: OFx THE t \ AUSTIN C. APCAR, former Head of Biological Department. PROF. JOHN B. SMITH, State Entomologist. WILLIAM H. WERNER, State THREE HEAD OF DEPARTMENTS OF THE MUSEl'M. v ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM Including a Report of the Insects of New Jersey 1909 TRENTON, N. J. MACCRELLISH & QUIGLEY. STATE PRINT' ipio Commissioners of the New Jersey State Museum. STATE SUPT. OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, CHARLES J. BAXTER, President. STATE GEOLOGIST, HENRY B. KUMMEL, Secretary. PRESIDENT STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE, E. B. VOORHEES. PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE, SAMUEL K. ROBB1NS. SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY, JOHN D. PRINCE. SILAS R. MORSE, Curator. Heads of the Several Departments of the New Jersey State Museum. C. J. BAXTER, STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, Educational. E. B. VOORHEES, RUTGERS COLLEGE, Agriculture. HENRY B. KUMMEL, STATE GEOLOGIST, Geology. JOHN C. SMOCK, EX-STATE GEOLOGIST. Forestry. JOHN B. SMITH, STATE ENTOMOLOGIST, Entomology. JAMES T. MORGAN, DEPUTY OF BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, Manufactures. WILLIAM H. WERNER, Taxidermist of Museum. HERBERT M. LLOYD, SECRETARY OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Archeology. (3) Letter of Transmittal. TRENTON, N. J., November 3Oth, 1909. To the Honorable Jo/in Franklin Fort, Governor of the State of New Jersey: SIR I have the honor to present, for the Commissioners of the Xew Jersey State Museum, the annual report, including a Report of the Insects Found in New Jersey. SILAS R. MORSE, Curator. (5) Curator's Report. In the present report for 1909, we are endeavoring to present a subject that will be on the line of education, as in the previous reports. It is a subject that every person in New Jersey should be interested in and study. It follows the Report on Birds, as they are the destroyers of the insects. Unless the people of New Jersey study insects and how to destroy them, it will cost the State many thousand dollars to prevent the destruction of the crops, trees, etc. Massachusetts has spent, it is said, over a million dollars in trying- to destroy two imported insects, the Gypsy Moth and the Brown-Tail Moth, which are sure to invade New Jersey as they have every New England State. In selecting Prof. John B. Smith, of the New Jersey Experi- mental Station, at Rutgers College, we know no better man in the United States could have been procured. He has a reputation as one of the best entomologists, not only in this country, but in Europe. His success is known to every one. We feel sure that no former report of the State Museum has done more good than this one will do. THE NEEDS OF THE MUSEUM. The one thing we need most is more room. It is impossible to display many of our specimens, and those that are on exhibi- tion are so crowded that they are not shown to advantage, while others cannot be displayed. Our exhibits of school work cannot be seen to any advantage on account of a proper place to install them. There should be rooms especially for this depart- ment of the Museum, where it could be made one of the most interesting and educational parts of the whole Museum. There is, in this department, work that was exhibited at seven great (7) 8 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. expositions, and it shows the growth and advancement of the educational system of New Jersey for the last thirty years. The specimens now owned by the Museum need double the space we now have, and w r e are continually adding to the number. The historical department can be made one of the best if room could be had for it. Valuable specimens of this kind are being lost for the want of room to place them. There are many valuable specimens in the State that we could procure at no cost if w T e could have a place to display them. They are continually being collected by other States, and thus can never be procured for the Museum. ADDITION TO THE MUSEUM S SPECIMENS BY PURCHASE. BIRDS. Whistling Swan, M. Great Grey Owl, F. Great Horned Owl, M. Horned Grebe, M. Mallard Duck, M. Ring Neck Duck, F. Harlequin Duck, F. 2 Northern Phalarope, M. & F. 2 Red Phalarope, M. & F. Wilson's Phalarope, F. 2 American Avocet, M. & F. 2 Long-billed Dowitcher, M. & F. 2 Stilt Sandpiper, M. & F. 2 White Rumped Shrike, M,. & F. 2 American Oyster Catcher, M. & F. 2 Pine Siskin, M. & F. 2 Lark Sparrow, M. & F. 2 Lincoln Sparrow, M. & F. Prairie Hen, M.' Yellow-Headed Blackbird, F. Ruby-Crowned Kinglet, F. Spotted Sandpiper, F. American Pipit, F. 2 Brown-headed Nuthatch, M. & F. 2 Canadian Chickadee, M. & F. Gray Cheek Thrush, M. 2 Bicknell's Thrush, M. & F. 2 Wilson's Thrush, M. & F. 2 Black Guillemot, M. & F. Dovekie, F. 2 Pomarine Jaeger, M. &. F. 2 Royal Term. M. & F. 2 Least Term, M. &. F. 2 Greater Shearwater, M. & F. 2 Sooty Shearwater, M. & F. 2 Wilson's Pintail, M. & F. 2 Cormorant, M. & F. Gadwall, F. Redhead, F. Ring Neck Duck, M. 2 Lesser Snow Goose, M. & F. 2 Greater Snow Goose, M. & F. 2 Marbled Godwit, M. & F. 2 Western Sandpiper, M. & F. Wilson's Plover, F. 2 Red Bellied Woodpecker, M. & F. 2 Fork Tailed Flycatcher, M. & F. 2 Arizona Kingbird, M. & F. 2 Olive Sided Flycatcher, M. & F. 2 Canada Jay. M. & F. Cowbird, F. Lapland Longspur, F. Savanna Sparrow, F. Henslow's Sparrow, F. 2 Ard. S. T. Sparrow, M. & F. 2 Swamp Sparrow, M. & F. Tndigo Bunting, F. Summer Tanager, F. CURATOR'S REPORT. Prothonotary Warbler, F. 2 Golden Warbler, M. & F. 2 Nashville \Varbler, M. & F. Cape May W- arbler, M. Yellow Warbler, F. Magnolia Warbler. F. 2 Bay Breasted Warbler, M. & F. 2 Yellow Palm Warbler, M. & F. 2 Prairie Warbler, M. & F. 2 Kentucky Warbler, M. & F. Wilson's Warbler, F. Canadian Warbler. F. Louisiana Water Thrush, F. Conn. Warbler. F. Morning Warbler, F. 2 Bewicks \Varbler.. M. & F. 2 House Wren, M. & F. 2 American Scoter. M. & F. 2 Long-billed Curlew, M. & F. Hairy Woodpecker. M. 2 Wood Pewee, M. & F. 2 Yellow Billed Flycatcher, M. & F. 2 Orchard Oriole, M. & F. 2 Boat Tailed Crackle, M. & F. Blue Grosbeak, F. FISH. Brown Trout. 4 Brook Trout. Porcupine Fish. Fool Fish. Trunk Fish. Angel Fish. Moon Fish. Saw Fish. Sea Bat. Horse Foot Crab, large and small. Hermit Crab. Fiddler Crab. Swimming Crab. Brook Trout. Purple Spined Urchin. Key Hole. Sea Horse. Devil Fish. MAMMALS. Mounted Fisher. Group of 6 mounted Beaver. 3 Moles. 3 Mice. Mounted group of 3 Deer. Mounted Raccoon. BIRDS' EGGS. 2 Holboell's Grebe eggs. 1 Parastic Jaeger egg. 3 Ring-bill Gull eggs. 3 Gull-billed Terms eggs. 2 Caspian Terms eggs, i Sooty Terms egg. i Fulamr egg. i Cormorant egg. i American Merganser egg. i Baldpate egg. 13 Blue-winged Teal eggs. i Canvas Back egg. 1 Old Squaw egg. 2 Harlequin eggs. 4 American Bittern eggs. 3 American Egret eggs. 3 Yellow-crow-ned Night Heron eggs. 4 Purple Gallinule eggs. 3 Bartramian Sandpiper eggs, i Canada Grouse egg. 1 English Pheasant egg. 2 Mourning Dove eggs. 5 Cooper's Hawk eggs. 3 American Osprey eggs. 8 Burrowing Owl eggs. 1 Hairy Woodpecker egg. 4 Arkansas Kingbird eggs. 3 Prairie Horned Lark eggs. 2 American Magpie eggs. 4 Blue Jay eggs. I Northern Raven egg. 1 Rusty Crackle egg. 4 Savanna Sparrow eggs. 2 Blue Grosbeak eggs. 4 Barn Swallow eggs. 3 Red-eyed Vireo eggs. i Blue-winged Warbler egg. 5 La. Water Thrush eggs. io REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. 1908 November Twenty-sixth Annual Report of the Public Museum of Milwaukee. Museum News, Central Museum, Brooklyn, N. Y. Zoological Bulletin, Division of Zoology, Harrisburg, Pa. University Bulletin, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, D. C. Report of New York State Museum The Gypsy and Brown-Tail Moths New Jersey Review of Charities and Corrections. The Oologist. December Museum News, Central Museum, Brooklyn, N. Y. Zoological Bulletin, Division of Zoology, Harrisburg, Pa. 1909 January- Museum News, Central Museum. Brooklyn, N. Y. Zoological Bulletin, Division of Zoology, Harrisburg, Pa. Bulletin of New York Botanical Garden. Annual Report of the Field Museum. Chicago, 1908. Contributions to Texan Herpetology. The Auk, Ornithology Bulletin. February Museum News, Central Museum, Brooklyn, N. Y. Zoological Bulletin, Division of Zoology, Harrisburg, Pa. Bulletin of the New York Botanical Gardens. March- Bulletin of the New York Botanical Gardens. Museum News, Central Mhseum, Brooklyn, N. Y. Zoological Bulletin, Division of Zoology, Harrisburg, Pa. Reports of the John Crerar Library, Chicago, 1895-1908. John Crerar Library Handbook, 1907. John Crerar Library List of Books Exhibited. John Crerar Library Supplement to the List of Books in the Public Li- braries of Chicago and Evanston. John Crerar Library List of Current Periodicals in Reading Room. John Crerar Library List of Cyclopedias and Dictionaries with a List of Directories, August, 1908. Bulletin of the Charleston Museum, Vol. 4, No. 4, April, 1008. Bulletin of the Charleston Museum, Vol. 4, No. 5, May, 1908. Bulletin of the Charleston Museum, Vol. 4, No. 6, October, 1908. Bulletin of the Charleston Museum, Vl. 4, No. 7, November, 1908. Bulletin of the Charleston Museum, Vol. 4, No. 8 ; December, 1908. Bulletin of the Charleston Museum, Vol. 5, No. I, January, 1909. Bulletin of the Charleston Museum, Vol. 5, No. 2, February. 1909. April- Museum News, Central Museum, Brooklyn, N. Y. Zoological Bulletin. Division of Zoology, Harrisburg, Pa. General Zoology, Catalogue No. 39. CURATOR'S REPORT. u Zoological Society Bulletin, No. 33. The Foothills Formation of North Central Colorado. Report of the State Librarian of Pennsylvania for 1907. Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1908. Pedigree Cultures and Museums, University of Chicago. The Ecological Succession of Birds, University of Chicago. New Species of Fishes from Tropical America, Field Museum, No. 132. Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society, 1909. May- Popular Lectures of Natural History, by S. E. Morse. University of Illinois, Bulletin No. 135, Bordeaux Mixture. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Physchology, Wistar Institution. Esperanto or Odo. Anthropologie Metrique, Paris Imprimeris Nationale. Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Sciences. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Annual Address, 1878. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Thirty-eighth Annual Report, 1895. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Thirty-ninth Annual Report, 1896. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Fortieth Annual Report, 1897. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Its Past History and Present Collection. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Historical Sketch of the Academy. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Higher Fungi of the Chicago Region. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Glacial Markings of Unusual Forms. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Observations on Fluviatile Deposits. Chicago Academy of Sciences, List of Batrachia and Reptilia of Illinois. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Microscopic Organisms in the Bowlder Clays of Chicago and Vicinity. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Northern Pitcher Planter Side-Saddle Flower. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Boulder Clays. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Micro-Chemistry of Fats. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Chicago Artesian Wells. Chicago Academy of Sciences, On Rhizocarps in the Erian Period of Amer. Chicago Academy of Sciences, A Paper on Elephas Primigenius. Chicago Academy of Sciences, The Trilobita. Chicago Academy of Sciences, The Mjineralogy of the Chicago Area. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Birds of the Chicago Area. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Preliminary Outline, Vol. 2, No. 2. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Preliminary Outline, Vol. 2, No. 3. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Preliminary Outline, Vol. 2, No. 4. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Preliminary Outline, Vol. 3, No. i. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Preliminary Outline, Vol. 3, No. 2. Chicago Academy of Sciences, The Lichen-Flora. Chicago Academy of Sciences, The Pleistocene Feature and Deposits. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Mollusca of the Chicago Area. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Gastropoda. Chicago Academy of Sciences, The Crinoidea. Museum News, Central Museum, Brooklyn, N. Y. Zoological Bulletin, Division of Zoology, Harrisburg, Pa. 12 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. June- Artesian Wiells, by John Dean Caton, LL.D. The Training School, Vineland, N. J. Zoological Society Bulletin, New York Zoological Society. Amphibians and Reptiles of Arkansas, Academy of Sciences, St. Louis. Occasional Memoirs of the Chicago Entomological Society, 1900. Zoological Bulletin, Division of Zoology, Harrisburg, Pa. Observation on Instantaneous Changes in Color Among Tropical Fish. Report of the Director of the Aquarium of the Board of Managers, New York Zoological Society. August- Natural History Survey of Illinois, Fishes of Illinois. Natural History Survey of Illinois, Atlas. University of Illinois, Circulars Nos. 131 and 133. University of Illinois, Bulletin No. 136. Museum of Brooklyn, Institute of Arts and Sciences, Report for 1908. Arbor and Bird Day, Illinois, 1909. Civil Service Commission of New Jersey, First Annual Report. Progress of Game Protection, Depart, of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Museum News, Central Museum, Brooklyn, N. Y. September- University of Illinois, The Mineral Contents of Illinois Waters. University of Illinois, ChemicaJ and Biological Survey of the Waters of Illinois. Museum News, Central Museum, Brooklyn, N. Y. Zoological Bulletin, Division of Zoology, Harrisburg, Pa. October- Zoological Society Bulletin, New York Zoological Society. Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society, Vol. 6, Nos. 3 and 4. Bulletin of the Charlestowiv Museum, Vol. 5, No. 6. U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin 376, Game Laws, 1909. Museum News, Central Museum, Brooklyn, N. Y. Colorado Geological Survey, First Annual Report, 1908. Bulletin of the N. Y. Botanical Garden, Hudson-Fulton Celebration. Erie, Pa., Public Library, Annual Report. Bulletin No. 2 of the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology. Penn. Museum,, Memorial Hall, Fairmount Park, Bulletin No. 2, 4 and 5. Penn. Museum, Memorial Hall, Fairmount Park, Bulletin No. 6. Penn. Museum, Memorial Hall, Fairmount Park, Bulletin No. 7. Penn. Mbseum, Memorial Hall, Fairmount Park, Bulletin No. 8. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, Thirty-third Annual Report, 1909. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 9, January, 1905. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 10, April, 1905. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 11, July, 1905. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 12, October, 1905. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 13, January, 1906. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 14, April, 1906. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 15, July, 1906. CURATOR'S REPORT. 13 Perm. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 16, October, 1906. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art. No. 17, January, 10x37. Perm. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 18, April, 1907. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 19, July, 1907. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 20, October, 1907. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 21, January, 1908. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 22, April, 1908. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 23, July, 1908. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 24, October, 1908. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 25. January, 1909. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 26, April, 1909. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 27, July, 1909. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, No. 28, October, 1909. Penn. Mtaseum and School of Industrial Art, Tulip Ware of the Pa. Ger. Potters. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, Majolica of Mexico. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, Lead Glazed Pottery. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, Artificial Soft Paste Porcelain. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, Tin Enameled Pottery. Penn. Museum and School of Industrial Art, Salt Glazed Stoneware. Table of Contents. Page. Part I Insects, their Classification and Distribution, 15-32 Chapter 1 Introductory, 15 2 Classification and Development, 19 3 Faunal Characteristics, 27 4 Benefits and Injuries Caused by Insects, 31 Part II Systematic List, Order Thysanura, 33 Ephemerida, 37 Plecoptera, Mallophaga 43 Isoptera, 49 Corrodentia, 51 Platyptera, 55 Neuroptei'a, 59 Mecoptera, 65 Trichoptera, 67 " Odonata, 73 Thysanoptera, Parasitica, 85 Homoptera, 87 Hemiptera 131 Dermoptera, 171 Orthoptera 173 Coleoptera, 195 Lepidoptera, 407 Hymenoptera, 579 Siphonoptera, 701 Diptera, 703 Index to Localities, 815 Explanations of Abbreviations and Acknowledgments, Illustrations, Summary, 850 Index to Families and Genera, 851 Part I Insects, their Classification and Distribution. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. Twenty years ago, Dr. Geo. H. Cook, then State Geologist as well as Director of the Agricultural Experiment Stations, asked me to prepare, as part of the final report of the survey which was published in 1890, a list of the insects known to occur in New Jersey. The time was brief, the sources of in- formation were few and our knowledge of the classification of some of the orders was limited. That, under the circumstances, the list should be incomplete and imperfect was to be expected, and no one recognized that better than I. Nevertheless, in spite of its defects, the list served a useful purpose and stimulated interest beyond all expectation. It also produced so much addi- tional information that, in 1899, ten years later, the State Board of Agriculture authorized me to prepare another edition, or in reality a new work, which was published in 1900 as a supplement to the Twenty-seventh Annual Report. In this second edition a number of departures were made. More time being; allotted and more material bem? at hand, the o o aid of specialists in the various orders was enlisted and a much more complete picture of the insect fauna was obtained. Illus- trations were introduced and an attempt was made to picture at least representative species of the main groups, And, while it was impossible to give much information about so many species, a great many brief notes on food habits and on the methods of dealing with economic species were incorporated. The publication was the most ambitious faunal list ever at- tempted in the United States, and it proved unexpectedly ac- (15) 16 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. ceptable and useful. Requests were received from all parts of the country, from educational institutions and students, and long since the entire edition was exhausted. There is, perhaps, no similar work in such general use, and copies that find their way to dealers in second-hand books find a ready sale at a good price. The book has stimulated study and has created increased de- mand for information concerning insect habits from all parts of the State. There is no other one work in New Jersey libraries from which an equal amount of such information can be ob- tained, and as a reference work it is in constant demand. Since the publication of the last edition a new generation of collectors and students has come into being, and the entomolog- ical societies in New York City, Brooklyn, Philadelphia and in Newark have increased largely in membership. New Jersey still furnishes a favorite hunting-ground for many of these collectors and students, and our knowledge of the species has increased enormously. In the present edition there are 139 recorders, and many of those that had only a few records in the last edition have contributed liberally to this. Almost an equal number of contributors have died or have ceased to add to entomological work; but their notes are still serviceable and suggestive. Among those who have contributed to the actual work of preparing the list there have been additions and subtractions. Mr. R. P. Dow has contributed a list o-f Thysanura, an order which was entirely unrepresented before. In the Neuropterous orders Mr. Nathan Banks is still authority, save in the Odonata, which, as before, have been done by Dr. Philip P. Calvert. The biting and sucking lice have been worked over by Prof. Herbert Osborn, and the list is from his publications as marked for me by him. In the Homopterons section of the Hcmiptera, Mr. E. P. Van Duzee has helped me out and has identified a large part of the species for collectors of New Jersey material, while Dr. W. E. Britton has very kindly done the Alcyrodidcc. In the Hemiptera Hetcroptera Mr. J. R. de la Torre Bueno has pre- pared the list except in the Capsidcc, in which Mr. Otto Heiclmann has again contributed. In the Orthoptera Mr. James G. A. Rchn has arranged the list and has named much of the material gath- THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 17 ered. In the Coleoptera and Lepidoptera the list has been writ- ten by me with such help as is specifically acknowledged, except that the Microlepidoptera are almost entirely the work of Mr. W. D. Kearfott. In the Hymenoptera Mr. Henry L. Viereck is responsible for the present general arrangement, the gall-flies and ants being written by Mr. Beutenmuller and Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler, respectively. The Diptera are again listed by Mr. C. W. Johnson except for the gall-midges, which were done by Mr. Beutenmuller, and the mosquitoes, which were written by Mr. John A. Grossbeck. To all these gentlemen especial thanks are due, for without their help the list would have lacked much of its present completeness and accuracy. I have not mentioned here, specifically, all who have assisted to greater or less extent, but individual help will be found acknowledged in connection with the particular specialty, and I do not consider this assistance less valuable or worthy of grateful recognition because of its smaller scope. To the members of the Newark Entomological Society, of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, of the New York Entomo- logical Society, of the Feldman Social and of the American Entomological Society I am indebted for hearty co-operation and encouragement in all phases of this work. In this edition the intention has again been to connect it with the preceding, so that so far as possible every name in the latter should be identifiable here. In most orders this has been possible ; but not in all. Sometimes names are omitted without explana- tion where they were recorded as only probable ; in such cases the probability has for some reason become remote, and that should be considered the explanation. Where species have been transferred from one genus to another, the generic name used in the previous list is given in parentheses after the specific name; but when several species in succession have been so transferred, the generic name may appear in parentheses only two or three times to call attention to the matter and to locate the transferred names. In no case must the synonyms given here in parentheses or following an : : sign be considered as a scientific synonymical 2 IN 1 8 REPORT OF NEAV JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. reference. It means only that the first name given is the correct name or the' name now in use to represent the species previously recorded under the second name or the name inclosed in paren- theses. These references are merely for the identification of the names used in the previous edition and carry no weight otherwise. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 19 CHAPTER II. The system used in this list is practically the same as that of the previous edition, and it may be well to briefly state the char- acters of the orders as used here. I assume that the primitive insect from which all the types now existing have descended was a small, soft-bodied creature living in moist earth or mud along the banks of bodies of water. It had six true legs, and probably leg-like abdominal appendages, no wings, no compound eyes or no eyes at all, and no developed breathing system ; taking in oxygen from the surrounding moisture through all parts of the skin surface. The head was not much differentiated from the rest of the body, and the mouth parts were generalized, with three or four pairs of fleshy processes from which the jointed and other appendages of the more specialized mouth structures developed. These were the Proto- thysanura, and creatures not so very different occur among the TJiysanura of the present day. The latter, however, have in some cases well developed mouth parts, while many live in dry places and have a fairly complete trachea! system. There are no distinct metamorphoses and the insects are wingless throughout. Our primitive Thysanurans divided early into two branches on mouth structure; some becoming mandibulate or fitted for chewing, while others became haustellate, fitted for puncturing plant or animal cells, and living on the juices alone. In both these branches wings developed, very different in type and yet with fundamentally the same scheme of venation. The little order Thysanoptera has the mouth parts fitted for puncturing or scraping the surface so as to get at the plant juices, which are then drawn into the body. The wings are long, very narrow, frail, not connected, and altogether the structure is primitive. Popularly they are known as Thrips, and some of them are decidedly injurious to farm crops. A decided step forward is made in the Rhyngota, in which the mouth parts are developed into slender lancets fitted for piercing, and are protected by a jointed beak except in the parasitica and 20 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. scale insects. These creatures are able to puncture tissue and to suck the juices of animals or plants as the case may be. The Parasitica contains those forms without wings, adapted to live among the hair, on the blood o>f certain vertebrates, and here the lancets are retractile into the head, the beak being lost or modified into 1 a short snout with or without anchor hooks or processes. The order Hoiiwptcra, or Hemiptera-Homoptera, contains the plant lice, scale insects, leaf-hoppers, mealy bugs, etc., hence is, in its entirety, injurious to the agriculturist. The head is here closely applied to the thorax, the beak is directed backward and issues underneath the head so far that, in many cases, it seems to' come out between the front legs. . In the scale insects the beak is lost in the female, and in the males the mouth structures are partially or altogether lost. When wings are present they are uniform in texture throughout, but there is often a difference in the texture of the two pairs. The order Heteroptera or Heuiiptera-Heteroptera marks the extreme of the development in the Rhyngota, and here the mouth structures are more free, the beak often from the front of the head so that it may be directed straight forward, the forewings thickened and leathery or chitinous at base, thin and mem- braneous at tip, usually divided into well-marked regions. None of the Rhyngota have a completed metamorphosis and altogether this branch, with sucking mouth parts in all stages, remained a limited and inferior one. The branch in Which mandibles were developed found a much greater range of food-getting possibilities and split up into a much greater number of divisions. With the development of wings, the thoracic segments which bear the organs of locomotion became modified. At first the three segments were similar to each other, and one series retained this peculiarity, all the rings being of practically equal import- ance. All these are loose-jointed frail forms with large, trans- parent wings. A departure was made when the second and third segments, which bear the wings, became united for more compact muscular attachments, and the first segment or prothorax THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 21 was left free. The highest specialization was reached when all three of the thoracic segments united to form a compact body supporting all the organs of locomotion. These modifications, once started, tended to become intensified, and there is little difficulty now in recognizing the orders belonging to each series. Perhaps the simplest type in general structure are the Isop- tera, including- what are generally known as Termites or white ants. They are soft-bodied, loose-jointed, all the thoracic rings well developed and altogether primitive in appearance. The wings are large and frail, net-veined, not united in flight and not folded when at rest. Yet, while these insects retain their primi- tive structure, they have become very highly specialized socially, living in immense communities with specialized worker, soldier and other castes. The workers are blind, never become winged, and even the sexually-mature winged forms have no resting stage; the metamorphosis is incomplete. The Mallophaga are the biting lice, and have the same general form as the Termite workers except that they are more flattened and are adapted to their parasitic mode of life. Wings are never developed, the metamorphosis is incomplete, and the insects most commonly infest birds. The Corrodentia mark yet another step in advance, but are still soft-bodied and loose-jointed. The book-lice found in houses are a common type, and resemble the biting lice in form ; but they are very active and run rapidly. Some forms develop wings, which are peculiarly veined and not folded when at rest. The Neuroptera, including Aphis lions and Ant-lions, are yet further specialized. The larvae retain the Termite worker type, but are more oval and the jaws are much larger and character- istically developed for a predatory mode of life. The larvae, when full grown, form true pupae, which remain quiescent until the adult emerges, and the metamorphosis is thus complete. The adults have, generally, long, slender bodies, with large \vings, which are laid flat when at rest and not folded. This is by far is very compact, the constriction between head and thorax is very is very compact ; the constriction between head and thorax is very well defined, and, altogether, the resemblance to some of the types of the third series is strongly marked. 22 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. It will be noted that all the orders of the first series are terres- trial in all stages, and that in none of them are the wings folded in any way. The second series of the mandibulates is that in which the first segment of the thorax became separated from and movable upon the second, while the second and third became closely united. In all cases the head is set into the first thoracic segment, and there is never any distinct neck between. This series branched early into two main divisions, one of them adapted to living on land, the other living in or under water. The Plecoptera, or plaited winged forms known as stone-flies, have the wings net-veined, and the hind wings are folded or plaited beneath the fore wings when they are at rest. The larvae live under stones in water, breathing by means of gill- tufts ; the pupae are active and the metamorphosis is thus incom- plete. An advance is noted in the Platyptcra, where the transforma- tions become complete. In general appearance they are not unlike the stone-flies, but are more compactly built, with the wings folded in much the same way. They are known as fish- flies, and some of them are very large and formidable in appear- ance. The larvae live on the bottom of streams under stones, breathing through gill-tufts and usually coming to the shore to pupate. The largest of these larvae are known to fishermen as Heligramites, and are often gathered in numbers as bait for bass. In the terrestrial series the roaches first became developed, and from them the other members of the order Orthoptera or straight-winged insects, grasshoppers, katydids, crickets and the like. In all these the fore wings are actually or comparatively narrow, more or less thickened in texture, while the hind wings are folded fan-like beneath them. The pupal stage is active, and the transformation, therefore, incomplete. Some of the roaches had, and some yet have, the secondaries transversely folded, and from this type we derive the Dermoptera and Coleoptera. The Dermoptera, or ear-wigs, resemble small, short-winged beetles, with a curious, forceps-like anal appendage, which they THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 23 use in tucking in the elaborately folded hind wings beneath the short wing-covers. The transformations are incomplete. The Colcoptera, or sheath-winged insects, commonly called beetles, illustrate the extreme of this line of development. They have the fore wings hardened so as to- be useless for purposes of flight, and they are laid on the back so as to meet in a straight line down the middle. The secondaries are folded transversely under the wing-covers or elytra, and the metamorphosis is com- plete. The third and last of the mandibulate series is that in which all the thoracic rings are united together to form a more or less compact or even, barrel-shaped mass. The head is now free from the thorax and united to it only by a slender neck. A fly, a bee or a butterrlv will serve as an illustration. The ancestry of this series began in the aquatic forms passing the larval stages under water, and the Hphemerida or day-flies are the earliest types. The larvae live in the mud of stream and other water bodies in immense numbers and, when full grown, change to frail, gossamer-'winged flies which have the fore wings larger than the second pair and both pairs held upright like those of butterflies when at rest. Most of the species have slender anal filaments, the mouth parts are aborted and the life period is very short in the adult stage, though as larvae they may live for years. The transformations are incomplete. The Odonata or dragon flies are also aquatic in the larval stage and in their day were numerous and well developed. They have two pairs of flat, net-veined, similar wings, and they are predatory in habit. The larvae live in the mud of ponds and among water plants, feeding upon any soft-bodied insects that come in their way, and the pupa is as active as the larva. The order has many structural peculiarities in all stages and 'has no descendants, the line now tending to become lost. From the Ephemerid type two lines diverged in larval struc- ture one to a caterpillar-like larva living in mud and moist places generally, the other toward a similar larva living in water and building a tube or case for protection. The latter are known as Trichoptera or "caddice-flies," the larvae either preda- tory or plant-feeding. The adults have the wings more or less 24 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. densely covered with hair, the hind pair is folded under the fore wings and the mouth parts are aborted. The transformations are complete, and some of the local caddices or cases are marvels of structure and mimicry. Direct descendants of this order are the Lcpidoptera or scale- winged insects, including butterflies and moths. In these the mouth parts of the adult are modified into a coiled tongue serving only to lap up liquid food, while the caterpillars or larvae have the mandibles well developed and chew their food. The transforma- tions are complete. The mud or earth living larvae developed at once into terrestrial types, of which the oldest and most generalized are the Mecoptera or scorpion flies. They derive their common name from the fact that the males of many of the species are furnished with a promi- nent anal forceps curved upward like the tail of a scorpion, although entirely harmless. The wings are long, rather narrow, net-veined and not folded. The mouth parts are prolonged into a beak-like structure in which the parts are much divided and synthetic in type. They are predatory in all stages and the trans- formations are complete. The Hymeno'ptera contain the bees, wasps, ants, saw-flies and the like, and among them we find the highest type of social organization and the extreme of intellectual development among insects. The mouth parts are in many cases elongated to enable them to gather the nectar of flowers, and they have four trans- parent wings with comparatively few veins and cells except in the saw-flies, where the venation is more complicated. The trans- formation is complete and in many cases the larva is dependent for its food upon the supply gathered by its parent. The Diptera or flies can always be recognized by having two wings only, the hind pair appearing as vestiges merely. The larvae are mostly footless, grub-like or maggots, and, while there is no development of social or intellectual characters, the flies are in their transformations and physical structure at the head of the insect world. The mouth structures are variably developed and may be adapted for lapping as in the common house-fly, or for piercing and sucking as in the equally common mosquito. The THE INSECTS QF NEW JERSEY. 