ASHMEAD and connected with two median dots just in front of the scutellum, while there are two whitish curved lines on the scutellum. Genitalia as in fig. 6. Type. Cat. No. 6271, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Fox Point, South- eastern Alaska. Additional specimens from Popof Island, July 7 ; Belkofsky, July 29. APHALARA KINCAIDI sp. nov. Male. Length to tip of abdomen from 1.6 to i.S mm., to tip of wings 2.5 to 2.6 mm. General color pale greenish-yellow; there is a large median spot on each lobe of the head above, two dots or lines on the sides of the collar with a puncture beyond near the lateral angles, two triangular spots on the anterior lobe of the mesonotum just back of the collar, four bands on the mesoscutum and the depressions of the scutellum, dark fuscous or black. The antennae, except the basal and apical joints which are black, are whitish. Wings hyaline, with some fuscous along the margin of the radial FIG. 7. Geuitaiia of Ce ii 5 t i ie cu bitus and its forks, the fork of the post- Aphalara kincaidi. , cubitus apically, the lower fork of the cubitus and the upper fork of the postcubitus ; the latter is sometimes connected with a fuscous streak, rarely, however, very distinct. Genitalia as in fig. 7. Type. Cat. No. 6272, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Metlakatla, June 4. Additional specimens from Popof Island, July 9 ; Fox Point, July. APHALARA ALASKENSIS sp. nov. Female. Length to tip of abdomen 2.3 mm., to tip of wings 3.6 mm. Uniformly pale greenish, the tips of the antenna? and the claws black, the eyes brown. Wings hyaline, with a fuscous streak along the radial vein, along the upper and lower forks of the cubitus, and at the apex of the upper fork of the post- cubitus, the latter being connected by a fuscous streak with the base of the cubital fork. Male. Colored as in female, and hardly distinguished from it except for the sexual abdominal differences, and by the less distinct fuscous streak along the nervures, FlG - 8 - . . ' lia of Aphalara the upper fork of the postcubitus not being connected a iaskensis. by a fuscous streak with the base of the cubital fork. Genitalia as in fig. S. Type. Cat. No. 6273, U - S - Nat - Mus., from Fox Point, South- eastern Alaska, July. HOMOPTERA 137 Genus Psylla Geoffrey. PSYLLA ALASKENSIS sp. nov. Female. Length to tip of abdomen 2.8 mm., to tip of wings about 5 mm. Greenish-yellow ; last four or five joints of antennas, especially toward apex, more or less fuscous ; eyes green ; large spot on each side of collar and the depressions and sutures of scutellum and metathorax more or less fuscous ; median line on anterior lobe of mesonotum and four lines on posterior lobe whitish. Wings pale greenish-hyaline, immaculate, except a faint dusky shade toward the apices. Male. Length to tip of abdomen i .8 mm., to tip of wings less than 3 mm. Colored as in female, except the antennal joints 3 to 6 are tipped with black, while the wings are more distinctly dusky at apex. FIG. 9. Geni- Genitalia as in fig. 9. talia <*_/*>-/& Type. Cat. No. 6274, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Popof Island, Shumagin Ids., July 16. Additional specimens from Fox Point, July 19; Seldovia, July 21. Superfamily APHIDOIDEA Ashmead. Family APHIDIDJE. Genus Nectarophora Koch. NECTAROPHORA CAUDATA Pergande. Nectarophora caudata PERGANDE, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., n, 513, 9. 1900. Type. Cat. No. 5274, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Juneau. NECTAROPHORA EPILOBII Pergande. Nectarophora epilobii PERGANDE, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., n, 515, 9. 1900. Type. Cat. No. 5276, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Popof Island, Shumagin Ids. NECTAROPHORA INSULARIS Pergande. Nectarophora insularis PERGANDE, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., u, 515, 9, 1900. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. Genus Cladobius Koch. CLADOBIUS POPULENS (Kaltenbach). Aphis populens KALTENBACH, Monogr. d. Pflanzenl., I, 116, 1843. Cladobius populens PERGANDE, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., n, 516, 1900. Superfamily COCCOIDEA Ashmead. No Coccid is yet reported from Alaska, although a species, probably an Aspidiotus^ is found on willows. HETEROPTERA OF THE EX- PEDITION (139) The following paper on the Heteroptera of the Expedition, by O. Heidemann, Division of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agricul- ture, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. n, pp. 503-506, Dec. 20, 1900. It is here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagination has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [504] ; while the consecutive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. The present headpiece and title have been substituted for the running heading of the Academy's Proceedings and the original title, which was : Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition, xm. En- tomological Rcszilts (7): Heteroptera. No other alterations have bisen made. The author desires to record the following corrections : Page 141 [503] : Tenth line from bottom, for ' Megalocrsea ' read Megaloccraa. Ninth line from bottom, for ' Megalocrcea (Trigonotjlus) ' read Minis. Page 142 [504] : Second line from top, for ' Leptopterna ferrugata ' read Minis ferrugatus ; insert after ' Suec.,' 7. Ninth line from top, for ' p. 1870, 1858,' read xix, p. 187, iSjS, . Twentieth line from bottom, for ' Capsus ater Linne", Fauna Suec., p. 253, 1761,' substitute the following: Cimcx ater Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. x, p. 447, 1758. Fifteenth line from bottom, for ' xix ' read xxi ; for ' 1876-79 ' read 1879. Fifth line from bottom, for ' Lygus ' read Cimex. Page 143 [505] : Second line from top, for 'Lygus (Orthops) ' read Ortltops. Eighth line from top, for ' Ljgus ' read Cimcx. Fifteenth line from top, for ' Psecilocytus ' read Lygceus. EDITOR. (HO) HETEROPTERA OF THE EXPEDITION BY 0. HEIDEMANN THE collection of Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the Harriman Alaska Expedition, made by Prof. T. Kincaid, although small, contains ten species of the family Capsidae, two of Lygasidae, one each of Aradidae and Nabidee, one of Gerridas, and three of Corisidee. These species are all well known except one of the family Aradidse. It is interesting to note the wide geo- graphical distribution of some of the European and East Siberian Hemiptera, namely, from Siberia over Bering Island to Alaska and into the American Continent. Family CAPSID^E. Megalocraea (Trigonotylus) ruficornis Fallen. Megalocrcza (Trigonotylus) ruficornis FALLEN, Hem. Suec., I, 133, no. 8, 1829. UHLER, Hayden, Mont. Surv., p. 409, 1872. REUTER, Rev. Caps., p. 23, 1875. Seven specimens, five males and two females, from Cook Inlet, Saldovia (July 21). Inhabits all Europe, East Siberia, United States, and Canada. Miris sp. ? A number of immature forms from Cook Inlet, but as no adult is among them the species can not be ascertained. [503] 142 HEIDEMANN [54] Leptopterna ferrugata Fallen. Leptopterna femtgata FALLEN, Hem. Suec., 129, 2, 1829. REUTER, Rev. Caps., p. 14, 1875. Three females (brachypterous) and one male (macropterous), the latter not quite mature, from Kadiak (July 20). A European species, also known from Siberia. It is most closely allied to the American species Leptopterna amccna Uhler. Mecomma (Leptomerocoris) gilvipes Stal. Mecomma (Leptomerocoris) gilvipes STAL, Stett. Ent. Zeit., p. 1870, 1858. REUTER, Ofv. Finska Vet. Soc. Forh., xxi, p. 57, iSSi. Gymn. Eur., in, pp. 355, 386, 1883. Numerous specimens, males and females, from Popof Island (July 9), Karluk, Kadiak (July 20), Saldovia (July 21), Belkofsky, July 22. This species is originally described from Sitka, Alaska, and is also found in East Siberia. The female is always brachypterous. The species is distinguished from the other European form, Mecomma am- bulans Fallen, by the more slender second joint of antennas and by the whitish colored hemelytra of the female. Professor Ph. R. Uhler records the latter species also from British America. Capsus ater Linne'. Capsus ater LINNE, Fauna Suec., p. 253, 1761. Uhler's List, p. 18, 1886. A single specimen, a male, from Kukak Bay, Alaska Peninsula (July i). Found in all Europe, Siberia, and boreal America. Irbisia (Leptomerocoris) sericaas Stal. Irbisia (Leptomerocoris) sericans STAL, Stett. Ent. Zeit., xix, p. 188, 1858. REUTER, Ofv. Finska Vet. Soc. Forh., xix, p. 57, 1876-79. Series of macropterous and brachypterous forms, from Sitka, Vir- gin Bay, Kukak Bay, Karluk, Kadiak, Fox Point, Popof