25 importance of certain of these flies to the human race has only come to be appreciated in very recent years. An offshoot from the Diptera, which has become partially parasitic, we find in the fleas, for which the ordinal term Sipho- n apt era is used. They are wingless, laterally compressed, and live as adults on warm-blooded, hair or fur-coated animals. In a graphic form the scheme of classification is shown on the accompanying diagram. (See p. 26.) For convenience of cataloguing, the sequence of the orders is modified so that all the neuropterous forms are grouped together before the Rhyngota } irrespective of the series to which they belong in point of development. 26 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 27 CHAPTER III. FAUNAL CHARACTERISTICS. New Jersey is in the Carolinian area of the upper austral zone, and its relations as a whole are with the territory to the south and southwest, rather than with that to the north or northeast. Only in the mountainous northwestern section in Warren and Sussex Counties is there a distinct element of the Transition zone, which is manifested to a much smaller extent along the northern boundary in Passaic and Bergen Counties, Yet, although the State belongs to one general faunal area, the fauna is by no means uniform and it offers several very distinct though not sharply limited regions. These are based largely upon geologic formations which cannot be discussed here ; but their general boundaries and character should be briefly stated. And first I wish to credit Dr. Philip P. Calvert with suggesting the importance and outlining the characters of the regions to avoid unnecessary elaboration in recording widely distributed species, and with suggesting the designations for the various regions. Beginning at the northwestern corner of the State we have the Appalachian region, bounded at the southeast by that series of elevated ridges extending northeast and southwest, beginning with the Pochunck Mountain on the north, and reaching the Delaware River at the Marble Mountain, just north of Easton, including as part of the ridge the Scott, Jenny Jump and Alla- muchy Mountains. This region contains the greatest elevations in the State and resembles in character the adjacent regions of Pennsylvania and New York. It has not been at all thoroughly collected, Mr. Johnson's records at Dunnfield and in the Water Gap region forming the most important contributions, and evi- dencing the transition characters strongly. Thus far no truly boreal elements have been found, but there may be a trace in the unexplored sections of the mountains. East and a little south of the Appalachian come the Highlands, fairly denned at their western border, but very irregular at the 28 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. junction with the Piedmont Plain. This contains the hilly country of most parts of Hunterdon and Morris, and of smaller areas in Passaic and Bergen Counties. It extends from Riegels- ville on the Delaware north to the junction with the Appalachian above Phillipsburgh. From the Delaware it extends irregularly eastward to the vicinity of White House Station on the Central Railroad of New Jersey. From that point it extends northeast in a very irregular line to the northern boundary, taking in Morris Plains, Boonton and Butler near the edge of the line. It extends as a narrow border along the northern line of the State and sends two spurs to the south. One of these spurs includes the Palisades and Highlands along the western shore of the Hudson River, to Hoboken. The second extends southward to Paterson, is there broken by the Passaic Valley and then takes in the narrow ridge of the Orange or Watdiung Mountains, the southern tip coming near to^ Somerville. This region is rolling or hilly in character, with deciduous forests, and contains much area under cultivation. The transition element is marked though not conspicuous in this region, and many of the New York species come into it. A large part of the Orange Mountain and Palisade districts have been thoroughly collected in some of the orders, but along the northern border little has been done except in the Greenwood Lake district, and in the more central portion only the Hopat- cong territory has been explored. The Ramapo Mountains are almost unknown entomologically, and so indeed are most of the ridges in line with and parallel to the Green Pond Mountain. The Piedmont Plain takes in the great red sandstone region, \vhich is quite sharply bounded on the south by a line extending rather evenly southwest from the mouth of the Raritan River to Trenton. From Trenton it extends along the Delaware nearly to Riegelsville, and it fills in to the north everything to the edge of the Highlands, but does not quite extend to the shore line on the east. This area is largely under cultivation, has no great elevations, but has many large swamp areas and low meadow regions. The forests are deciduous and insect life is less abundant than to the north or south. There are a number of distinctive features in this region which are interesting: the elm-leaf beetle is strictly one-broodecl, while in the Delaware THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 29 Valley region it is at least partially two brooded; the codling moth never has a full second brood, and only in exceptional seasons even a partial one. And so there are other points which are of economic interest and agricultural importance. The Delazvare Valley region extends south from Trenton along the Delaware River to the bay, and along the bay to Cape May, fringed south of Salem Creek by salt marshes. It extends eastward an average distance of about fifteen miles, until about opposite Bordentown it crosses the State in a strip about twenty miles wide to the Monmouth shore. Its northern border is formed by the Piedmont Plain ; its southern and eastern border merges into the Pine Barrens. When it reaches the Monmouth shore this region sends a narrow strip northward along the coast- line, broadening along the shores of Newark Bay so as to take in the entire peninsula from Jersey City to Bergen Point and extending up the Hackensack Valley, including all the space between the Palisade spur of the Highlands on the east and the edge of the Piedmont Plain on the west. A southward extension of this region extends in a narrow strip along the ocean to Point Pleasant and then partially breaks up into a narrow inter- rupted fringe between the Pine Barrens and the salt marsh, and even appear on the large islands c. g., near Barnegat City, on seven-mile beach, five-mile beach, etc. Islands of this region occur also in the Pine Barrens, especially along the edges, and the boundaries here are difficult to> establish. This Delaware Valley region contains the best agricultural land in the State, and most of it is under cultivation. It is level or slightly rolling and has a rich diversified flora and insect fauna. Nearly the whole region has been thoroughly collected over and its peculiarities are well known. The Pine Barrens occupy the area between the coastal strip on the east and the Delaware River region on the west, and alto- gether contain a greater area than any one other faunal region in the State. There are no natural boundaries to the north or west, and it simply merges into the Delaware Valley in an irregular manner, sending out spurs and islands of all sizes and forms. A singular detached island extends along the southern shore of 30 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. the Raritan River, and from South Amboy to Jamesburg, form- ing an excellent collecting ground. The term "barrens" applied to this area is, in a way, a mis- nomer. There are many desolate stretches of pines and scrub oaks on a level sandy soil, but, on the other hand, there are hundreds of acres of excellent truck lands, and for small fruits there is no better section in the State. Pines and scrub oaks are, however, the dominant trees, and the country is level or but slightly rolling, the soil more or less sandy. There are acres of cedar, sphagnum and other swamps in this region, and many of these have been turned into profitable cranberry bogs. There is a great diversity of conditions in this area and, in consequence, the insect fauna is extremely rich. The species on the whole resemble those of more southern States, and Georgian or even the Floridian forms are not uncommonly met with, and yet the only trace of real boreal species has been found in the deep cold swamps of Ocean County. This area has been thoroughly ex- plored by the Philadelphia collectors and certain parts of it by the New York collectors as well, so that its insects are tolerably well known. The Coastal strip includes the marshlands lying between the bars fringing the coast and the mainland, and also those along the Delaware Bay and the rivers extending inland through the marshes. The insect fauna is scant, but some very characteristic species occur. The strictly maritime region extends along the coast from Sandy Hook to Cape May, and is confined to the beach and the sand hills immediately back of it. It is not rich in species and the fauna is fairly well known. The map which accompanies this report shows these regions as accurately as is at present possible. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 31 CHAPTER IV. BENEFITS AND INJURIES CAUSED BY INSECTS. It is universally understood that insects cause greater or less injury each year to farm crops, and that injury has been con- servatively estimated as averaging 20 per cent, of the total value. For the year 1908 this meant a loss to the United States at large of $1,500,000,000, an almost incredible sum! In the State of New Jersey the 20 per cent, depreciation in value is fully maintained when all the crops are jointly considered, and it means an annual loss to the State running well into the mil- lions. Much of this loss is avoidable and much of it is avoided by progressive agriculturists and horticulturists, leaving most of the burden where it justly belongs the ignorant, careless or in- different farmer. But it is fair to present, on the other hand, the fact that with- out insects many kinds of crops could not be raised at all, and it is a serious question whether, if benefit and loss could be bal- anced, the benefit would not far outweigh the injury. It is as pollenizers that insects are chiefly beneficial, aside from bee- products, and many of our fruit and forage plants are largely or altogether dependent upon them for bountiful crops. Red- clover seed depends upon bumble-bees entirely; small fruits like strawberries, raspberries, &c., would be only a scant set without the flies and bees that visit the flowers, and many of our tree fruits are similarly served. Cucurbs, including citrons, melons, squashes and the like, rjeed bees of definite species for best results, and there are few cultivated plants on which some insects are not of some benefit. Not only plant life is affected; indeed, almost all farm and other animals have insect parasites of some kind, internal or external, and here there is little to be said in favor of insects. To be sure, many of them are scavengers, removing animal and other decay, and thus they are indirectly beneficial, but the bene- fits so derived are in no proportion to the injury caused by the direct attack. Every dairyman knows that when cattle have to 32 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. fight flies or other pests they fall off in milk, and every farmer that ever sold a hide knows that bot holes lessen its value. Even man does not escape attack, and has parasites as specific- ally dependent upon him as has any other animal. But it is not only the direct attack that is annoying, unpleasant or dangerous. Some of the most common of our pests act as carriers or inter- mediate hosts for serious diseases. It is bad enough to be bitten by a mosquito, but if that mosquito inoculates its victim with the germs of malaria, yellow fever or other pernicious trouble, the matter becomes much more serious. To be bitten by a flea is no great matter in itself, but if the flea came from a plague-infested rat, it is quite another matter. It has been definitely demonstrated that a considerable number of febrile diseases depend for their transmission altogether upon certain kinds of insects, and that if these insects were eliminated, the diseases would disappear. Ordinary house flies are about the most abundant of all our usual pests, and besides the annoyance they cause they are capa- ble of carrying and often do carry the organisms that cause typhoid fever, and other enteric diseases, consumption, diph- theria and several other equally dangerous ailments. We must not, therefore consider these small creatures as insignificant or unworthy of study and attention. They are more dangerous and less easily controlled than the large predatory animals of the field and jungle. A campaign against flies and mosquitoes looks un- worthy of a comparatively huge animal like man; but the com- bat is not so unequal and the victims of insect-borne diseases run into the thousands each month. Large areas of Africa have been depopulated by the sleeping sickness, borne by a Tsetse fly, and a similar fly makes the keeping of horses an impossibility in other portions of the same continent. The fight against insects is not confined to the farmer and fruit grower, nor is he the only one that suffers from their depre- dations. The community at large is as much on the defensive; but it is only recently that this fact has been appreciated by our sanitary and medical authorities. As the agriculturist has learned to control those insects that oppress him and to lessen to the vanishing point their tax upon him, so it is quite possible to ma- terially lessen if not to altogether eliminate the fly, mosquito and other pests that prey upon humanity at large. Part II Systematic List. Order THYSANURA. This order contains the "spring-tails" and "bristle-tails," which are small or minute, soft-bodied creatures without wings and no obvious transformations. The mouth parts are feebly developed, without obvious mandibles, and they are. as a rule, feeders upon the products of decay, though some of the larger forms are able to attack dry and hard sub- stances by scraping uie surface. They are among the most primitive of existing insects, a few of them closely resembling the early stages of "Myriapods," while in others the tracheal system is so feebly developed that respiration seems a function of the entire skin surface. Such insects can live in moist places only, and die as soon as they are ex- posed to drying out. In this order Mr. R. P. Dow has kindly fur- nished the list, including such species as are so generally distributed that their occur- rence in New Jersey is practically certain. There have been no actual collections. Sub=order CINURA. The long anal appendages which give these insects the name "bristle tails" are many-jointed and extend straight out. None of the species are jumpers. LEPISMA Linn. L. saccharina Linn. Occurs in households all over the world and generally in cel- lars or damp places. Is fond of moist sugar, and will feed also on starchy materials. L. quadriseriata Pack. Similar in habit to the preceding, but a native insect, more common southwardly. Fig. i. Silver-fish, Lepisma sp. ; very much enlarged. 3 IN (33) 34 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. THERMOBIA Bergr. T. domestica Pack. The common "silver-fish" or "fish moth" found every- where in houses, and usually in dry places around kitchen stoves, in pantries, and even in dusty drawers. Feeds on starchy material, and sometimes gnaws the bindings of books. All these species are economically harmless. SCOLOPENDRELLA Gerv. S. gratiae Ryder. In damp places, under leaves and mold; resembles a minute larval centipede. CAMPODEA Westw. C. americana Pack. Common everywhere in woods, under stones and leaves. MACHILIS Latr. M. variabilis Say. Generally distributed in the Atlantic States. Sub-order COLLEMBOLA. Much more abundant in species and specimens, and all small or very small. They are distinguished by a pair of short anal spines or "furcula," which are turned under the body and form a spring or leaping organ, which gives them the common name "spring-tails." Most of the species are feeders on vegetable decay, and they occur literally in thousands on manure beds, in toad-stools, on stored fermenting vegetables, in cellars and generally in damp places. A few species occur on living, healthy plants, but not in such a way as to prove injurious. The insects are very light, and after a heavy rain thousands may be seen hopping about on the surface of the pools formed in low meadows. I have seen millions on the water covering a cranberry bog reflowed late in May or early June. SMYNTHURUS Latr. S. arvalis Fitch. This and the four next following species are found on garden plants and are locally common. S. elegans Fitch. With the preceding. S. hortensis Fitch. Common on grasses. S. quadrimaculatus Ryder. Locally common. S. clavatus Banks. Under rotten bark, Sea Cliff, Long Island. Fig. 2. Podurid with spring s - rnacgi I livrayi Banks. Long Island, on weeds, in May. extended. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 35 PAPIRIUS Lubbock. P. marmoratus Pack. Found on Long Island; probable in New Jersey. P. novae-boracencis Fitch. Under boards and rubbish. P. unicolor Harv. On fungi, Maine to Ohio. P. purpurascens MacGill. Long Island and probably New Jerey. The number of species occurring in New Jersey will prove greater than this list shows. The material already in hand indicates this, but unfor- tunately it has not been worked up. ORCHESELLA Tempi. 0. flavopicta Pack. Long Island to Tennessee. TOMOCERUS Nicolet. T. plumbeus Linn. New Jersey is within the faunal region indicated by MacGillivray for this species. SEIRA Lubbock. S. buskii Lubb. A common European species which Professor Folsom regards as a recent importation to the eastern United States. LEPIDOCYRTUS Bourlet. L. albus Pack. Recorded from Maine to Tennessee. L. marmoratus Pack. Massachusetts and probably New Jersey. L. metallicus Pack. Maine to Tennessee. L. pusillus Linn. Another European species; but there is room for doubt as to the correctness of the identification. ENTOMOBRYA Rond. E. fasciata Say. Recorded from Maine to Florida. E. griseo-olivata Pack. Described from New York. E. purpurascens Pack. Recorded from Maine to Tennessee. ISOTOMA Bourlet. 1. albella Pack. Maine, New York and probably New Jersey. I. fimetaria Linn. Throughout Europe and the United States. I. glauca Pack. Recorded from "Massachusetts to Ohio." I. nivalis Pack. New Jersey specimens taken are probably this species. I. piumbea Pack. Long Island and probably New Jersey. I. quadri-oculata Tullb. A green-house species, imported from Europe. ACHORUTES Tempi. A. boletivorus Pack. Occurs from Maine to District of Columbia. A. nivicola Fitch. The "snow-flea," found very early in the year on snow banks. A. pratorum Pack. Described from "New York." $6 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. PODURA Linn. P. ^aquatica Linn. Europe and the United States generally; equally at home on land and water. LIPURA Burm. L. ambulans Linn. New York to District of Columbia. L. fimetaria Linn. A common European species, which has been taken in Massa- Fig. 3. Podurid, commonly found chlisetts and Ohio. on manure beds; spring not visible because curved beneath body. ANURIDA Laboul. A. maritima Guer. Common throughout Europe and the Eastern United States. ANOURA Gervais. A. gibbosa Pack. Recorded from Maine to New York. New Jersey is probably within its range. A. granari Nicol. Another European species which has been found as far west as Ohio, and probably occurs in New Jersey. Order EPHEMERIDA. The members of this order are popularly known as "May flies" because of the time of their greatest abundance, or "day flies" because of their short life in the adult stage. The ordinal term here used is based upon this same peculiarity in their life cycle. The adults have two pairs of wings, very closely net-A'eined, frail in texture, and the anterior much larger than the posterior. The head is large, set on a distinct neck, the mouth parts are aborted, the eyes prominent and the antennas very short. The body is loosely jointed and the abdomen has long anal filaments, varying from three to five in number. The insects are attracted to light and on favorable evenings in early summer often come in swarms to the electric lights in cities or towns on lake or river banks. The early stages are passed in the water, the larvse feeding in the mud and ooze, some- times for a considerable number of years, before they attain maturity. There are many interesting and peculiar structures in this, perhaps the most ancient of the existing types of insects, and the enormous numbers of individuals that still occur, even though the number of species is limited, indi- cates the richness in organic life of the bottoms in which they feed. They are not of economic importance from any point of view. POLYMITARCYS Eaton. P. albus Say. New Brunswick in July. HEXAGENIA Walsh. H. bilineata Say. Caldwell (Cr); New Bruns- wick (Coll); Westville VI, Riverton VII, (Jn). H. limbata Pict. Echo Lake, Passaic Co. VII, 2, Normannock VII (Ds). Fig. 4. An adult May-fly. EPHEMERA Linn. E. decora Wlk. Caldwell, common (Cr). LEPTOPHLEBIA Westw. L. cupida Say. (Blasturus) Great Piece Meadows IV, 10-28, very com- mon (Gr); Caldwell (Cr) ; Ft. Lee V, 1, Staten Island IV, 17, 27 (Ds); Jamesburg, Trenton IV, 30, Lahaway IV, 1 (Coll); Westville IV, 9 (Jn). (37) 38 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. L. mollis Eaton. Recorded from New Hampshire to North Carolina.' L. nebulosus Wlk. (Blasturus) Caldwell (Cr). L. praepedita Eaton. Riverton V (Jn). HADROPHLEBIA Eaton. H. americana Banks. Passaic (Berry); the type locality. EPHEMERELLA Walsh. E. excrucians Walsh. Lake Hopatcong VII, 7, New Brunswick (Coll). C/ENIS Steph. C. diminutiva Wlk. Occurs from New York to Florida. C. hilaris Say. Riverton VII (Jn). B/ETIS Leach. B. propinquus Walsh. Delaware Water Gap VII (Jn). B. unicolor Hagen. New York to District Columbia. CLEON Leach. C. vicina Hagen. Caldwell, common (Cr). CALLIB/ETIS Eaton. C. americanus Banks. Staten Island (Ds). C. ferrugineous Walsh. Ranges from Canada to the Southern States. C. undatus Pict. (Cleon) New York to Cuba. BXETISCA Walsh. B. obesa Say. Caldwell, not rare (Cr). HEPTAGENIA Walsh. H. canadensis Wlk. Del. Water Gap VII (Jn) ; Caldwell (Cr); New Brunswick (Coll). H. flaveola Pict. (Baetis) New Brunswick VIII, 1 (Coll). H. fusca Wlk. Caldwell, not rare (Cr). H. maculipennis Walsh. New Brunswick V, 22, VII, 10 (Coll). H. interpunctata Say. Riverton VII (Jn). H. pulchella Walsh. Del. Water Gap VII (Jn). H. simplex Walsh. New Brunswick VII, 24 (Coll). H. terminata Walsh. Princeton VI, 11 (Coll). H. verticis Say. Ranges from Canada to Georgia. H. vicaria Say. Recorded from Canada to Georgia. Order PLECOPTERA. The "Stone flies" which constitute this order are loose-jointed, flat- tened, soft-bodied creatures with long net-veined wings, the hind pair longitudinally folded beneath the anterior. The head is large, the mouth parts are soft, antennas long and tapering, eyes rather prominent. The prothorax is free and quadrate, the other segments loosely jointed. The abdomen is soft and usually with anal filaments or processes. These "flies" are found along the streams and rivers in which their larvae occur, resting on the leaves and not easily disturbed; their flight is heavy and they do no feeding upon living plants so far as known. The larvae live in streams under stones to which they cling so closely that, being very much flattened they are easily overlooked. They breathe by means of lateral gill tufts which occur also on the head, and which, in some species, persist even in the adult stage; a curious reminder of ancient conditions and an indication of the primitive character of this order! The pupae are active and the transformation is incomplete. They form an important feature of the aquatic fauna in numbers of individuals as well as of species, but are of no economic importance. Since the previous edition quite a number of genera and species have been taken, practically all of which have been determined by Mr. Banks. Fig. 5. A stone-fly and its larva. Famil PTERONARCYS Newn. P. nobilis Hagen. New York to Tennessee. P. regal is Newn. Philadelphia, and certainly occurs in New Jersey. (39) 40 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. ACRONEURIA Pict. A. abnormis Newn. Newfoundland VI (Ds) ; Philadelphia. A. arenosa Pict. (arida Hag.) Warren County VIII, 13, Orange Mts. (Coll). ISOGENUS Newn. I. frontalis Newn. Canada to New York and west to Ohio, so should occur in New Jersey. PERLA Geoff. P. armulipes Hagen. Eastern States to District of Columbia. P. ephyre Newn. New York to Georgia. P. placida Hagen. Riverton VII (Jn). P. postica Wlk. New York to Georgia. P. similis Hagen. Pennsylvania and Maryland. P. tristis Hagen. Del. Water Gap VII, 3, 12 (div). P. xanthenes Newn. Eastern States, generally. PERLESTA Banks. P. virginica Banks. (Chloroperla) Del. Water Gap VII, 12 (Coll). NEOPERLA Need. (PSEUDOPERLA Banks). N. occipital is Pict. Del. Water Gap VII, 12, So. Jersey, New Brunswick IX, 19 (Coll). ISOPERLA Banks. I. transmarina Newn. Del. Water Gap (Slosson); Barnegat Bay dist. VII, 14 (Coll). ALLOPERLA Banks. A. maculata Pict. (Chloroperla) Philadelphia, and sure to occur in New Jersey. CHLOROPERLA Newn. C. cydippe Newn. (Isopteryx) New York to Chicago. T/!NIOPTERYX Pict. T. maura Pict. Common along the Passaic at Paterson III, 19; IV, 23 (Gr). RHABDIOPTERYX Klap. R. fasciata Burm. (Taeniopteryx) Caldwell (Cr) ; Staten Island IV (Ds) ; "New Jersey" 2 specimens in collection without definite locality. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 41 NEMOURA Pict. N. albidipennis Wlk. Canada to Virginia. N. similis Hag. (Taeniopteryx) Caldwell (Cr). LEUCTRA Pict. L. ferruginea Wlk. Lahaway VI, 7 (Coll). L. tenuis Pict. Taken at Philadelphia. CAPNIA Pict. C. necydaloides Pict. Staten Island III (Ds) ; in March on tree trunks or under bark (Bno). C. pygmaea Burm. New York and Pennsylvania and surely to be found in New Jersey. Order MALLOPHAGA. This order contains the "biting lice," infesting warm-blooded animals generally, but so commonly found on birds that the term "bird-lice" has come to be generally used for them. They do not suck blood, the mouth parts being formed for biting only, but live among the hair and feathers of their hosts, subsisting upon what they can scrape from the surface. While they do not actually puncture the skin or feed on living tissue, they gnaw the soft material at the base of hair and feathers, eat the particles of dry scurf, the clotted blood at the edge of a scratch or other wound, and create a more or less constant irritation, which is likely to result in a loss of hair or plumage and a consequent mangy appearance. I have seen ill kept dairy cattle with patches bare of hair from this cause. In shape these parasites are flattened, elongate oval, with a large obtuse head, and often bulging eye prominences. The eggs are attached to hair or feathers, and the young resemble the adults in general appearance,, there being no obvious transformations. Practically all birds, wild as well as domesticated, are infested, and in this list Prof. Herbert Osborn,. of the Ohio State University, who has been good enough to aid me in its preparation, has indicated all the species whose host is known to occur in New Jersey; for where the host occurs the parasite is almost sure to be found when sought. The list as it stands contains just one hundred species. It is probable that a few of these will never be found, either because the birds them- selves are very occasional visitors, e. g., the Pelicans, or because the distri- bution of the parasite is really a very limited one. On the other hand,, only a small proportion of our wild birds have been closely examined, and it is at least probable that a large percentage of those from which no parasites are yet reported will be found to be infested. So I believe that the list will be increased rather than lessened as th-e result of future work. Remedial measures for domesticated birds are plenty of dust, with which they may thoroughly powder themselves, and the free use of white- wash and crude petroleum in chicken and other fowl-houses. Horses and cattle may be thoroughly brushed occasionaly with a stiff brush dipped from time to time in crude petroleum. Kerosene must not be used, because it is likely to take out the hair. Where its application is convenient on small birds, carbolated vaseline can be employed to good advantage. On other animals carbolated soaps, miscible oils and other materials of that character may be used, and, in general, the amount of success is in pro- - portion to the determination and persistence of the person making the application. Family PHILOPTERID^. The antennse are filiform, five-jointed, exposed; the tarsi have two claws,, and all the species are parasitic on birds. (43) 44 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. DOCOPHORUS Nitzsch. D. lari Denny. Found on several species of gulls occurring along the Jersey shore and bays. D. melanocephalus Burm. Occurs on gulls and terns of various species in North and South America and Europe. D. icterodes Nitzsch. Common on ducks and geese, domesticated and wild. *' D. cygni Denny. The little red swan louse; common throughout Europe and eastern North America. D. fusiformis Denny. Occurs on the Sandpipers; ''Tringa" sp. D. testudinarius Denny. Taken on Bartrams Sandpiper; also known as "Upland," "Field" or "Grass" Plover. D. platystomus Nitzsch. Infests hawks and eagles generally. D. buteonis Pack. Found on the red-shouldered hawk and on one of the king-birds, "Tyrannus atra." D. halieti Osb. Found on the bald eagle. D. cursor Nitzsch. Occurs on owls of various kinds. D. bubonis Osb. Infests the great horned owl. D. ceblebrachys Nitzsch. Parasitic on the snowy owl. D. coccygi Osb. Taken from the yellow-billed cuckoo. D. superciliosus Nitzsch. Infests the hairy woodpecker. D. fusco-ventralis Osb. Occurs on the wood pewee. D. corvi Osb. Makes life miserable for the common crow. D. transpositus Kellogg. Found on the cowbird. D. agelaii Osb. Infests the red-winged blackbird. D. quiscali Osb. A parasite of the crow blackbird. D. compar Piaget. On the American or red cross-bill. D. communis Nitzsch. A general parasite on larks, blackbirds and many other Passerines. NIRMUS Nitzsch. N. lineolatus Nitzsch. Taken on various gulls in Europe and America. N. furvus Nitzsch. Occurs on "Phalaropus," and also recorded from Plovers. N. piceus Nitzsch. On the American Avocet or "Blue-stocking." N. signatus Piaget. A companion of the preceding on the same hosts. N. cordatus Osb. Recorded from the Hudsonian Godwit or ring-tailed Marlin. N. orarius Kellogg. A parasite of the Golden Plover. N. boephilus Kellogg. Infests the "Killdeer." N. abruptus Osb. Infests the common "Bob White." THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 4S N. fuscus Nitzsch. A common parasite of eagles, hawks and falcons. IM. discocephalus Nitzsch. Another parasite of the bald eagle. N. fenestratus Nitzsch. Infests the black-billed cuckoo. . N. candidus Nitzsch. Parasitic on the hairy and red-bellied woodpecker and on the "Flicker" N. tyrannus Osb. Infests kingbirds. N. rotundatus Osb. Parasitic on the common crow. N. secondarius Osb. With the preceding on the same host. J N. ornatissimus Giebel. On the red-winged blackbird. N. illustris Kellogg. With the preceding on the same host. N. picturatus Osborn. A parasite of the meadow lark. N. cyclothorax Nitzsch. Infests- the English sparrow. N. pallidus Osb. From the rose-breasted grossbeak. N. gracilis Nitzsch. A parasite of the Purple Martin. N. brachythorax Giebel. Found on cedar-bird and other wax-wings. N. orpheus Osb. A parasite of the catbird. N. simplex Kellogg. Infests the robin. LIPEURUS Nitzsch. L. longicornis Piaget. Occurs on the double- crested Cormorant. L. forficulatus Nitzsch. Found on Pelicans. Two species of Pelicans are listed as occurring in New Jersey, and specimens of one of the species are in the State Museum; but they are rare visitors, and it is stretching matters a little to record this as a New Jersey insect. L. bifasciatus Piaget. The same remarks apply to this species. L. squaiidus Nitzsch. The common duck- louse; occurs on both wild and domesti- cated forms. L. jejunus Nitzsch. Found on geese; wild and domesticated. L. leucopygas Nitzsch. Occurs on Herons and Bitterns. L. botauri Osb. On the American Bittern or marsh hen. L. luridus Nitzsch. Infests the American Coot or mud hen. L. picturatus Kellogg. Occurs with the preceding. L. infuscatus Osb. Found on woodcock and upland plover. L. dissimilis Piaget. Another parasite of the "Bob White." L. polytrapezius Nitzsch. The turkey louse. L. variabilis Nitzsch. Common on domestic fowls. L. heterographus Nitzsch. Occurs with the preceding. L. baculus Nitzsch. Found on domestic pigeons. Fig. 6. Turkey-louse, Goniodes stylifer. 4 6 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. ORNITHOBIUS Denny. O. goniopleurus Denny. Infests the Canada goose. O. cygni Linn. The white swan louse. ONCOPHORUS Rudow. O. minutus Nitzsch. On the American Coot or mud hen. GONIOCOTES Burm. G. compar Nitzsch. Another pigeon parasite. GONIODES Nitzsch. G. dispar Nitzsch. A parasite of quail. G. sty lifer Nitzsch. Another turkey louse. G. damicornis Nitzsch. Infests the common pigeon. G. falcicornis Nitzsch. Common on pea-fowl. Family TRICHODECTID/E. Like the preceding family, but the antennae are 3-jointed, the tarsi have only one claw, and all the species infest mammals. TRICHODECTES Nitzsch. T. scalaris Nitzsch. Common on domestic cattle. T. parumpilosus Piaget. Biting louse of the horse. Fig. 8. Dog-louse () and sheep-louse (b), Trichodectcs latus and spharocef'lii.iliis. T. climax Nitzsch. Infests the domestic goat. T. sphaerocephalus Nitzsch. Found on do- mestic sheep. T. subrostratus Nitzsch. Infests the house cat. Fig. 7. Cow-louse, Trichodectes scqlaris. T. retusus Nitzsch. Recorded from weasel. T. mephitidis Osb. Occurs on the common skunk. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 47 Family LIOTHEID^E. The antennae are 4-jointed, with an enlarged club at tip, concealed; tarsi with two claws, and all the species infesting birds. PHYSOSTOMUM Nitzsch. P. lineatum Osb. Infests the ruby-throated humming bird. P. angulatum Kellogg. On the king bird or "bee Martin." P. frenatum Nitzsch. Taken in New Jersey from the golden-crowned Kinglet. TRINOTON Nitzsch. T. luridum Nitzsch. Another of the duck parasites. T. lituratum Nitzsch. Found on wild ducks and geese. NITZSCHIA Denny. N. pulicaris Nitzsch. Louse of the chimney swallow. COLPOCEPHALUM Nitzsch. C. lari Pack. Found on the great black-backed gull. C. fuscipes Piaget. Also a parasite of gulls. C. ochraceum Nitzsch. Found on the pectoral sandpiper. C. flavescens Nitzsch. Louse of the swallow-tailed kite. C. subpachygaster Piaget. Infests the great horned owl. C. pustulosum Piaget. Parasite on the belted king-fisher. MENOPON Nitzsch. M. tridens Nitzsch. Yet another parasite of the mud hen; probably in- festing also other allied birds. M. consanguineum Piaget. A third species found on pelicans, and prob- ably not a good Jerseyite. M. crocatum Nitzsch. Taken on American woodcock and ring-tailed Mar- lin. M. pallescens Nitzsch. Yet another parasite of the Bob White. M. pallidum Nitzsch. Also found on the domestic fowl. M. biseriatim Piaget. Occurs with the preceding. M. interruptus Osb. Parasitic on the common crow. M. expansum Osb. Infests the bobolink. M. crassipes Piaget. Found on the Baltimore Oriole. M. dissimile Kellogg. Found on the purple Martin. M. rusticum Giebel. A companion of the preceding on the same host. 48 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Family GYROPID^E. Similar to the preceding; but the tarsi have only a single claw and the species occur on mammals only. GYROPUS Nitzsch. G. oval is Nitzsch. Occurs on the Guinea pig. G. gracilis Nitzsch. Occurs with the preceding. Of course, these species are not really natives of the State, but the host animals are some- times raised as pets and for other purposes and the parasites follow them, as do those of other domesticated animals. Order ISOPTERA. This order is characterized by having a flattened, loose-jointed body, the wings similar in size and shape, net veined, the metamorphoses in- complete. Only a single representative species occurs in New Jersey, the Termite, commonly known as a "white ant." These "white ants" live in colonies in dead or decaying stumps, logs or standing trunks or under stones in woodland. The forms most commonly seen are the "workers," which are whitish in color, have a large head without eyes, moderately de- veloped jaws, a soft, some- what flattened oval body, and are about one-quarter of an inch long. Scattered among them are somewhat larger individuals with long, sharp- pointed, brown-tipped mandi- bles, and these are the sol- diers whose function it is to defend the colony. In the spring, yet larger, chestnut- brown forms with eyes and developed wings are found, and these are the males and females which "swarm" in May or Junte, coming out of the nests in immense numbers and fluttering feebly in the bright sunshine for a short period. They do not attack growing vegetation in our State, but are often found in partly decayed trees and may hasten the death of such. Some- times 'they get into the woodwork of fences and buildings, and may then do considerably injury. Remedial measures must be adapted to the case in hand and may mean the injection of carbon disulphide, soaking with creosote or the actual removal of the infested wood. In all cases an effort should be made to locate and destroy the central nest from which the specimens come. Our species is listed as follows: Family TERMITID.C TERMES Linn. T. flavipes Koll. Found commonly throughout the State. Fig. 9. Termes flavipcs or "white ant," showing the castes: a, larva; b, winged female; c, worker; d, soldier; e, large female; f, pupa. Natural size marked by lines. 4 ix (49) Order CORRODENTIA. This order is composed of a rather small number of soft-bodied insects with a large head which, while it is not sunken into the prothorax, has no distinct neck. The mouth parts are small, fitted for gnawing, which gave rise to the ordinal term, meaning "gnawers." The antennae are long and slender, and the wings when present are large and frail. Many are wingless and some of these, occurring in houses, are known as book-lice, because they gnaw the calendered surface of the paper. They are found, usually, in dry, dusty places, feeding on starchy materials, and some- times they attack museum specimens. They resemble lice in shape and appearance, but run rapidly and have the posterior thighs much enlarged. Cleanliness and naphthaline or carbolic acid are usually efficient agents in getting rid of these species. The winged forms occur on the bark of trees overgrown with moss or lichens, which serve as food for the insects. The venation of the wings is very peculiar and tortuous, and as fliers the species are not remark- ble, most of them preferring to drop to the ground when disturbed rather than use their wings. They are not harmful in any way, though when they occur in numbers sufficient to attract attention they are usually looked upon with suspicion. No systematic collections in this order have been made in New Jersey, although it is known that we- have a large number of species. The present list, therefore, is a compilation from the catalogue of Neuropteroid in- sects by Mr. Nathan Banks, and it includes those species of such general distribution as to make it reasonably probable that they are members of our fauna. It is certain that, when our species are once carefully studied, they will be found to be materially more numerous than here recorded. Fig. 10. Psocus lincatus. This represents the forms usually found on tree trunks. Family PSOCID^E. Sub-family ATROPIN\. TROCTES Burm. T. divinatorius Mull. (Atropos) This or an allied species is common in houses among books and papers or in dusty corners throughout (50 52 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. the State. Sometimes it occurs in bureau drawers among linen, where its appearance excites apprehensions of parasites. They can be easily distinguished from the slow, crawling parasites by their rapid gait and long feelers. Naphthaline or camphor will keep them out, or drive them off where they have become established. T. purpurea Aaron. Taken near Philadelphia. ATROPOS Leach (CLOTHILLA West). A. pulsatoria Linn. Occurs through- out the State. This is one of those forms known as the "death watch" from the belief that it produces the ticking sound often heard in old houses during the quiet of the night, and it was supposed to portend the death of one of the inmates. It has the same gen- eral habits as "T. divinatorius." MYOPSOCNEMA End. M. annulata Hagen. Recorded from the Eastern States. HYPERETES Kolbe. H. tessulatus Hagen. Recorded from Maine to Kentucky. Fig. ii. A book-louse, Atropos sp. . This represents the form commonly found in houses. DORYOPTERYX Aaron. D. palhida Aaron. Philadelphia, New York and District of Columbia. LEPINOTUS Heyd. L. inquilinus Heyd. Throughout the United States. Sub-family OCELLATARIA Weber. O. gravinympha Weber. Described from Pennsylvania. AMPHIENTOMUM Hagen. A. hageni Pack. Philadelphia; eastern United States, generally. PTERODELLA Kolbe. P. pedicularis Linn. (Caecilius) United States, generally. P. rufus Walsh. Eastern United States. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 53 CXECILIUS Curt. C. aurantiacus Hagen. United States, generally. C. definitus Aaron. Philadelphia. C. impactus Aaron. Philadelphia. PERIPSOCUS Hagen. P. madidus Hagen. Eastern States. P. permadidus Walsh. Eastern States. MESOPSOCUS Kolbe. M. unipunctatus Mull. (Elipsocus) Northern States; New York. ELIPSOCUS Hagen. E. canadensis Prov. Eastern States. E. center-minus Walsh. Eastern States. E. maculosus Aaron. Philadelphia. E. pumilis Hagen. New York. POLYPSOCUS Hagen. P. corruptus Hagen. Eastern States. MYOPSOCUS Hagen. M. lugens Hagen. Eastern States; Mass, to Dist. Col. M. sparsus Hagen. (Psocus) Eastern States. PSOCUS Latr. P. atratus Aaron. Philadelphia. P. confraternus Banks, (contaminatus Hagen.) Eastern States. P. inornatus Aaron. Philadelphia. P. juvenilis Kolbe. Pennsylvania. This species with "moestus" and "variegatus" appeared as Amphigerontia in the previous edition. P. leydyi Aaron. Eastern States. P. moestus Hagen. Eastern States. P. quietus Hagen. New York to Georgia. P. semistriatus Walsh. Eastern States. P. sexpunctatus Linn. Philadelphia. P. slossonae Banks. Eastern States. P. striatus Wlk. Eastern States. P. variabilis Aaron. Philadelphia. CERASTIPSOCUS Kolbe. C. trifasciatus Prov. (Psocus) Eastern States. C. venosus Burin. (Psocus) Freehold (U S Ag), Egg Harbor City VIII, on cherry trunks. This or an allied species is frequently received as abundant on the bark of trees. It probably occurs throughout the State under suitable conditions. Order PLATYPTERA. This is an aggregation of loosely-jointed species, very few of which occur in our State. It is not numerous at best and, as represented with us, consists of rather large forms, the head as broad or broader than the square or oblong thorax, the mandibles large and sometimes prominent, antennas many-jointed and often pectinated in the male. The wings are large, net-veined, the posterior not much the larger and folded only once near the anal angle when at rest beneath the anterior pair which covers them. The early stages are passed in the water, under stones or among the vegetation at the bottom of running streams. The larvae are rather long and flattened, usually blackish, and breathe by means of a series of gill-tufts. When full grown they crawl on shore, burrow into the soil, or an old stump, or under a stone and pupate; the transformatio'ns are com- plete. Fig. 12. Corydalis cornuta: a, larva, "hellgramite" or "dobson"; b, pupa; c, male adult; d, head of female, showing the comparatively small jaws; natural size. (55^ 56 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. The species belonging here are of no economic importance. The adults "are known as "fish-flies," and the larvae of some of them make good bait for certain kinds of fish; otherwise they may be simply classed as "innoxious." Famil CORYDALIS Latr. C. cornuta Linn. Throughout the State, but more common northwardly, late June to August. The larvae are found under stones in running streams or brooks, and are known as "Dobsons" or "Hellgramites." CHAULIODES Latr. C. angusticoMis Hagen. Middlesex County VII, 10 (Coll). C. fasciatus Wlk. (lunatus Hagen.) Newfoundland VI, 6, So. Orange (Ds) ; Newark. C. pectin icorn is Linn. Chester, Paterson, Springfield, Orange Mts., Pali- sades V, 30, New Brunswick, Trenton VI, 10, 28, Anglesea, VII, 12 (Coll); Summit (U S Ag) ; Short Hills (Bt) ; Caldwell (Cr) ; Staten Island VII (Ds) ; seems to be the most common of our fish-flies. C. rastricornis Ramb. Staten Island VI, 6 (Ds); Anglesea VI, 25 (Coll). C. serricornis Say. Paterson VI, 6, New Brunswick, Mercer Co. VI, 10, Lakewood (Coll); Tuckerton VI, 14, common (Gr) ; Caldwell (Cr). Fig. 13. Early stages of Corydalis cornuta: a, egg-mass on leaf; b, same, detached, from the under side natural size; c, single eggs, enlarged; d, newly hatched larva, enlarged; with structural details yet further enlarged c to j. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 57 C. concolor Needh. Staten Island VII, 31, VIII, 4 CDs). SIALIS Latr. S. infumata Newn. Lafayette V, 22, Greenwood Lake V, 30, Paterson VI, G, New Brunswick VI, 1, Jamesburg VI, 16, Lahaway VI, 1, Atlantic County (Coll). S. americana Ramb. Recorded from New York to Georgia Order NEUROPTERA. In its original or Linnsean scope this order included all the net or nerve -winged insects, hence was easy of definition. It is the most ancient of all the orders in this sense and the course of evolutionary divergence left its mark in the form of remnants, retaining the original wing type, but differing greatly in other respects. Recognizing its composite char- acter, the first attempt to divide it was upon the method of transforma- tion, and we had Pseudoneuroptera in which the metamorphoses were incomplete, and Neuroptera in which they were complete. This was un- satisfactory, because nothing in the adult indicated the character of its transformation and also because there were a number of transitional forms which were not easily classified. Hence the modern tendency to give each compact group ordinal rank, and that I consider the correct solution. There is as yet no entire agreement as to just where the lines of division should be made, and, while I have in general followed the classification in Mr. Nathan Banks' Catalogue of 1907, I have adopted the ordinal divisions that were indicated by my own studies along the lines of the introduction to this work. The ordinal terms are in general those used by Prof. Comstock. As the order Neuroptera is limited here it contains insects that have a moderately compact thorax, the prothorax being well developed yet im- movably connected with the mesothorax whatever its size, and no dis- tinct neck between it and the head. There are four large net-veined wings which are not folded and are carried obliquely or roof-like when at rest. They are not densely hairy in any case, there is little or no dif- ference in texture between the two pairs and usually not much in size. All of them are terrestrial in all stages and all are predatory in character as larva, although in one case at least with a tendency to parasitism, and in all there is a complete metamorphosis. Several families occur in New Jersey, differing considerably in habits and appearance and most of them of small extent. The Mantispidas have only two representatives remarkable looking forms with long prothorax and immense clasping fore-legs, much resemb- ling the "Ma.ntidge" of the Orthoptera. The larvae prey upon the eggs of spiders and are semi-parasitic, living in the egg-sac and becoming grub-like in form. The Henierobiidas resemble the Chrysopidas except that they are brown instead of green in color, and the larvge, for their own protection, make sacs composed of the skins of their victims and dirt particles held to- gether by threads of silk. The Chrysopidae, termed "lace-wing" or "golden-eyed flies" as adults, and "aphis lions" as larvae, are well represented with us and distinctly useful. The term "aphis lion" refers to the habits of the larvae which are spindle-shaped, a little flattened, with prominent, long mandibles which are grooved on the inner side. This larva grasps a plant-louse, punctures it and draws in its juices, the body being thrown away when exhausted. < 59) 6o REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. The adults are green in color, the wings very transparent and delicate, justifying the term "lace-wing." The eyes are hemispherical, prominent and gold-bronzed, which gives base to the other of the common names. They have a peculiar sickening ordor when handled, reminding one of an ill-kept urinal. The eggs of this, as well as the preceding family, are laid on long stalks by the adult and the larva spins a spherical silken cocoon. The species are decidedly beneficial and sufficiently numerous to be accounted a notable check to plant-lice increase. The Coniopterygidse are scarcely more abundant than the Mantispidae. All those that I have seen are small, covered with a white mealy powder and have the hind wings unusually small. The larvae, so far as their habits are known, feed on scale insects and resemble in form those of the "Chrysopidae." So far as they go, therefore, the insects are bene- ficial. The MyrmeleonidEe are "ant-lions" in the larval stage and very much larger as adults than any of the preceding. The larvae are not so different in form and structure from those of the "Chrysopidae," but they differ altogether in habit by living underground or build- ing pits in sand or dry earth to serve as traps for the capture of such unwary insects as may tumble into them. They can scarcely be considered beneficial though, on the other hand they are certainly not injurious. The larvae pupate in silken Fig. 14. Ant-lion c coons covered or mixed with sand grains. In the adults the antennas are short, terminated by a gradual club at tip. The Ascalaphidae are much larger insects, more hairy, with broad head and very long antennae terminated in an abrupt club. The larvaa are like those of the preceding families, but build no pits and the species are always rare. Family MANTISPID/E. MANTISPA III. M. brunnea Say. Jamesburg VII, 4 (Coll); Lakehurst V-IX (div) ; Da Costa (Dke); probably rare throughout South Jersey. M. interrupta Say. Lakehurst VII, 4-30 (div); Lahaway in June (Coll) ; Philadelphia. Family HEMEROBIIDvE. LOMAMYIA Banks. L. flavicornis Wlk. (Berotha) Prospertown IX, 22 (Coll); Lakehurst (Bno). Fig. 15. Mantispa species from above and in out- line from side. POLYSTCEC NOTES Burm. P. punctatus Fabr. Philadelphia: United States generally. P. vittatus Say. Recorded from New Jersey by Hagen. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 61 HEMEROBIUS Linn. H. humuli Linn, (castanea Fitch. tutatrix Fitch.) New Brunswick, Princeton VI, 11, Anglesea IX, 4 (Coll) ; Staten Island VI (Ds). Fitch says it is everywhere common on chestnut, walnut and other trees. H. hyalinatus Fitch. New York on pine. May to July. H. conjunctus Fitch, (pinidumus Fitch.) Clementon VIII (Jn). H. stigmaterus Fitch. Staten Island (Ds) ; Riverton III (Jn). BORIOMYIA Banks. B. fidelis Banks. (Hemerobius) Riverton VII (Jn) ; Lakehurst (Bno). B. longifrons Wlk. = alternatus Fitch. (Hemerobius) New York, on pine and hemlock in June (Fitch). SYMPHEROBIUS Banks. S. amiculus Fitch. (Hemerobius) New York, on peach trees, V-X (Fitch). PSECTRA Hagen. P. diptera Burm. Jamesburg V, 31 (Coll). MICROMUS Ramb. M. posticus Wlk. (insipidus Hagen.) Chester VIII, 11 (Coll); Westville VII, Riverton VII (Jn). Family CHRYSOPID^E ALLOCHRYSA Banks. A. virginica Fitch. (Noto- chrysa) Staten Island VIII (Ds). Fig. 16. Lace-wing fly, Chrysopa sp., showing the CHRYSOPA Leach. stalked eggs from the side, the larva, the small round cocoon intact and with the lid C. albicornis Fitch. Riverton opened, and the adult with wings VIII, Burlington County of one side absent. VIII C. chlorophana Burm. (latipennis Schneid.) Greenwood Lake V, 30, New Brunswick VI, 15 (Coll); Caldwell (Cr). C. harrisii Fitch. Staten Island X, 18, Lakehurst IX (Ds). C. interrupta Schneid. (tabida Fitch.) The common species at New Brunswick whose larva feeds on the slugs of elm-leaf beetles and other soft-bodied insects on tree trunks, fences, etc. C. lineaticornis Fitch. New York and generally distributed. C. nigrico H. annulicornis Banks. "New Jersey" (Banks). H. borealis Hagen. New Brunswick IX, 18 (Coll). Fig. 24. Larva LEPI DOSTOM A Ramb. of caddice-fly and Hagen. Del. Water Gap (Slosson). its case; enlarged. Family CALAMOCERATIDJE. HETEROPLECTRON McLach. H. borealis Prov. Del. Water Gap (Slosson); Passaic VI, 8 (Coll). GANONEMA McLach. <3. americana Wlk. (Sericostoma) New Brunswick, Cumberland Co. VI (Coll). 