Island (June, July), Belkofsky, July 2. The insect is dimorphous. Males and females of both forms. Originally described from Sitka, Alaska. Found on Bering Island, also on Copper Island and Pribilof Islands (Barrett-Hamilton). The same species has been collected by Mr. E. A. Schwarz in Oregon, near Hood River. Other species of this genus extend clown the Pacific coast as far as Lower California. Lygus pabulinus Linne". Lygns pabulinus LINNE, Fauna Suec., p. 253, 1761. Uhler's List, p. 18, 1886. Five specimens, male and female, and some immature ones, from Juneau. A European insect ; occurs also in East Siberia and boreal America. [505] HETEROPTERA 143 Lygus (Orthops) scutellatus Uhler. Lygits (Orthops) scutellatus UHLER, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., n, p. 420, 1877. DISTANT, Biol. Centr. Amer., Hem.-Heter., p. 274, 1884. Two specimens, females, from Fox Point (July). Described from Colorado; found throughout the United States and Canada; also a variety in Mexico. Lygus pratensis Linn. Lygus pratensis LINNE, Syst. Nat. Ed., x, 59, 448, 1758. FALLEN, Mon. Cim., p. 83, 1867. Uhler' s List, p. 18, 1886. Two specimens, male and female, from Saldovia and Kukak Bay (July). The latter belongs to the variety L. campestris Fallen. A most variable insect, found in all Europe, Siberia, United States, and Canada. Poecilocytus unifasciatus Fabricius. Pcedlocytus unifasciatits FABRICIUS, Ent. Syst., iv, 158, 178, 1794. UHLER, List of the Hemiptera of Colorado, p. 38, 1895. Three specimens, two females and one male, from Kukak Bay (July i), Kadiak (July 20). Inhabits all Europe, Siberia, and boreal America. Family LYGJEIDJE. Nysius gronlandicus Zetterstedt. Nysius gronlandicits ZETTERSTEDT, Ins. Lapp., pp. 262, 263, 1840. STAL, Enum., iv, p. 121, 1874. Eight specimens, four females and four males, from Saldovia (July 21 ). This species is described from Greenland and has also been found at Ungava Bay, Hudson Bay Territory, by L. M. Turner (National Museum collection). Scolopostethus thomsoni Renter. Scolopostethus thomsoni REUTER, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), iv, p. 562, 1874. HORVATH, Rev. d'Entom., xii, p. 240, 1893. A single specimen, male, from Sitka (June 16). It is a European species and the only one recorded as occurring also in boreal America. I have seen specimens from California (Argus Mountains), and from Colorado (National Museum collection). The genus is well repre- sented also on this Continent : there have been found two other Amer- ican species, S. diffidens Horv. and S. atlanticus Horv., and some not yet described. Family ARADID^. Aradus sp. ? One specimen, a male, from Saldovia (July 21). There seems to be no record of any Aradus found before in Alaska. The specimen 144 HEIDEMANN [S6] now taken by Professor Kincaid may likely be a new species. It be- longs to the Aradns bctzilce group, and is most closely allied to Say's species, Aradus similis, but differs in having the margins of abdomen more parallel, the prolongation of head more elongate, and the scutellum quite differently shaped. The sides are sinuated and the basal inner part of scutellum more transversely elevated. As there is but one specimen, a satisfactory description of a new species can not be given. Family NABIDJE. Nabis flavo-marginatus Scholz var. sibericus Renter. Nabis flavo-marginatus var. sibiricus REUTER, Ofv. Finska Vet. Soc. Forh., xix, p. 60, 1877. Three specimens, females, from Cook Inlet and Kadiak (July). The species is known from Europe, Siberia, and Greenland. Nabis flavo-marginatus Scholz is also found in Canada (St. John, New Brunswick). Family GERRDXffi. Gerris rufoscutellatus Latreille. Gerris rufoscutellatus LATREILLE, Gen. Crust, et Ins., in, p. 134, 1807. Uhler's List, p. 26, 1886. Two specimens from Metlakahtla (June 6). The insect is found in Europe, East Siberia, and boreal America. Family CORISID^I. Corisa germarii Fieber. Corisa germarii FIEBER, Species Generis Corisa, n, p. 38, 1858. Uhler's List, p. 29, 1886. Nine specimens, four males and five females, from Popof Island. Inhabits Europe, North America, Alaska. Corisa convexa Fieber. Corisa convexa FIEBER, Species Generis Corisa, n, p. 37, 1858. Uhler's List, p. 29, 1886. Three females, from Popof Island and Berg Bay. Found also in North America and Labrador, near the coast line. Corisa presusta Fieber. Corisa prceusta FIEBER, Species Generis Corisa, n, p. 28, 1858. Uhler's List, p. 29, 1886. Five specimens, one male, the others females, from Muir Glacier (pond on the west side, June 12), Popof Island (June 20), Berg Bay (June 10), Kadiak (July), Sitka. Previously found at Sitka. ODONATA OF THE EXPEDITION The following paper on the Odonata of the Expedition, by Rolla P. Currie, Aid, Division of Insects, U. S. National Museum, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. in, pp. 217-223, July 13, 1901. It is here re- printed from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagination has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [218]; while the consecutive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. The present headpiece and title have been substituted for the running heading of the Academy's Proceedings and the original title, which was : Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition, xxn. Entomological Results (14): The Odonata. No other alterations have been made. The author desires to record the following corrections : Page 147 [217]: Eleventh line from bottom, for ' three ' read four. Eighth line from bottom, omit ' and.' Seventh line from bottom, insert after ' (Say) ' : and Anax junitis (Drury), and change ' eleven ' to twelve. EDITOR. (146) ODONATA OF THE EXPEDITION BY ROLLA P. CURRIE THE Odonata collected by Professor Trevor Kincaid during the Harriman Expedition comprise eight species, represented by eighty-nine specimens. None of these appear to be new; yet the collection is interesting in that it serves to extend the known range of certain forms and to add to our knowledge of the Odonata fauna of Alaska. No paper on the dragonflies of this territory has been hitherto published ; and only three species, additional to the eight collected by the Harriman Expedition, have been pre- viously reported from Alaska. These are Enallagma anncxnm (Hagen), jfcschna sitchcnsis (Hagen) and ^Esc/ma clepsydra (Say), thus making eleven species. Family AGRIONID^E. Subfamily AGRIONIM. LESTES species (?). One female belonging to some species of this genus was taken at Fox Point, July 26-28. The species of Lestes are separated, mainly, by the characters of the male abdominal appendages, and females taken [217] - 148 CURRIE singly cannot always be determined with certainty. The following description of the specimen is given for future reference : Length 34 mm.; abdomen 26; hind wing 20.7; pterostigma 1.7. Blackish-brown. The following parts are pale yellowish, viz : under parts of head, lips, genae (except a few spots), rhinarium, tips of two basal joints of antennas, mid-dorsal thoracic carina, humeral stripe (which is wider below), sides of thorax inferiorly (except 2d lateral suture above and some spots near coxae), and venter of thorax (except middle line which is wider behind) . Abdomen yellowish, marked above with dark metallic green as follows : on segment i , a narrow longitudinal median line, widening behind, and divided into two large divaricate spots ; on 2, a mid-dorsal band, divided by a median line which is widened in front, the band widened and orbicular posteriorly (enclosing a pale spot on either side) and connected with the dark apical ring by a short stalk ; 3-5 similar, but the dividing line uniformly narrow, the band forming a point anteriorly and barely reaching the base ; 6 without posterior pale spots, the bands otherwise as in 3-5 ; on 7 and 8 the band is wider, not separated, not stalked behind; on 9 and 10 they narrow posteriorly; the bands on 6-10 are blackish-brown, hardly metallic. Sides of abdomen with indistinct dark markings, these principally apical. Venter dark. Tenth segment with its apical margin triangularly notched above, scarcely elevated. Anal append- ages two-thirds the length of 10, conical, pale, black on apical half. Genital valves pale, their edges dark apically and minutely denticulate ; valvular processes dark, about as long as appendages. Legs pale, the femora without, tibiae within, and the tarsi, black. Pterostigma brown. ENALLAGMA CALVERTI Morse. Enallagma calverti MORSE, Psyche, vn, No. 227, p. 208, March, 1895. (Male described.) WILLIAMSOM, Ent. News, xi, No. 5, p. 455, text fig. b, PI. ix, figs. 5, 9 and 10, May, 1900. (Female described