70 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Family LEPTOCERID^. BER/EA Steph. B. nigritta Banks. Clemen ton VIII (Jn). MOLANNA Curtis. M. cinerea Hagen. "Eastern States;" sure to occur in New Jersey. LEPTOCERUS Leach. L. mentiens Wlk. New Brunswick VI, 23, VIII, common (Coll). L. resurgens Wlk. (Setodes) New Brunswick VI, 23 (Coll). L. transversa Hagen. Will probably be found in South Jersey. ' TRI/ENODES McLach. T. flavescens Banks. Del. Water Gap (Slosson); New Brunswick IX, 18 (Coll); this is the species listed as "venusta" in the last edition. T. ignita Wlk. New Brunswick IX, 18 (Coll); Riverton VII (Jn). LEPTOCELLA Banks. L. albida Wlk. (Setodes) Sure to be found in New Jersey. L. exquisita Wlk. New Brunswick IX, 18 (Coll). L. uwarowii Kolen. Riverton VII (Jn). CECETINA Banks. CE. avara Banks. New Brunswick VI, 23, IX, 19, common (Coll). CE. flaveolata Hagen. (Setodes) New Brunswick. CE. fumosa Banks. Staten Island VI (Ds). CE. guttata Banks. New Brunswick IX, 18 (Coll). CE. incerta Wlk. New Brunswick VI, 1-22, IX, 18 (Coll); Westville VI, Riverton VII (Jn). CE. parvula Banks. New Brunswick IX, 18. MYSTACIDES Latr. M. nigra Linn. New Brunswick, and probably throughout the State. M. sepulchralis Wlk. Del. Water Gap VII, 12, New Brunswick VI, 22 (Coll). Family HYDROPSYCHIDyE. MACRONEMA Pict. M. zebrata Hagen. New Brunswick VI, 23, very common (Gr). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 71 HYDROPSYCHE Pict. H. alternans Wlk. Chester VIII, 19 (Coll); Caldwell, common (Cr). H. anal is Banks. New Brunswick VI, Lahaway VII, 21 (Coll). H. phalerata Hagen. New Brunswick V, 3, VI, 23, VII (Coll). H. scalaris Hagen. New Brunswick (Coll). H. sordida Hagen. Eastern States generally. PLECTRONEMIA Steph. P. confusus Hagen. (Polycentropus) Staten Island VI (Ds) ; Jamesburg V, Lahaway V (Coll). PHYLOCENTROPUS Banks. P. lucidus Hagen. (Polycentropus) Chester VIII, 17 (Coll). PHILOPOTAMUS Leach. P. distinctus Wlk. Caldwell, rare (Cr). PSYCHOMIA Latr. P. flavida Hagen. Canada to Virginia, and sure to occur in New Jersey. Order ODONATA. The Odonata or "dragon flies" are predatory in all stages, and none of them are, therefore, injurious to the agriculturist. Some of them are more or less beneficial in the adult stage as destroyers of injurious or annoying species, and their practice of taking mosquitoes has given them the name "mosquito-hawks." Their habits of flying by day only, and preferably in sunny places, limits their usefulness against the nocturnal pests very decidedly, and makes them practically useless in any attempt to control mosquito breeding. Their appearance and habits have always aroused interest, and often dread, as the common names "snake doctor" and "devil's darning needle" testify, and many a tale of their dangerous power is current. As a matter of fact, the insects are entirely harmless, and can neither sting nor bite, the mouth being so peculiarly constructed that the insect can chew only what can be gotten into the buccal cavity itself. The eggs are laid pn or under the surface of the water, and the larvae are as voracious and formidable in appearance as the adults. The lower lip is hinged, capable of being extended well beyond the head, and almost any soft-bodied water insect coming within reach is liable to be captured and eaten. Mosquito wrigglers furnish a large percentage of the food of some species, and in permanent pools such larvae cannot maintain them- selves in any number. The list of species in the last edition was prepared by Dr. Philip P. Calvert, of the University of Pennsylvania, who has also supplied addi- tional notes to the present edition. His absence from the country during the time the list was prepared for the printer, and while it was passing through the press has prevented his looking it over in final form, and he is not to be charged with errors appearing it it, but is to be credited with the determination of the material and the general arrangement as it now stands, as well as all records not otherwise acknowledged. The list of species and varieties has been increased from 90 to 112, and there probably is no other order more thoroughly and completely known in New Jersey. The labors of Messrs. Daecke and Davis, in addition to those of Dr. Calvert, have done much to bring the list to its present state of completeness. Family AGRIONID/E. Sub- family CALOPTERYGIN^E. CALOPTERYX Leach. C. maculata Beauv. Throughout the State except in the Appalachian V, 28-VIII, 9, locally not rare. (73) 74 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. C. apical is Burm. lona V, 8, Bamber VII, 30, Malaga VI, 27, Browns Mills VI, 24 (Dke); Weymouth VII, 30-VIII, 15 (div) ; Toms River (Bt) ; Raccoon Creek VIII, 3, Patcong Creek VIII, 25 (C) ; not rare. HETVERINA Hagen. H. americana Fab. Paterson IX, 1 (Gr) ; Berkshire, Morris Co. IX, 12, Patcong Creek VIII, 25 (C) ; Barnber IX, 9 (Dke); South Jersey cranberry bogs (Sm); locally common. Sub-family AGRIONIN^. LESTES Leach. L. congener Hag. Staten Island IX, X, XI (Ds). Fig. 25. An adult Agrionid L. unguiculatus Hag. Bergen Hill (Hag); Staten Island VII, in a resting 15j ovipositing (Ds) ; DaCosta VII, 20, Hamrnonton IX, 6 (Dke); Minnisink IX, XI, 2, Lucaston VII, 16 (C); Peer- mont VI, 16 (Vk) ; Anglesea VI, 19-VIII, 21 (Sm). L. forcipata Ramb. Piedmont Plain and southward throughout the Dela- ware Valley and pine barrens, but not in coast strip or maritime IV, 30-IX, 8. L. rectangularis Say. Throughout the State, except Appalachian VI, 3-IX, 10; many records from all regions. L. vigilax Selys. Highlands, southward through pine barrens, but no records from the coast strip or maritime VII, 10-IX, 14. L. inaequalis Walsh. Morris Co. VII, 10 (Jn) ; Staten Island VI, VII (Ds) ; Riverton VII, 19 (Satterthwaite) ; Kirkwood VI, 16 (C). L. eurinus Say. Staten Island (Ds). ARGIA Ramb. A. putrida Hag. Del. Water Gap VII, 7, Dunnfield Creek VII, 14, Chatham VIII, 8 (C) ; Norman- nock VII, 23, Little Falls VII, 8 (Ds); Newark, Gloucester Co. VII (Sm). A. violacea Hag. Throughout the State, except that there are no records from the Appalachian nor the maritime VI, 8-IX, 6. A. translata Selys. Hanks Pond, near Newfoundland IX (Ds) ; Hopat- cong VII (Rhoades). A. tibialis Hag. Atco IX, 4 (H); New Jersey VII, 4 (A N S) ; Browns Mills VII, 29, Bamber VIII, 11 (Dke). Fig. 26. An Agrionid nymph, Lestes rec- tangularis; somewhat enlarged. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 75 A. apicalis Say. Staten Island (Ds) ; Haddonfield VIII (R); Almonesson VII, 17, Grenloch VII, 29 "in copula," Mullica Hill VIII, 3 (C) ; Laurel Springs VII, 21 (Dke). A. bipunctulata Hagen. Newfoundland VI, 4 (Ds) ; Haddonfield VIII (R) ; Atco VII, 12 (N) ; Berlin VII, 17, Albion VI, 1, Lucaston VI, VIII, 10, Manumuskin V, 21 (C) ; Browns Mills VII, 21, Toms River VII, 12 (Dke). CHROMAGRION Needh. C. conditum Hag. Lakewood V, lona V, 26, Browns Mills V, 21 (Dke); Hewitt VI (Ds). NEHALENNIA Selys. N. Irene Hag. Great Piece Meadow VIII, 3 (Coll); Ft. Lee VI, 23, Browns Mills VII, 5, DaCosta VII, 19 (Dke.) ; Staten Island VI, Lakewood VI (Ds); Berlin VII, 17 (C). N. posita Hag. Throughout the State V, 2-VIII, 30, locally common. N. gracilis Morse. lona VII, 13, Hammonton VII, 17 (Dke). N. integricollis Calv. Malaga VI, 27, one $ (Dke). AMPHAGRION Selys. A. saucium Burm. Dunker Pond VII, Staten Island VI (Ds) ; Plainfield V, 18, Jamesburg VII, 4, Lahaway (Coll) ; Riverton V, 30 (CG) ; West- ville VI, 16, Clementon V, VI (Jn); Woodstown V, 28 (C) ; Lucaston VI, 13, lona V, 24 (Dke). ENALLAGMA Charp. E. durum Hag. Westville VIII, 28 (W) ; Alloway VIII, 28, Bargaintown VIII, 24, Petersburg VIII, 25 (C); Ocean Co. VIII, (R) ; Toms River VII, 12 (Dke); Lavallette V, 21 (Vk). E. doubledayi Hag. New Jersey, near Egg Harbor River (Uhler) ; Ocean Co., Manahawkin or Tuckerton VIII (R). E. civile Hag. Piedmont Plain and southward; most abundant through the pine barrens and in the coast strip; VI, 11-IX, 22; recorded also from Newfoundland VII (Ds), and probably rare in the Highlands. E. carunculaturn Morse. Lake Hopatcong VII, IX, 8 (div); Newfoundland VII (Ds). E. aspersum Hag. Bergen Hill (Hag); Staten Island VI-VIII (Ds) ; Haddonfield VIII (R) ; DaCosta VIII, 19; Lucaston VI, 14-IX, 7, Ham- monton VIII, 23, Manumuskin IX, 15 (Dke); Seaville VII, 12, Cape May V, 30 (Sk). E. traviatum Selys. Clementon VI, 4, Almonessen VII, 17 (C) ; Lucaston VII, 2 (Dke). E. geminatum Kellicott. Lake Hopatcong IX, 14, Kirkwood V, 25, mostly <$, VI 16, "in copula," Almonesson VII, 17, Clementon VII. 22, Mullica Hill VIII, 3, West Creek Pond VIII, 26, Manumuskin VI, 21 (C); Jamesburg VII, 4 (Lt) ; DaCosta V, 17, Lucaston VI, 27, VII, 2 (Dke). 76 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. E. divagans Selys. Merchantville V, 26, lona VI, 8 (Dke) ; Kirkwood VI, 16 (C). E. exsulsans Hag. Del. Water Gap VII, 12 (Jn) ; Jamesburg (Sm); Three States Point VII, 21, Patcong Creek VIII, 25, Mullica Hill VIII, 3, "in cop" in narrow parts of Raccoon Creek, but not at Mill Pond (C) ; Merchantville V, 26, Manumuskin VI, 21 (Dke). E. signatum Hag. Highlands, Piedmont Plain, Delaware Valley and ex- tending a little into the pine barrens along its western border, VI, 6-IX, 6. E. pollutum Hag. Lake Hopatcong IX, 14, Clementon VI, 4, VII, 22, IX, 22 (C). E. pictum Morse. Pine barrens VI, 6-VIII, 29, extending a little into the Delaware Valley where the two join; "in cop" VII, 22, VIII, 26. TELAGRION Selys. T. daeckii Calv. Malaga VI, 27, I J, Manumuskin VI, 23 (Dke). ISCHNURA Charp. I. verticalis Say. Recorded, not rarely, from all regions except the Ap- palachian IV, 21-VIII, 29. 1. kellicotti Williamson. Clementon IX, 22, Hammonton Lake VIII, 23, Alloway VIII, 28, Bridgeton VIII, 27, Patcong Creek VIII, 25, West Creek Pond, Eldora VIII, 26, Millville VIII, 28, Bargaintown VIII, 25 (C); Tuckerton VIII (R). I. ramburii Selys. Staten Island IX, X (Ds) ; pine barrens and coast strip, extending a little into the Delaware Valley VII, 2-VIII, 29. ANOMALAGR1ON Selys. A. hastatum Say. Highlands southward throughout the State; most abundantly recorded from the pine barrens near the shore, V-IX, 15. Family AESCHNID'.E. Sub-family GOMPHIN^E. HAGENIUS Selys. H. brevistylus Selys. Newfoundland VII (Ds) ; Franklin Furnace Wild- wood Lake (C); Browns Mills Jnc. VI, 24, Grt. Egg Harbor River, Weymouth VIII, 16, Bamber VI, 24, VIII, 11 (Dke). OPHIOGOMPHUS Selys. O. johannus Needh. Hewitt VI (Ds). O. rupinsulensis Walsh. Dover (Jn) ; Ramapo Mts., near Halifax VI, 12 (Ds). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 77 GOMPHUS Leach. G. parvulus Selys. Ramapo V, 31 (Ds) ; Hewitt V, 31 (Watson). G. villosipes Selys. Great Piece Meadow V, 23 (Coll). G. exilis Selys. Highlands, pine barrens and coast strip; many records V-VII; none from Piedmont Plain or Delaware Valley; Staten Island V-VII (Ds). G. plagiatus Selys. Trenton VIII, 8 (Coll) ; Edgewater Park VII, 29, Manumuskin IX, 3 (Dke). G. albistylus Hag. Lucaston VI, 3 (Dke). G. brevis Hag. Browns Mills V, 21 (Dke). G. sordidus Hag. Newfoundland VII, 9 (Ds) ; between Clementon and Blackwood VI, 4 (C). G. furcifer Hag. Hewitt VI, 19 (Ds). G. spicatus Selys. Newfoundland V, 19, VII (Ds). PROGOMPHUS Selys. P. obscurus Ramb. Lakehurst VII, 21 (Ds) ; Browns Mills VI, 25, VII, 21, Bamber VII, 13 (Dke). DROMOGOMPHUS Selys. D. spinosus Selys. Dunnfield Creek VII, 14 (C) ; Lake Hopatcong VII- IX, 14 (div); Sparta VII, Newfoundland VI (Ds). Sub-family CORDULEGASTERIN^. CORDULEGASTER Leach. C. maculatus Selys. Staten Island V, 30, VI, 17 (Ds) ; Lacey V, 27 (Dke), C. diastatops Selys. Lake Hopatcong VI, Hewitt VI, Lakehurst V (Ds). C. obliquus Say. Lake Hopatcong VI, 17 (Watson). Sub-family ^EscHNiN^E. EPI/ESCHNA Selys. E. heros Fab. Throughout the State III-X, sometimes very abundant along shore; not actually recorded from the Appalachian and spar- ingly from the Highlands; but from all portions of the pine barrens. BOYERIA McLach. B. vinosa Say. Sparta VII, Newfoundland VII, IX, Staten Island VII r Lakehurst VII (Ds) ; Caldwell (Cr); Bound Brook, in R. R. car (C) ; Mt. Holly VII (A N S); Clementon (Gr) ; Lacy VII, 14 (Dke). 78 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. BASI/ESCHNA Selys. B. janata Say. Newfoundland V, Great Notch V, Paterson V, Staten Is- land V, 2, Lakehurst V (Ds) ; Medford (Banks) ; common in pine barrens IV, 24-V, 13 (Dke). GOMPH/ESCHNA Selys. G. furcillata Say. Hewitt VII, Lakehurst V, VI (Ds) ; Sussex Co. (B. Long); Browns Mills V, lona IV, DaCosta V (Dke). var. antilope Hag. Newfoundland VI, 22 (Ds) ; New Brunswick V, 22 (Coll); Clementon VI, 6 (Dke); Sea Isle, 1 $ in wash-up VI, 25 (C). /ESCHNA Fab. >E. juncea L., var. verticalis Hag. Staten Island VI, IX, X (Ds) ; Ft. Lee (Dke). /E. clepsydra Say. Dunnfield Cr VII, 14 (C); Newfoundland IX (Ds). /E. umbrosa Wlk. (constricta Say.) Dunnfield Cr VII, 14 (C) ; Nor- manock VII, Staten Island VI, IX, X (Ds) ; Haddonfield IX (R) ; De- lair X, 19, Lucaston X, 10 (Dke); Anglesea IX, 6 (Sm). >E. grandis L. Bergen Hill, 1 <$ (Hag), and probably an introduced ex- ample. The species is European. ANAX Leach. A. junius Dru. Throughout the State IV, 23-X 3, locally common. A. longipes Hag. Staten Island VI, 5, VIII, 9, Orange (Ds) ; Lucaston VI, 27, VII, 22, Bamber (Dke). Family Sub-family CORDUUN^. DIDYMOPS Ramb. D. transversa Say. Highlands, Piedmont Plain V-VII, many localities; Riverton IV, 23 (Jn) ; Mt. Holly V, 13 (AN S) ; Woodbury IV, 29 (Kp); Hainesport V, 7 (Dke). MACROMIA Ramb. M. illinoisensis Walsh. Del. Water Gap VII, 9 (Jn) ; Newfoundland VII, Echo Lake VII, 2 (Ds) ; Bamber VII, 13, Browns Mills VII, 4 (Dke). EPICORDULIA Selys. .E. princeps Hag. Hopatcong IX, 14 (C); Newfoundland VI, VII, Singac VI (Ds); New Brunswick VII, 10 (Coll); Almonesson VII, 17 (C). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 79 TETRAGONEURIA Hag. T. semiaquea Burm. Lakehurst V, VI (Ds) ; Kirkwood VI, 16 (C) ; Clem- enton V (div); Lucaston V, 30, Manumuskin V, 10-23 (Dke) ; Angle- sea V, 11 (Lt) T. spinosa Hag. Great Notch V, 5 (Lv) ; Clementon V, 27, VI, 3, Laurel Springs IV, 21, loua IV, 20 (Dke). T. cynosura Say. Newfoundland VI, VII, Staten Island V-VII, Lakehurst VI (Ds) ; Clementon V-VII (div) ; Blackwood VI, 4, Kirkwood VI, 16 (C). HELOCORDUL1A Need. H. uhleri Selys. Florence IV, 23 (C) ; Lakehurst V (Ds) ; Browns Mills V, 21, lona IV, 20, Manumuskin IV, 5 (Dke). NEUROCORDULIA Selys. N. obsoleta Say. Del. Water Gap VII, 10 (Jn) ; Lake Hopatcong VI, 17, VII, 4, IX, 14 (div). DOROCORDULIA Need. D. lepida Hag. Lakehurst V, VI (Ds) ; Jamesburg VII, 4, lona V, 26, VI, 8, Browns Mills VI, 24 (Dke). D. libera Selys. Paterson V, 24 (Coll); Normanock VII, 23 (Ds). SOMATOCHLORA Selys. S. filosa Hag. Petersburg VIII, 30 (C); lona VIII, 25, Manumuskin IX, 3, Anglesea IX, 8 (Dke); Cape May Co. IX, 20 (Sm). S. provocans Calv. DaCosta VII, 16, Formosa bog VII, 22, Bamber VII, 13, Weymouth VII, 30 (Dke). S. tenebrosa Say. Jamesburg VII, 4, Lakehurst IX (Ds); Clementon IX, 6 (C); Malaga VII, 27, Bamber VII, 13, Browns Mills VII, 5 (Dke). Sub-family LiBELLUiviN^. PANTALA Hagen. P. flavescens Fab. Staten Island VII-IX (Ds) ; Lucaston VIII, 6, Cape May IX, 21 (Dke). P. hymenaea Say. Sea Isle City VIII, 15 (Lt). TRAMEA Hag. T. Carolina L. Bergen Hill (Hag); Staten Island V-IX (Ds); and south- ward through the pine barrens V-IX, along the coast strip but scarcely entering the Delaware Valley. T. lacerata Hag. Staten Island V-IX (Ds) ; Haddonfield VIII (R) ; Ocean Co. (Sm). So REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. LIBELLULA Linn. Ezri*!=!wo!.