and male ap- pendages figured.) Kukak Bay, June 29- July 5; Cook Inlet, July 21 ; Kadiak, July 20 ; Juneau, July 25 : thirty-three males and nineteen females. These specimens average larger than those I have seen from the United States: Length, $ 30.7 mm. -35 mm., 9 3 1 .5 35.6; abdomen $ 24-27.3, 9 24.8-27.3; hind wing $ 18.7-21.8, 9 20-22.2. In the markings of head, thorax, and abdomen they agree fairly well with E. cyathigerum (Charpentier) as described by Selys 1 and exhibit similar variations in the shape and extent of the dorsal abdominal markings, as follows : 1 Bull. Acad. Belg. (2), XLI, p. 505, 1876. [219] THE ODONATA 149 Males'. On segment i, basal spot usually quadrate, narrowed and more or less rounded on sides behind, its hind margin sometimes excised but usually straight or nearly so and generally with a small median triangular projection ; on segment 2, transverse posterior spot : in front, convex and more or less rounded, sometimes pointed medially ; behind, convex, or straight, or sinuated and pointed ; sometimes united with apical margin by a short stalk which varies greatly in length, width and shape ; sometimes connected with an inferior lateral stripe present in some specimens ; on segments 3 to 6, spots more or less pointed anteriorly, widened and usually rounded pos- teriorly, broadly united with apical ring ; spot on segment 3 covering posterior \ to \; on 4 covering i to f ; on 5, f to f ; on 6, f to |. The spot on segment 7 covers apical -| or more. Dorsum of seg- ment 10 entirely black. Other irregularly placed spots are some- times present. Females : Spot on segment i similar to that of the males ; on 2 quite variable in shape and size, the narrowed portion not always reaching the anterior margin, sometimes bifid ; posterior widened portion rounded or angulate laterally ; connected directly, or by a short wide stalk, with the apical ring. Spots on segments 3 to 7 similar to those on male but longer, covering apical f or more on all of them. Spot on segment 8 exceedingly variable in shape, broadly or narrowly pointed anteriorly, widened behind, connected with posterior margin directly or by a stalk, in one specimen not reaching posterior margin ; widened portion sometimes connected with a lateral spot or stripe. Spots on segments 9 and 10 covering entire dorsum, narrowing behind. The postocular spots (in both sexes) are large and in most specimens denticulate behind as in E. annexum (Hagen), the denticulations sometimes connected with the blue of rear of head. The male appen- dages agree well with those of calverti as described by Morse and fig- ured by Williamson. These variations seem to be individual rather than geographical, although the males from Juneau all have very long dorsal spots on the abdominal segments. This species, described from Nevada, has also been reported from Massachusetts, Maine, Wyoming and Washington. Family Subfamily ^SCHNA JUNCEA (Linn.). Libettula juncea LINN., Syst. Nat., i, p. 544, n. 10, 1758. jEschna juncea KIRBY, Synonymic Cat., p. 87, 1890. 150 CURRIK [ 22 ] One male from Kadiak, July 20 ; one female, Unga Island, July 17, collected by Prof. W. E. Ritter. The National Museum also contains one male and three females from Nushagak River, Alaska, collected by McKay (No. 97). This species occurs throughout the northern portions of Europe, Asia, and North America. The pterostigma is brown, paler in the female specimen. ^SCHNA CONSTRICTA (Say). sEshna constricta SAY, Journ. Ac. Phila., viu, p. u, 1839. sEschna constricta KIRBY, Synonymic Cat., p. 88, 1890. CALVERT, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xx, p. 249, 1893. KELLICOTT, Bull. Ohio State Univ. (4), No. 5, p. 83, March, 1899. WILLIAMSON, 24th Ann. Rep. Dept. Geol. and Natural Resources, Ind., 1889, p. 305, PI. IV, fig. 10, PI. vn, figs. 14 & 15, 1900. Two males, Kadiak, July 20, and Cook Inlet, July 21 ; two females, Kadiak, July 20. This is a common species in the United States and has also been re- corded from British Columbia, Kamchatka, and Siberia. The pterostigma in the males is black ; in the females yellowish- brown. Family LIBELLULID^. Subfamily CORDULIN^E. CORDULIA SHURTLEFFI Scudder. Cordulia shurtleffi SCUDDER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., x, p. 217, 1866. SELYS, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2), xxxi, p. 265, 1871. KIRBY, Synonymic Cat., p. 52, 1890. One female, Kukak Bay, June 29~July 5 ; one female, Fox Point, July 26. A female, labeled ' Alaska ' and determined as this species, by Dr. P. P. Calvert, is in the collection of the U. S. National Mu- seum ; it was received from the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, through Professor T. C. Mendenhall, Superintendent. This species has also been reported from Nova Scotia, Great Slave Lake (Fort Resolution), New Hampshire, Maine and Pennsylvania. 1 The wings are subfumose in the specimen from Fox Point. SOMATOCHLORA ALBICINCTA (Burmeister). Epophthalmia albicincta BURMEISTER, Handb. Ent., n, p. 847, 1839. Cordulia albicincta HAGEN, Syn. Neur. N. Am., p. 138, 1861. Cordulia cremita SCUDDER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., x, p. 215, 1866. SCUDDER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xi, p. 300, 1867. Epitheca albicincta SELYS, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2), xxxi, p. 303, 1871. Somatochlora albicincta KIRBY, Synonymic Cat., p. 49, 1890. 1 Ent. News, ix, p. 184, September, 1898. [22l] THE ODONATA 151 Eight males and one female, Kadiak, July 20; one female (L. J. Cole, collector), Kadiak, July 4 ; one male and two females, Kukak Bay, June 29-July 5. Length, $ 47 mm. -49 mm., o 49-50; abdomen with appendages, * 34~3 6 - 8 ' 9 35-3 6 -45 hind win g> 8 falsificum (40) simillima 40 Eristalis flavipes 7 obscuris 7 occidentalis 6, 15, 21 tenax n Eros hamatus 182 laetus 15, 182 Eryth rasp ides ashmeadii 16 Escaryus albas 77 sibiricus 74> 7^ urbicus 76 Euacanthus acuminatus 130, 131 Euchceca albovittata 222 Eucjmatoge grandis 224 Eupteryx sexnotata (133) Eurymus palseno 25, 214 Eustroma silaceata 223 Euura insularis 33 Farragut Bay, species from 8 Folsom, J. W., Apterygota 83-114 Fontaria dissecta (55) furcifer (54) Formica neorufibarbis 7, 15, 28 Fox Point, species from 7 Gamasus sp. 45 Geophilus alaskanus 17, 75 attenuatus (74) ferrugineus (74) Gerris rufoscutellatus 7, 144 Glacier Bay, species from 10-12 Gloma obscura 18 Glossosoma alascensis 194, pi. xn, f. 17, 18 6p. 165 Gonglydium alascensis 39, pi, n, f. 3 falsificum 40 sp. 40 Gypsochroa designata 212 Gyrinus picipes 176 Hadena basilinea 216 ducta 32, 216 pluviosa 216 tenera 25, 217 vultuosa 216 Hadrotus crassus 178 Hales us ( ?) alascensis 163, pi. xu, f. 19, 20 Hallesus punctatissimus (161) Harpaphe 59 haydeniana 59-60, pi. iv, f. ^a-\c intaminata 60 Harriman, E. H., species named for 132, 160 Heidemann, O., Heteroptera 139-144 Helophilus dychei n lunulatus 27 Helophorus auricollis 31, 176 inquinatus 176 Hemerobius pacificus 159 Heteroplectron sp. 164 Heteroptera 139-144 Heterotoma chlorata (92) Hilara aurata 26 quadrivittata 26 transfuga n Holostaspis exilis 45, pi. u, . i Horaalomyia flavivaria 1 1 Homalota fucicola 177 graminicola 177 picipennis 177 sp. 177 Homoptera 127-137, f. 6-9 INDEX 233 Hybaphe 58 curtipes 59 tersa 58, 59, pi. iv, . 3* Hydriomene trifasciata 222 Hydroporus axillaris 175 signatus 12, 175 tristis 20, 175 Hyetodesia brunneinervis II Hylemyia spiniventris 30 Hylephila silvestris 31 Hylurgops 185 Hypena calif ornica 221 Hypnoides musculus 5, 181, 196, pi. xvi, f. 3-7 Hypozonium 62 anurum 63, pi. V, f. la-id Hyppa rectilinea 217 Ichneumon kincaidii 21 Ideobisum threveneti 45 Idiocerus striola 131 Ilybius quadrimaculatus 175 Irbisia sericans 16, 142 Isaphe 57 convexa 57, 58, pi. iv, la-ib Ischneutes reunitor 33 Isopteryx cydippe 158 Isotoma alba (90) anglicana (92) annulata (92), (93) arborea (92) arctica 93, 94, pi. vi, f . 5 ; pi. ix, f. 40-42 belfragei (93) caerulea (92) desmarestii (92) fimetaria 90, pi. ix, f. 37-39 fusca (92), (93) lineata (92) pallida (92) palustrus (93) plumbea (93) principalis 93 purpurascens (93) tricolor (93) unicolor (93) virescens (92) viridisgi, (93), pi. vi, f. 4 Itycorsia marginiventris 16 lulus furcifer (70) Jassus abdominalis (132) laetus (133) 6-notatus (133) Juneau, species from 9-10 Kadiak, species from 27-28 Kenai Peninsula, species from 22-24 Kincaid, T., introduction by 1-34 Metamorphoses of Alaska Coleop- tera 187-210 Kukak Bay, species from 24-27 Labulla altioculata 41 Laodamia fusca 225 Lasiops calvicrura 30 Lasius sitkensis 15 Lathrimseum subcostatum 179 Leistus furruginous 173 Lepidophorus lineaticollis 