--- . c- -- Fig. 27. Libcllula sp., showing all stages: I, larva with jaws extended; z, pupa shell, from which larva has issued; 3, active pupa capturing its prey; 4, pupa on stalk, ready to transform; 5, adult dragon fly. L. luctuosa Burm. (basalis Say.) Lake Hopatcong (Rhoads); Sparta VII, Staten Island VI, VII (Ds) ; So. Orange IV, 18, New Brunswick VI, 28 (Coll); Riverton VII (Jn) ; Haddonfield VIII (R); Westville VII (div); Mullica Hill VIII, 3 (C) ; National Park VIII, 4, Laurel Springs VII, 21 (Dke). L. auripennis Burm. Staten Island V-VII (Ds); Petersburg VII, 23, Tuckahoe VII, 21 (C); along shore, Point Pleasant to Cape May VII, VIII. L. flavida Ramb. Haddonfield VIII (R) ; Lakehurst VII, VIII (Ds) ; Browns Mills VI, 15, VII, 5, IX, 15 (Dke); Cape May (Sk). L. cyanea Fab. Ft. Lee VI (Bt) ; So. Orange IV, 18, Ocean Co. VII, 3 (Sm); Staten Island VI-VIII (Ds) ; Jamesburg VI, VII (div); Had- donfield VIII (R); Westville VII (div); Kirkwood VI, 16, Tuckahoe VII, 22, Seaville VII, 12 (C) ; Manumuskin VI, 4 (Dke) ; Cape May V, 30 (Sk). L. axillena Westw. Clementon VI, 4 (C). var. vibrans Fab. Staten Island VII, VIII (Ds) ; no. branch, Big Timber Creek VII, 29, Albion VI, 1 (C). var. incesta Hag. Highlands, southward through the Delaware Valley and pine barrens; but not along shore VII-IX. L. exusta Say. Highlands, and southward through Delaware Valley and pine barrens; but not along shore IV, 20-VIII, 8. L. quadrimaculata L. Lake Hopatcong VII (Rhoads); Arlington, Staten Island V, VI (Ds) ; Jamesburg VII, 4 (Dke); Atco VI, 18 (Jn). L. semifasciata Burm. Ft. Lee VI (Bt), and Piedmont Plain southward throughout the State V-IX, often common along shore. L. pulchella Dru. Throughout the State IV, 18-IX, 1, often common. THE INSECTS OF NEAV JERSEY. Si PLATHEMIS Hagen. P. trimaculata De G. Highlands and southward throughout the State V- IX, often common. ERYTHRODIPLAX Brauer. , E. berenice Dru. Bergen Hill (Hag); Staten Island V-VIII (Ds) ; along shore Sandy Hook to Cape May V-IX, often very common; the larva in salt water and the only one I have found in such places (Sm). NANNOTHEMIS Brauer. N. bella Uhler. Staten Island VI, VII, Toms River VIII (Ds) ; Clemen- ton VI, 25, Albion VI, 1, Lucaston VI, 1, pruinose <$, Berlin VII, 17, Seaville VII, 21 (C) ; Lucaston VIII, 10, DaCosta VII, lona VI, 16 (Dke). CEUTHEMIS Hagen. C. ornata Ramb. Lakehurst IX, Toms River VIII (Ds) ; Clementon VII, 22, IX, 6, Ocean View VII, 25, Indian Creek VIII, 24, Patcong Cr VIII, 24, West West Creek Pond VIII, 26 (C); iucaston IX, 2, DaCosta VII, 2-20 (Dke). C. elisa Hag. Bergen Hill (Hag); Staten Island VI-VIII (Ds), and south- ward throughout the State VI-IX; usually not common. C. fasciata Kirby. Lucaston VI, 27-VIII, 11, DaCosta VII, 7 (Dke); Malaga VI, VII (div). C. eponina Dru. Hopatcong VII (Rhoads) ; Staten Island V, VII (Ds); throughout the Delaware Valley, pine barrens and coastal strip VII-IX. LEUCORHINIA Britt. L. intacta Hagen. Normanock VII, Newfoundland VII, Staten Island V, VI (Ds); So. Orange IV, 18 (Coll); Ft. Lee VII, 4, Clementon VI, 28 (Dke); Albion VI, 1 (C). SYMPETRUM Newm. S. rubicundulum Say. Throughout the State VI-IX, not common, var. assimilata Uhler. Westville VIII, 27 (N). S. albifrons Charp. Delair VIII, 18, Manumuskin IX, 15, Belleplain IX, 16 (Dke). S. obtrusum Hagen. Staten Island VII (Ds) ; Bamber, Browns Mills, Manumuskin, Belleplain all IX, 1-16 (Dke). S. semicinctum Say. Sparta VII, Staten Island VII, 15 (Ds); Shark River VII, 12 (Jn). S. vicinum Hagen. Lake Hopatcong VII (Rhoads); Bergen Hill (Hag); Staten Island IX-XI (Ds); New Brunswick (Coll); Delaware Valley and pine barrens generally VII-X, but not from coastal strip or mari- time. 6 IX 82 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. S. corruptum Hagen. Staten Island V, 27, VIII, 8, several miles west of Barnegat XI. 1 CDs). PERITHEMIS Hagen. P. domitia Dru. Staten Island VI, VII (Ds) ; Delaware Valley and pine barrens VI-IX; not on coastal strip or from maritime. ERYTHEMIS Hagen. E. simpliciollis Say. (Mesothemis) Piedmont Plain and southward throughout the State VI-IX, often common; also Ft. Lee (Bt) ; So. Orange V, 27 (Coll). PACHYDIPLAX Brauer. P. longipennis Burm. Throughout the State except the Appalachian V, 23-IX, 5, not usually common. Order THYSANOPTERA. The insects of this order are commonly known as "Thrips" and often cause severe injury to growing plants. They are very small, very slender, somewhat fusiform, with very delicate narrow fringed wings, which are laid flat upon the back when at rest and are not even visible to the ordi- nary observer without a lens. The mouth parts are made up of a number of slender lancets, only the points of which protrude beyond the mouth opening. With these they scrape the surface of the leaf or plant and exhaust the cell beneath, leaving a yellow or whitish spot. Onion leaves sometimes turn almost white under a severe attack, and "silver-tip" in grasses is often due to these insects. Cabbage leaves are sometimes completely devitalized, and grow- ing tips of young trees may be crippled. Not all species are harmful, however, some of them occurring under such conditions as to make it almost certain that they are predatory. Yet as a whole this little order must be considered as injurious. As to remedial measures it is difficult to make recom- mendations. Ordinarily the species flourish only in dry weather, and their injuries in- crease and manifest them- selves in a dry season, or after a protracted drought. A cold rain may check them when they threaten most, and d Fig. 28. Thrips tabaci: a, adult; b, antenna of same; c, young larva; d, full-grown larva; enlarged. a spray of cold water, thor- oughly applied, is often suffi- cient for their control. Tobacco decoction and soap suds are good addi- tions, and may generally be relied upon to kill off the species in the green- house and garden. Very little has been added to our knowledge of the New Jersey species since the previous edition, and the number of forms has not been in- creased by collections. Mr. Pergande is, therefore, still to be credited with the notes. Family THRIPIDJE. COLEOTHRIPS Halid. C. trifasciata Fitch. Infests grain and grasses. CHIROTHRIPS Halid. C. antennatus Osb. Infests grasses. (8 3 ) 84 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. LIMOTHRIPS Halid. L. ceralium Halid. Infests grain and grasses throughout the State. HELIOTHRIPS Halid. H. dracanae Heeger. On hot-house plants. H. haemorrhoidalis Bouche. In green-houses, often common. THR1PS Linn. T. 6-maculatus Pergande. A general feeder on many plants. T. tabaci Linden. On cabbages, onions and other vegetables throughout the State; a serious pest seasonally and locally (Sm). T. tritici Fitch. On grain, grasses and flowers; also locally in tips of nursery peach trees, sometimes causing serious injury (Sm). PHLCEOTHRIPS Halid. P. caryae Fitch. Occurs on hickory. P. mali Fitch. Feeds on leaves of apple. P. nigra Osb. Found commonly on clover. P. phylloxeras Riley. Occurs in galls of "Phylloxera," and is said to feed on its inhabitants. Order PARASITICA. Under this head come the sucking lice, which are parasitic on warm- blooded animals other than birds. They never become winged, have prac- tically no transformations, the body is more or less flattened and either the feet are scansorial, fitted for climbing and holding, or the mouth hooks are so formed as to enable the insect to anchor itself firmly in place. The insects remain on their host constantly and the eggs are nearly always attached to the hair of the host animal. Three species attack man and sometimes cause serious annoyance. In extreme cases an inflammatory condition of the skin may be set up to which the terms "phthiriasis" and "pediculosis" have been applied. Almost all the domestic and many of the wild animals are subject to infestation and the list here given will undoubt- edly prove incomplete when systematic collections are made. Fig. 29. Head- louse, Pediculits capitis; greatly enlarged. Family PEDICULJD^. PHTHIRIUS Leach. P. inguinalis Leach. The "crab-louse": found in the arm-pits and pubic re- gions of man and sometimes on the coarse hair of the breast. The grasp- ing structures of the feet ,re so we ll developed that it is easier to pull out a hair than to remove the parasite from it. Liberal and repeated appli- cations of mercurial ointment are re- quired to destroy these species. Fig. 30. Crab-louse, Phthirius inguinalis; greatly enlarged. PEDICULUS Linn. P. capitis DeG. The common "head-louse;" more generally found on children. A fine-tooth comb and repeated application of pomade or vaseline will readily control this pest. Tincture, or extract of Lark- spur, has also been used with good effect. P. vestimenti Leach. "Body-louse," "clothes-louse" or "gray-back." Lays its eggs in the seams of clothing in which also it hides when not actively feeding. Cleanliness is the best preventive; when an attack is to be dealt with, use mercurial ointment in the seams of the cloth- ing or dip them in gasoline two or three times at intervals of one week. Steaming or thorough boiling will answer the same purpose. (85) 86 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. H/EMATOPINUS Leach. H. piliferus Burm. The sucking-louse of the dog. H. pedal is Osborn. Occurs on the feet of sheep be- low the wool and easy to destroy with any good sheep dip. H. eurysternus Nitzsch. Short-nosed ox-louse. This and the following may be reached by the crude petroleum brushing recommended for the biting lice. H. vituli Linn. Long-nosed ox-louse. H. urius Nitzsch. The hog-louse: our largest spe- cies; sometimes very common and conspicuous. H. asini Linn. Found on the horse and ass. H. spinulosus Nitzsch. Found on the common rat. H. acanthopus Burm. Infests field mice. H. ventricosus Denny. Found on hares and rabbits. H. sutu rails Osborn. Infests chipmunks and ground squirrels. Fig. 31. Body-louse, Pediculus vestimenti; greatly enlarged. Order HOMOPTERA. This ordinal term is employed for those Rhyngota in which the two pairs of wings are either similar in texture, as in the plant-lice or "Cicada," or the primaries are of the same texture throughout, though this may be different from that of the secondaries, as in the leaf-hoppers. The mouth parts are composed of four lancets, of which two are usually grown together concealed in a jointed beak, except in the Coccidse or scale insects, in which the mouth parts are quite generally aborted in the males and reduced to thread-like lancets in the females. Usually the base of the beak is on the under side of the head, and its point is directed backward so that it rests between the haunches of the fore-legs. All the species are plant feeders, piercing the tissue by means of the lancets and exhausting the cells be- neath. They are, therefore, of eco- nomic importance, and, as a matter of fact, some of our most destructive species belong to this order. In a general way the transforma- tions are incomplete; but the life his- tories of the species are often involved and sometimes curiously unique. No general recommendations for treat- ment can be given, except that only contact poisons are of any avail and stomach poisons are never indicated. Since the previous list was pub- lished this order has received much attention from collectors and students, and the number of species here listed has been greatly increased. Most of the species previously included as probable inhabitants have been defi- nitely authenticated and a few have been dropped for one reason or an- other. By the courtesy of Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, of Buffalo, N. Y., the collec- tions of certain of the groups made in New Jersey have been determined, and he has also been good enough to look over the manuscript in these groups and to give me suggestions as to the order of species and genera. A very few species remain that have not been actually taken in the State, but these are almost certain to occur, and besides these there are undoubtedly many new species yet to be discovered and determined by thorough collecting and study. All of the gentlemen who assisted me ten years ago have continued their aid in one way or another. (8?) Fig. 32. Mouth structure of a plant- louse: a, beak; b, the lancets; c, tarsus; greatly enlarged. 88 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Family CICADIDyE. Contains the largest species in this sub-order, popularly known as "har- vest flies," and incorrectly as "locusts." They are found on shrubs and trees, the males making a shrill- ing sound during the daj . This song or call is very loud and piercing, and is different for each species, so that each may be recognized by this char- acter alone. In the adult stage they feed little or not at all, and are in no sense injurious except through their method of laying eggs in twigs and shoots, and even in this point only the "periodical cicada" offends. The larvae live underground and suck the juices of tree and other plant roots, but grow so slowly that they do no appreciable harm. Just how long our common species require for their complete life cycle is not defi- nitely known; but the larva of the "periodical" species is known to live in that stage sixteen years in the north and thirteen years in the more southern States. TETTIGEA Am. & Serv. T. hieroglyphica Say. Occurs in June and July throughout the pine barrens, and is specifically re- ported from Lakewood, Lakehurst, Lahaway, DaCosta, Anglesea. It is the smallest of our species, the abdomen is almost transparent, and I have noted it ovipositing in cedar. TIBiCEN Latr. Figg 33- Egg punctures made by the Periodical Cicada, the twig broken at a. T. septendecim Linn. The "periodical cicada" or "17-year locust." Occurs at intervals throughout the State, appearing during the last days of May and continuing through most of June. There are two large broods in the State, a third that is fairly marked and two, if not three, that are dying out, and are represented at the present time by a few scattered examples only. The adults cause injury when they appear by their habit of cutting slits to deposit eggs in the terminal twigs of larger trees and in the trunks and branches of THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 89 nursery and other young fruit trees. These slits never heal, and, while on a large tree the injury is a mere trimming as the twigs wilt and break, on the small trees they are a source of permanent weak- ness, and sooner or later the branch or even trunk breaks. Fig 34. The Periodical Cicada, Tibicen scptcndecim: a, pupa, ready to emerge; b, pupa skin from which adult has emerged; c, adult; d, cavities to receive eggs; e, eggs, enlarged. The species "rimosa Say" and "striatipes Hald.," listed in the last edition, are probably not of our fauna. CICADA Linn. C. marginata Say. Staten Island VII (Ds) ; New Brunswick, rare, Lake-- wood common (Sm); DaCosta, Riverton IX, 10 (div). The largest of our species and the longest winged. Not found every year, but no definite intervals have been noted. C. sayi Grossb. Throughout the State from mid-July to early October, and the most common of our "Harvest flies." It is the species that has in the past been known as "pruinosa" because of the uniform white powdering of the underside. C. pruinosa Say. Cape May IX, 20, Anglesea IX, 8 (Dke) ; Bayside X, 21 (Coll). Really a very rare species, of which only a few specimens are known in collections. C. linnei Grossb. Throughout the State, common from mid-July until frost. This is the species that used to be called "tibicen Linn." the latter being really a South American form. 90 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. C. lyricen DeG. Taken only at points north of New Brunswick, but prob- ably occurs throughout the State with the preceding, which it closely resembles. C. canicularis Harr. Throughout the State; more or less common. Occurs with "linnei," than which it is smaller, but otherwise nearly allied. C. davisi Grossb. Paterson IX, 4 (Gr) ; Anglesea VIII, 25 (Coll). CARINETA Am. & Serv. C. parvula Say. Occurs all along the Atlantic Coast, and, according to Ashmead, should reach New Jersey. It is certain that a form not yet taken has been heard at Anglesea by myself and others, and it is probably this species. Family MEMBRACIDyE. Contains the "tree-hoppers" which are odd-looking creatures, more or less wedge or beech-nut shaped, the prothorax often abnormally developed into horns, spines or crests. They leap and fly readily and are commonly found on trees and shrubs. The eggs are usually laid in slits made in twigs, shoots or other vegetable tissue, and many of the larvae or nymphs envelop themselves in frothy masses. A few of them excrete honey dew. Few of the species are really abundant and none of them cause injury by feeding. The "buffalo tree-hopper" and its allies do some harm by their egg-laying. The slits are made in the soft tissue of the twigs and shoots of fruit trees, and these wounds seem to be poisonous. At all events, instead of healing, the slits form open wounds which enlarge, check growth, make weak points where breaks occur when fruit is borne, or any strain is put upon the injured wood. The punctures are readily noticed in winter and should be cut out when pruning and the cuttings destroyed. Insecticides are not indicated. Sub-family SMHJIN,. CERESA Am. & Serv. C. diceros Say. Throughout the State VI, VII, VIII, IX. C. bubalus Fab. Common, VI-IX, throughout the State. This is the "buffalo tree-hopper" whose injuries are referred to above. C. brevitylus Van D. Jamesburg VI, 19, New Brunswick VIII, 31 (Coll). Described from the New Jersey material. C. taurina Fitch. Jamesburg VIII, 31, Staten Island V, VII, VIII, IX (Ds); Merchantville, AJco VI, 21 (Ss). C. boreal is Fairm. Chester VIII (Coll). C. basalis Wlk. Chester IX, 1 (Coll), and probably throughout the High- lands. The "C. brevicornis Fitch" is omitted because it has not yet been ac- tually taken, although its occurrence is probable. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 91 STICTOCEPHALA Stal. S. inermis Fab. Not actually taken, but sure to occur in the State. S. substriata Wlk. "New Jersey" (Van Duzee). S. festina Say. Anglesea V, 28 (Sm). S. lutea Wlk. Woodbury VI, 23 (Ss); Madison (Pr) ; Atco VI, 4, James- burg V, 3, VI, 9 (Coll). ACUTALIS Fairm. A. tartarea Say. Chester VII, 20, VIII, 24, Jamesburg VII (Coll); Staten Island VIII, 7, IX, 11 (Ds). The species "semicrema" Say, "dorsalis" Fitch, and "calva" Say, are omitted because not yet actually taken; but they almost surely occur in the State. Dorsalis and calva belong to "Micrutalis" according to Van Duzee. CARYNOTA Fitch. C. mera Say. Chester VII, 4, 20 (Coll) ; Orange Mts. VII, 5 (Jn) ; Madi- son VIII, 6 (Pr); Merchantville VI, 29 (Ss) ; Lakehurst VII, 7 (Gr) ; Navesink Highlands VIII, 15 (Ds). . C. marmorata Say. Chester VII, 4 (Coll) ; Westfield VII, 9, Staten Island VII, 15, on alder (Ds). THELIA Am. & Serv. T. bimaculata Fab. Common on locust. Chester (Coll); Madison VIII, 12 (Pr); Morris Plains (Jn) ; Caldwell (Cr) ; Staten Island VII, 20, VIII, 2 (Ds); Rahway (Bf). GLOSSONOTUS Butler. G. acuminatus Fab. Lakehurst VI, VII, 19 (Ds). G. turriculatus' Emmons. Staten Island, Lakehurst VI (Ds) ; "New Jer- sey" (Goding). G. univittatus Harr. Madison (Pr) ; Lakehurst VI, VII (div). G. crataegi Fitch. "New Jersey" (Ss); Sparta VII, Staten Island VIII (Ds). The species here listed appeared as "Thelia" in the last edition, and the species there referred to as "pyramidoides" Gdg., is = to "crataegi." HELIRIA Stal. H. cristata Fairm. Lakehurst VI, IX. on oak (Ds). H. scalaris Fairm. So widely distributed that it must occur in the State, on beech. TELAMONA Fitch. T. declivata Van D. Sparta VII, Lakehurst VI, IX, on oak (Dsi) ; one of the type localities. 92 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. T. reclivata Fitch. Hewitt VI, Staten Island VII, Navesink Highlands VIII, 15, Staten Island VII (Ds). T. monticola Fab. Princeton VI, 11, Lahaway VII, 12 (Coll). T. ampelopsidis Harr. Hewitt VII, Staten Island VII, VIII (Ds) ; New Brunswick IX, 13, Ocean Co. VIII, Hammonton, Lakewood (Coll). T. coryli Fitch. Westfield (Ds). T. concava Fitch. Anglesea VII, 8 (Ss). T. unicolor Fitch. Staten Island VII, 8 (Ds). T. extrema Ball. Staten Island VI (Ds); Lakehurst VI, VII, IX (div). T. irrorata Godg. Madison VIII, 15 (Pr) = "inornata" of the previous list and probably an erroneous determination. ARCHASIA Stal. A. galeata Fab. Madison (Pr) ; Plainfield VII, 4 (Gr) ; Lakehurst on white oaks VI, VII (Ds) ; Milltown (Bf). A. belfragei Gdg. Staten Island VII, Jamesburg VII (Ds) ; Browns Mills Jn VI, 21 (GG). SMILIA Germ. S. camelus Fab. Madison (Pr) ; Newfoundland, Oak Ridge VII, Staten Island VI (Ds); Lakehurst VII, 4 (Coll). CYRTOLOBUS Coding. C. fenestratus Fitch. Staten Island VIL.