201, pi. xvn, f. 8-12 Lepidoptera 211-227 Leptalia macilenta 27, 31, 183, 198, pi. xvi, f. 8-12 Leptetrum quadrimaculatum 151 Lepthyphantes alascensis 41, pi. n, f. 6 Leptobunus borealis 44 Leptodesmus armatus (56) haydenianus (59) intaminatus (60) Leptopterna ferrugata 142 Leptothorax kincaidi 7 Leria fraterna 22 Lestes sp. 147 Leucorhinia hageni (151) hudsonica 21, 27, 151 Leucozona leucorum 22 Leuctra sp. 159 Libellula hudsonica (151) juncea (149) junia (153) quadrimaculata (151) Limnephilus gravidus 159 harrimani 16, 160, pi. xi, f. i, 2 kincaidi 160, pi. xi, f. 5 nebulosus 20, 161, pi. xn, f. 12 ornatus 159-160 pacificus (160) 234 INDEX Limnephilus perjurus 160, pl.xn, f. 14 sitchensis 160, pi. xi, f. 8; pi. xn, f. 15 sp. 161 Limnophora nobilis 12 Limnotettix sexnotata (133) Lmotaenia chinophila (74) Linyphia phrygiana 41 pusilla 41 reducta 41 sitksensis 41 Liobunum exilipes 28, 44 Liparocephalus brevipennis 178 cordicollis 178 Lipura octo-punctata (88) Lithobius stejnegeri 71-72 sulcipes 72 Lonchaea albitarsis 15 deutchi 15 Lophocarenum sp. 39 Lowe Inlet, B. C., species from 4 Lucania rufostriga (212) Lycosa albohastata 43 pratensis 43 quinaria 43 sp- 43 Lygus campestris 143 pabulinus 142 pratensis 23, 143 scutellatus 143 unifasciatus 140, (143) Machilis arctica 12, 101, pi. vn, f . 6-10 ; pi. x, f. 57, 58 Macrotoma celer (95) ferruginosa (95) flavescens (95) lepida (95) nigra (95) Mecistocephalus attenuatus 74 ferrugineus (74) Mecomma gilvipes 23, 142 Megalocersea ruficornis 23, 140, 141 Megapenthes stigmosus 181 Megasternum posticatum 177 Melanophila appendiculata 182 Melanoplus borealis 27, 117 Melanostoma mellinum 4, 6, n, 14, i Melanostoma trichopus 6 Melanoxanthus 125 Melaphe cypria 55 vestita 55 Mesoleuca lacustrata 212 variata 32, 221 Metlakatla, species from 5 Micrredus austinianus 180 Microphorus atratus 27 flavipilosus 5 Mimesa propinqua S Minis ferrugatus 140, (142) ruficornis 140, (141) Miris sp. 141 Misumena vatia 43 Mitopus dorsalis 34, 44, pi. u, f. 2 Molanna sp. 164 Monophadnus insularis 7 Monopis sp. 227 Muir Inlet, species from 10-12 Mycetoporus lepidus 31, 179 Myiolepta bella 21 Myriapoda 47-82, pis. ni-v Myrmica sulcinodoides 15 Mystacides nigra 164 Nabis sibericus 23, 144 Neanura gigantea 86, pi. vi, f. i ; pi. viu, f. 11-13 ornata 87, pi. vi, f. 2 ; pi. viu, f . 14-18 Nebria gregaria 172 kincaidi S, 173 mannerheimi 10, 172 metallica 10, 172 Necrophorus pustulatus 177 vespilloides 177 Nectarophora caudata 121, 137 epilobii 33, 123, 137 insularis 123, 137 Nemeophila modesta 216 petrosa 216 plantaginis 28, 216 Nemoura cinctipes 158 sp. 158 Neoascia globosa 6, 21 Neoempheria kincaidi 30 Neuronia lapponica 159 Neuropteroid insects 1 15-168, pis. xi, xii INDEX 2 35 Noctua c-nigrum 32, 216 Nysius grdnlandicus 23, 143 Obisium threveneti (45) Odonata 145-153 Odjnerus albophaleratus 8, 26 CEdoparea glauca 6, 9 CEneis nigra 27, 214 Olophrum convexum 179 Omalium foraminosum 179 Ommatostola popofensis 32, 218 Onychelus 67 obustus 67, 68 Orca, species from 21-22 Orchestes rufipes 27> 184 Ornithodes 21 harrimani 21 Orobanus simulator 19, 179 Orthochseta pilosa 6 Orthops scutellatus 140, (143) Orthoptera 115-118 Otocryptops punctatus (73) rubiginosa 72 sexspinosus 73 Oxytelus fuscipennis 179 Oxyurus flavolimbatus 55 vestitus 55 Pachnobia alaska? 32, 218 carnea 217-218 Pachymerium ferrugineum (74) Pachynematus affinis 33 gotarus 33 ocreatus 16 oronus 19 Pachyprotasis nigrofasciatus 33 Pachyta liturata 23, 183 monticola 183 Paicilostomidea maculata 16 Pamphila palaemon 25, 215 Papilio aliaska S, 213 Papirius palmatus 12, 100, pi. x, f. 54- 56 Parajulus alaskanus 7, 17, 70, pi. v, f. 4^-4^ coreanus 70 furcifer 70, pi. v, f. $a-$e Paraphyto borealis 8 Paraplinthus carinatus 184 Paraplinthus scrobiculatus 184 Pardosa glacialis 43 groenlandica 43 uncata 44 Parnassius smintheus 25, 213 Patrobus aterrimus 174 septentrionalis 174 Pedanostethus riparius 40 Pedicia obtusata 27 Peltastica tuberculata 180 Pergande, Theo., Aphididae 119-125 Pericoma bipunctata n Petrophora borealis n, 222 montanata 32 munitata 212, 221 nemorella 32, 222 pomasriaria 212 Phalanguim exilipes (44) Philonthus siegwaldi 178 Philonygus glacialis 5 Phlegmacera occidentalis 44 Phorbia biciliata 11 Phoxopteris kincaidiana 7, n, 226 Phryganea nigra (164) Phytomyza flavicornis 19 Pier is acadica 25, 215 bryonise n, 215 hulda25, 32, 215 napi 215 Pipiza pisticoides 7 Pirata sp. 44 Pityophthorus nitidulus 185 Platarctia parthenos 28, 32, 215 subnebulosa 215 Platychirus aeratus 12 albimanus 14, 15, 30 peltatus 4, 14 tenebrosus 26 Platynus erasus 175 Platypalpus diversipes 30 gilvipes 30 Platyptilia cosmodactyla 225 petrodactyla 32, 225 Platyzonium getschmannii 62, pi. v, f. 2 Plusia epsilon 28, 220 hochemvarthi 220 Plutella sp. 227 Podabrus piniphilus 5, 182 INDEX Podabrus scaber 182 sericatus i8a Podura annulata (92) arborea (92) fimetaria (90) plumbea (91) terrestris alba (90) viridis (91) Pcecilocytus unifasciatus 143 Pogonota kincaidi 31 Poljdesmus armatus (56) cerasinus 61 cjprius 55 dissectus (55) eruca (57) furcifer (54) hajdeniana 60 haydenianus (59) intaminatus (60) Polyxemus lagurus 51 pugetensis 7, 51 Polyzonium rosalbum 62, pi. v,f. 3~3C Popof Island, species from 2834 Porphyrops consobrinus 19, 26 Prince William Sound, species from 19-22 Pristiphora lena 16 Prosthesima niger 38 Psithyrus insularis 9, II, 16, 23 kadiakensis 28 Psylla alaskensis 23, 137, f. 9 Pterocomma pilosa 125 Pteromus rivularis 16 shumagensis 33 zebratus 19 Pterostichus amethystinus 174 castaneus 174 luczotii 31, 174 orinomum 174 riparius 10, 174 validus 174 Pyrausta washingtonialis 224 Quedius marginalus 178 pediculus 178 plagiatus 178 Rhamphomyia albopilosa 1 1 anthracodes 6 Rhamphomyia corvina 5 disparilis 18 glauca 6 macrura 2 1 setosa 9, II villipes 30 Rhantus binotatus 176 bistriatus 31, 176 Rheumaptera hastata 7, 32, 224 lugubrata 25, 224 Rhizophagus dimidiatus 180 Rhogas harrimani 8 Rhyncholus brunneus 184 Rhypholophis affinis 5 Rhypholophus flaveolus 22 Rhyssa alaskensis 8 Scatella setosa 22 Scatophaga frigida 27 islandica n Schreckensteinia sp. 227 Schwarz, E. A., Coleoptera 169-184 Sciaphila argentana 226 mceschleriana 32, 226 osseana 226 Sciara expolita 15 tridentata 5 Sclerobunus brunneus 28, 44 Scolioplanes chionophilus (73) Scolopocryptops sexspinosus (73) 6-spinosa (73) Scolopostethus atlanticus 143 diffidens 143 thompsoni 16, 143 Scoparia centuriella 32, 224 Scutigera forceps 71 Scydmaenus californicus 177 Scytonotus sp. 61, pi. in, f. 2a-2d Seldovia, species from 22-24 Sepsis flavimana 9, 22 Sericomyia chalcopyga 14 Sericoris bipartitana 32, 226 Sericosomus incongruus 15, 181 Sesia arctica 28, 225 culiciformis 26, 225 Shumagin Islands, species from 28- 34 Silis pallida 182 Sitka, species from 12-17 INDEX 2 37 Sitones tibialis 27, 184 Somatochlora albicincta 28, 150 Spania edeta 12 Sphaerophoria sulphuripes 7 Sphegina infuscata 4, 9, 14, 15, 18 Spirobolus hebes (66) uncigerus (67) Spondylis upiformis 182 Stenus insularis 19, 179 umbratilis 6, 179 Strigamia chionophila (73) Strongylosoma eruca (57) Syneta carinata 183 Syrphus amalopis 14, 18, 21 contumax n diversipes 14, 18, 21 geniculata 26 glacialis n, 18 gracilis 9 macularis 18 mentalis 21 ribesii 6 torvus 26 velutinus 7 Tabanus septentrionalis 27 Tachinus nigricornis 179 sp. 179 Tachycellus nigrinus 175 Taeniopteryx sp. 159 Telephorus divisus 8, 183 fraxini 182 Telmatogeton alaskensis 19 Tenthredo bivittata 33 dissimulans 26, 33 erjthromera 7, 16, 19, 23, 26 evansii 16, 19, 23, 28 ferrugineipes 5, 16, 23, 26, 28, 33 flavomarginis 19, 23 harrimani 33 lineata 16 melanosoma 16, 19, 23 mellina 33 nigricollis 16, 23, 26 varipes 28 varipicta II, 16, 19, 23, 26, 33 Tephroclistis flebilis 15, 223 miserula 32 miserulata 223 Tephroclistis perfusca 32, 223 zygsemidata 223 Tetrads hyperborea 222 Tetragnatha extensa 42 laboriosa 42 Tettigonia acuminata (131) 6-notata (133) Thamnotettix fasciifrons (133) lastus (133) lineatifrons (134) Thereva melanoneura 27 Theridium marxi (38) sexpunctatum 38 Thyreopus vicinus 26 Tibellus oblongus 43 Tipula cineracea 19 gelida 6 macrolabis 22 septentrionalis 31 strigata 6 tenebrosa 11 Titacis hyperborea 20 Tomoceras americanus 96, 97, 98, 99 arcticus 96, 97, 98-99 celer (95) flavescens (95), 96, 97, 98 lepida (95) n 'ger 95-9 8 . *! x, f. 46-53 plumbeus 98 Tomotsenia chionophila 34, 73-74, 77 Tortrix fumiferana 227 Trachodes ptinoides 184 quadrituberculatus 184 Trechus chalybeus 31, 174 Trichalophus constrictus 184 Trichiosoma aleutiana 28 triangulum 26, 33 Trichopetalum glomeratum (69) Tricyphona diaphana n vitripennis 5 Trineura aterrima n Tylobolus 65 deses 65-66, pi. in, f. 3