^15 (Ds). C. ovatus Van D. Staten Island, Lakehurst (Ds). Described from the New Jersey material. C. muticus Fabr. Staten Island (Ds) ; Lakehurst VII, 5 (Coll). C. sculptus Fairm. Madison VI, 12, 22 (Pr) ; Staten Island VI, VII (Ds) ; Lakehurst VII (div). C. discoidalis Emmons. (Atymna) Sparta (Ds) ; Chester VII, 4, Madi- son VI, 22 (Coll); Berkeley Hts. (Bf). C. vau Say. Milltown (Bf ) ; Jamesburg V, 31, Anglesea VII, 4, 17 (Coll) ; Lakehurst VII, 17 (Ds). C. inermis Emmons. Milltown (Bf); Lakehurst VI, 16 (Ds). C. cinereus Emmons. Madison VIII (Pr); Lakehurst (Bf). C. fuscipennis Van D. Staten Island, Jamesburg (Ds); part of the type material. C. varius Gdg. Newfoundland VII, 5, Great Notch V, 30, Jamesburg VII, 2 (Ds) ; Lakehurst VI, VII (div). Mr. Van Duzee says this is the male of "vau." ATYMNA Stal. A. castanea Fitch. Throughout the highlands on chestnut V-VII (div); Jamesburg VII, 2, Staten Island VI, VII (Ds); Lakehurst VII, 7 (Coll). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 93 A. inornata Say. Chester VII, 5, Jamesburg VI, 24 (Coll); Merchantville (Ss); Lakehurst VII (div). "Querci" Fitch has not yet occurred in the State. XANTHOLOBUS Van D. X. nitidus Van D. Lakehurst VII, 7 (Coll); Staten Island VII, 15 (Ds). Types from these localities. OPHIDERMA Fairm. O. salamandra Fairm. Newfoundland VII, Staten Island VI, 22, Lake- hurst VI, 20 (Ds). O. flavicephala Gdg. Lakehurst VII (Bf, Coll); Malaga VIII, 4 (GG). O. flava Gdg. Staten Island VI, 22 (Coll). O. pubescens Emm. Chester VII, 4, Lakehurst VII, 7 (Coll). "O. nigrocephala" of the previous edition is the same as "Atymna cas- tanea." VAN DUZEA Coding. V. arquata Say. Madison VIII, 6, 30 (Pr) ; Staten Island VII, 8 (Ds) ; on locust. ENTYLIA Germ. E. sinuata Fab. Staten Island VI, IX, on "Iva frutescens," Perth Amboy V, Jamesburg VIII (Ds) ; Merchantville IV, 22, Camden XII, hiber- nating (Ss); Vineland (U S Ag) ; Jamesburg V, 10, Lahaway V, 20 (Coll). E. bactriana Germ. Berkeley Hts. (Bf); Camden V, 18 (Ss). PUBLILIA Sta!. P. concava Say. Madison VI (Pr); said to be common and widely dis- tributed in the U. S. "Nigrodorsum" is a variation only. P. reticulata Van D. Staten Island IX, 26 (Ds) ; Jamesburg VI, 24 (Coll). One of the types is' the Jamesburg specimen. Sub-family HOPLOPHORIN^;. PLATYCOTIS Stal. P. 4-vittata Say. Caldwell (Cr). Sagittata Germ., has not yet occurred to collectors. Sub-family MM BRACING. CAMPYLENCHIA Stal. C. curvata Fab. Common throughout the State VI-VIII. ENCHENOPA Am. & Serv. E. binotata Say. Throughout the State, VI-VII. Mr. Davis records it on locust. 94 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Sub-family CENTRODIN^E. MICROCENTRUS Stal. M. caryae Fitch. Madison VIII, 11 (Pr) ; "New Jersey" (Ss). CENTRUCHOIDES Fowler. C. perdita Am. & Serv. Singac IX, Staten Island XI (Ds) ; Lakehurst VII, IX, X (div). Family FULGORIDs (Ds) ; Riverton VIII, 17 (Van D). sulcipes; b, Pceciloptera truncaticortns : ( twice natural size. Fig. 35 S. grossus Uhl. Westville VIII, 18 (Jn). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 95 PHYLLOSCELIS Germ. P. atra Germ. Madison (Pr) ; Farmingdale VIII, 12, Lakehurst IX, 6 (Ds); Riverton VIII, 17, Woodbine VIII, 21 (Van D). var. albovenosa Milichar. Riverton VIII, 17 (Van D) P. pallescens Germ. Lahaway, on cranberry bogs, V (Sm) ; "N. J.," com- mon (Van D). Sub-family ACHILIN^. ELIDIPTERA Spin. (HELICOPTERA.) E. pallida Say. New Jersey, probably. E. septentrionalis Prov. Manasquan IX, 23, Lakehurst IX, 24 (Ds) ; Laha- way IX, 14 (Coll). E. opaca Say. "New Jersey" (Uhler). E. floridae Wlk. Lakehurst V, 29 (Ds); Riverton IV, 26, Pemberton V (GG). E. variegata Van D. Riverton IX, 7 (GG). CATONIA Uhler. C. nava Say. Throughout the eastern United States. C. impunctata Fitch. Cranford VIII, 27, Highlands of Navesink VIII, 15 Jamesburg VIII, 31 (Ds). C. picta Van D. Type locality is Lakehurst VIII, 18 (Gr) X (Ds). C. cinctifrons Fitch. New York and probably New Jersey. Sub- family CIXIIN^. BOTHRIOCERA Burm. B. bicornis Fab. "New Jersey" (Uhler). OLIARUS Stal. O. quinquelineata Say. Staien Island V, 22, VIII, 8, Jamesburg VII, 2 (Ds); Barnegat Bay Dist. VIII, 3 (Coll); Lakehurst VII, 7, 24, IX, 4 (div); Browns Mills Jn., VI, 21 (GG) ; Cape May (Van D). O. humilis Say. Chester VIII, 12, Monmouth Co., on salt meadow VII, 31 (Coll); Madison VIII, 18 (Pr). O. complectus Ball. Chester VII, 24 (Coll); Staten Island VI, 17, VII, 1, Jamesburg VII, 5 (Ds). CIXIUS Latr. C. stigmatus Say. Chester VIII, 12 (Coll) ; Madison VIII, 6 (Pr) ; "New Jersey" (Jn). The species "colfepeum" Fitch, "pini" Fitch and "vicarius" Wlk. are all so distributed that their occurrence in New Jersey is more than probable, 96 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. but as they have not been actually taken in the rather thorough collect- ing in this group it is deemed best to omit them from the record. "Albi- cincta" Germ, is probably not found in America at all. OECLEUS Stal. O. decens Stal. Clementon V, 30 (GG) ; Anglesea V, 28 (Sin). MYNDUS Stal. M. sordidipennis Van D. Staten Island VII, 1 (Ds). M. viridis Ball. Monmouth Co., salt meadows, VII, 3 (Coll). Sub-family ISSIN^. BRUCHOMORPHA Newn. B. oculata Newn. Chester IX, 9, Lakehurst VII, 7 (Coll). B. tristis Stal. Jamesburg VI, 22 (Ds) VII, IS (Coll). B. dorsata Fitch. Riverton (Jn). NASO Fitch. N. robertsonii Fitch. Occurs both north and south of the State. APHELONEMA Uhler. A. simplex Uhler. Monmouth Co., salt marsh VII, 31 (Coll); Cape May VIII, 19 (Van D). THIONEA Stal. T. simplex Wlk. Woodbury VII, 29 (Ss). T. bullata Say. Should be taken in New Jersey (Van D). Sub-family ACANALONIN^. AMPHISCEPA Germ. A. bivittata Say. Madison (Pr); Little Falls VIII, Staten Island VII-IX, Farmingdale VIII, Lakehurst IX (Ds); Monmouth Co. VII, 31 (Coll). A pink form is not uncommon. Sub-family FLATIN^. ORMENIS Stal. O. pruinosa Say. More or less common throughout the State, VIII & IX, and on a great variety of trees and plants. O. septentrional is Spin. With the preceding; hardly less common, V-IX. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 97 Sub-family LAMENIA Stal. L. vulgaris Fitch. Recorded from Chester to Lakehurst in all faunal regions VI-IX, inclusive. L. uhleri Ball. Jamesburg VIII, 31 (Ds) ; Riverton (Jn). OTIOCERUS Kirby. O. amyotii Pitch. Madison VIII, 30 (Pr). O. degeerii Kirby. Madison VIII, 11 (Pr) ; Staten Island VII, S, Mana- squan IX, 23 (Ds) ; Lahaway VIII (Coll). O. francilloni Kirby. Grantwood VII, 20 (Coll). O. wolfii Kirby. Staten Island VIII, 16 (Ds). "Coquebertii" Kirby, "signoretii" Fitch and "stollii" Kirby will also be found I have no doubt. Sub-family DELPHACIN.E. STENOCRANUS Fieb. S. dorsalis Fitch. Eastern U. S. generally; doubtless in New Jersey. S. lautus Van D. Riverton (Jn) ; New York City (Van D). MEG AM EL AN US Ball. M. spartini Osb. Staten Island is the type locality. MEGAMELUS Fieb. M. marginatus Van D. Staten Island VII, 8 (Ds) ; Barnegat Bay Dist. VIII, 3, Anglesea (Coll). PISSONOTUS Van D. P. brunneus Van D. New York City, and certainly New Jersey. P. delicatus Van D. Riverton VII, 17 (Van D). STOB/ERA Stal. S. tricarinata Say. Ft. Lee Dist. X, G (Brb) ; New Brunswick VII, 20 (Sin); Riverton (Jn) ; Merchantville X, 29 (Ss). S. concinna Stal. Monmouth Co., salt meadows VII, 31 (Coll). LIBURNIA Stal. L. ornata Stal. Staten Island X, 21 (Ds) ; Riverton (Jn). L. detecta Van D. New York City and doubtless in New Jersey. L. puella Van D. New Jersey (Van D) ; Riverton (Jn). 7 IN 98 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. L. foveata Van D. Newark IX, 1 on salt marsh (Coll); Anglesea VIII, 23, Cape May VIII, 19 (Van D). L. osborni Van D. "New Jersey" V (Sm) ; Barnegat Bay Dist. VIII, 3 (Coll). L. pellucida Fab. Will yet be discovered in New Jersey no doubt. PENTAGRAM MA Van D. P. vittatifrons Uhl. "New Jersey" (Uhl); Staten Island VIII, 23, on salt meadow (Ds). Family CERCOPIDyE. These are the "frog-hoppers" or "spittle-insects," so called because of the shape of the adults, which is broad and squat, the leaping power being also well developed, and because the larvae live in little masses of white froth resembling spittle. In this group the thorax is without ab- normal processes and is not produced back over the abdomen. While "frog-spittle" is not uncommon on low meadows, shrubs and bogs, none of the species are injurious to cultivated plants in New Jersey. Sub-family CRCOPIN^. TOMASPIS Am. et Serv. = (MONECPHORA). T. bicincta Say. Throughout the State VII, VIII, not rare. The variety "ignipecta Fitch" has been recorded from Madison VIII, 6. Sub-family APHROPHORIN^. LEPYRONIA Am. et Serv. L. quadrangularis Say. Warren Co. VIII, 13 (Coll); Ft. Lee (Bt) ; Staten Island VII-X (Ds) ; Riverton (Jn) ; Camden I, Collingswood III, sift- ing (Ss). L. angulifera Uhler. Ocean County (Uhler). APHROPHORA Germ. A. quadrinotata Say. Newfoundland VII, Westfield VII, Staten Island VI-IX (Ds) ; Chester VII-IX, Orange Mts. VIII, Lakehurst VII (Coll); Shark River VI (Jn). A. parallela Say. Throughout the State VI-IX on white and pitch pine, and probably infests other species; sometimes not rare. A. saratogensis Fitch. Newfoundland VII, Staten Island VII, VIII, James- burg VII, Farmingdale VIII, Lakehurst VII (Ds) ; Malaga VIII, 4, Browns Mills VI, 21 (GG). A. signoretti Fitch. New York, and probably also New Jersey. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 99 PHIL>ENUS Stal. P. lineatus Linn. Said to occur throughout North America. P. spumarius Linn. Also of general distribution. CLASTOPTERA Germ. C. proteus Fitch. Throughout the State in July. var. flava Ball. Hopatcong VII, Jamesburg VII (Coll). var. vittata Ball. Chester VII (Coll); Lakehurst VII (div). var. nigra Ball. Jamesburg VI, 22, VII (Ds) ; Lakehurst VII (Coll). C. xanthocephala Germ. New Brunswick VII, 20, Anglesea VII, 23 (Sm). C. obtusa Say. Piedmont Plain and northward VII-X, not rare; Staten Island X (Ds) ; Jamesburg VII, VIII (div). var. achatina Germ. Chester VII, 4, Jamesburg VII, 18 (Coll). JASSOIDEA. Under the general term "leaf-toppers" are included a large number of active little species referred to the families Tettigoniellidas, Bythoscopidee and Jassidse. They are more or less elongate, usually tapering posteriorly, the head short, generally blunt and more or less crescent shaped, the tip of the beak projecting between the front legs. The feelers are very short and bristle-like, the hind legs long and fitted for leaping. They occur on grasses, shrubs and trees of all kinds and many of them are injurious, sometimes much more so than is generally appreciated. On grape one Fig. 36. Athysamis vaccini. Fig. 37. Thamnotetix fitchii. Fig. 38. Agallia 4-punctata. species occurs that often becomes excessively abundant after mid- summer, punctures the cells of the leaves and produces a yellow spot which afterward turns brown. When these spots are sufficiently close together the entire leaf dries up, dies and drops long before the shoot is mature. Young apple trees frequently suffer from an allied species that yellows and dries the foliage soon after mid-summer. In general, the insects winter as adults in rubbish and crevices and lay loo REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. eggs in spring, many of the species developing several generations during the season. The adults are attracted to light, and many thousands are sometimes found in the globes of electric lamps near cities and towns; but we have not found it practical to prevent injury by thus trapping them. Remedial measures are, in general, cleaning up the rubbish in which they hibernate, capturing them on sticky surfaces, and spraying with some contact insecticide. The first method needs no explanation. Cap- turing on sticky surfaces is much resorted to in vineyards, sometimes merely with palm-leaf fans coated with tar or "tanglefoot," sometimes with elaborate screens run between the rows, the vines being jarred to induce the insects to jump or fly. Persistently employed this method de- stroys immense numbers, and if begun early in the season will secure practical exemption in fall. Spraying is with either kerosene emulsion or fish oil soaps. The mix- ture should always be made as strong as the foliage will stand, the spray should be very fine and should be applied with as much force as possible so as to reach the partly-grown insects which tend to crouch close to sur- face among the plant hairs; and it is also desirable to keep the air about the vines or plants filled with the fine mist so as to reach the adults that tend to fly at the first disturbance. In general the toll exacted by these leaf-hoppers is not appreciated by the agriculturist. Family TETTIGONIELLIDJE. Sub-family TETTIGONIELLIN^. ONCOMETOPIA Stal. O. undata Fab. Riverton VII, 31 (Jn) ; Anglesea VI, 30 (Ss). O. costal is Fab. G. d., throughout the U. S. east of the Rocky Mts. AULACIZES Am. et Serv. A. irrorata Fab. Palisades VIII, Staten Island X, Navesink Highlands VIII (Ds); Jainesburg IX, 30 (Brb); Woodbury VI, 4 (Ss); Anglesea V, 30 (Coll). A. guttata Uhl. New York to Florida and sure to occur in New Jersey. KOLLA Dist. K. bifida Say. Madison (Pr); Palisades VIII, 21, Staten Island VIII, 7 (Ds); Jamesburg X, 2 (Coll); Riverton IX, 11 (Jn). TETTIGONIELLA Jacoby. T. tripunctata Fitch. Staten Island IX, 7 (Ds). T. gothica Sign. Staten Island VIII, 26, Jamesburg V. 25 (Ds); Lake- hurst VII, 7 (Coll). "T. hieroglyphica Say" does not seem to occur east of Illinois. D1EDROCEPHALA Spin. D. cocci nea Forst. More or less common throughout the State, VI-X. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 101 DR/ECULACEPHALA Ball. D. mollipes Say. Throughout the State, common, all season. D. angulifera Wlk. Sure to be found in New Jersey. D. nove-boracensis Fitch. "Doubtless common in grassy lowlands in New Jersey." HELOCHARA Fitch. H. communis Fitch. Caldwell (Cr); Staten Island X, "New Jersey" III (Ds). Sub-family GYPONIN^;. XEROPHLCEA Germ. X. viridis Fab. (peltata Uhl.) Arlington (Coll); Jamesburg VIII, 31 (Ds). X. major Bak. Ft. Lee dist. X, 12, Jamesburg VII, 4 (Brb). GYPONA Germ. G. cana Burm. More or less common throughout the State, VII-X. This name Mr. Van Duzee refers to the commonest large species in the State and cites "quebecensis Prov.," as a probable synonym. Some of the references under "octo-lineata" in the last edition belong here. G. octolineata Say. This name is now confined to the large form with scarlet marks. Mr. Grossbeck has taken a pink form of this. G. striata Burm. (flavilineata Fitch.) Also occurs throughout the State and probably confused with "cana." Our records range from Chester to Lakehurst, and from VI to X. G. melanota Spang. Madison VII, VIII (Pr) ; Staten Island VIII (Ds) ; "New Jersey" (Van D). G. bimaculata Woodw. Del. Water Gap (Ss); Staten Island VIII, X (Ds). G. scarlatina Fitch. Jamesburg VI-VIII (Ds); Merchantville X, 15 (Ss); Lakehurst VII (div). G. olivacea Spang., not rugosa Spang. Clifton VIII, 24 (GG) ; Navesink Highlands VIII, 15, Lakehurst IX, 6-X, 6 (Ds) ; Riverton (Jn). G. albosignata Uhl. Coastal plain of United States (Uhler). PENTHIMA Germ. P. americana Fitch. Del. Water Gap VII, 12 (Coll) ; Greenwood Lake V, 18 (Brb); Madison VI, 27 (Pr) ; Jamesburg V, 10 (Sm); Lakehurst V-VII (div); Atco VI, 18 (Jn) ; Anglesea (Ss). 102 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Family BYTHOSCOPIDvE. BYTHOSCOPUS Germ. B, variabilis Fitch. Newfoundland VII, 4, Singac VI, 15, Staten Island VI, VII, Lakehurst VI, 30 (Ds). B. sobrius Wlk. Found in New York and probably in New Jersey. B. cognatus Van D. Occurs with the preceding. B. fenestratus Fitch. Singac VI, 15, (Ds). B. pruni Prov. Singac VI, 15 (Ds). B. minor Fitch. Staten Island VI, 18 (Ds). B. nigrinasi Fitch. Sure to occur in New Jersey. B. distinctus Van D. New York to North Carolina, and surely in New Jersey. B. fagi Fitch. Will probably be found in northern New Jersey. PEDIOPSIS Burm. P. insignis Van D. Newfoundland VII, 4 (Ds). P. viridis Fitch. Riverton IX, 25 (Jn). P. trimaculata Fitch. Sure to occur in New Jersey. P. sordida Van D. Staten Island (Ds). IDIOCERUS Lewis. I. pallidus Fitch. Staten Island VT, 22 (Ds). I. suturalis Fitch. Sure to occur in New Jersey. I. nervatus Van D. "New Jersey" (Van D). !. lachrymalis Fitch. Lakehurst VII, 7 (Coll). I. alternatus Fitch. Occurs throughout the eastern United States. I. crataegi Van D. On thorn, New York to Iowa. I. maculipennis Fitch. Sure to occur in New Jersey. I. provancheri Van D. New York to Iowa. AGALLIA Curtis. A. 4-punctata Prov. Throughout the State, V-VIII, more or less common; sometimes abundant on cranberry bogs, but probably feeding on weeds, etc., rather than on vines. A. sanguinolenta Prov. Newark, Jamesburg VII, 5, Merchantville X, 29, Lakehurst VII, 7, Anglesea VII (Coll). A. constricta Van D. Madison VI, 1 (Pr) ; New Brunswick VII, 20, Ocean Co. V, Lahaway VII, 10, Anglesea (Coll). A. novella Say. Riverton (Jn). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 103 Family Sub-family ACOCEPHALIN^;. ACOCEPHALUS Germ. A. albifrons Linn. (mixtus Say.) Staten Island VI, VII (Ds) ; New Brunswick VII, 20 (Sm) ; Lakehurst VII, 7 (Coll). A. brunneo-bifasciatus Geoff. New Jersey (Ball). XESTOCEPHALUS Van D. X. pulicarius Van D. New York and probably New Jersey. Sub-family JASSIN.^. Dorydini. HECALUS Stal. H. lineatus Uhl. Shark River VII, 9 (Jn) ; New Jersey (Van D). SPANGBERGIELLA Sign. S. vulnerata Uhl. New Jersey (Sm). PARABOLOCRATUS Fieb. P. viridis Uhl. Jamesburg V, 31 (Coll). Deltocephalini. MESAMIA Ball (PARAMESUS Van D.) M. nigridorsum Ball. Staten Island IX, 11 (Ds). M. vitellina Fitch. Madison VI, 30 (Pr) ; New Brunswick (Sm). M. cincta O & B. Manasquan IX, 23 (Ds) ; is the "jucundus" of the previous list. PLATYMETOPIUS Burm. P. acutus Say. Chester VII, 3, Jamesburg X, 2, Lakehurst VII, 4, Angle- sea VII, 12 (Coll); Staten Island VI, VIII, X (Ds). P. frontal is Van D. Chester VII-IX, Jamesburg X, 2, Lakehurst VII, 7 (Coll); Madison VI (div) ; Cranford VII, 27, Staten Island VI, 22 (Ds). DELTOCEPHALUS Burm. D. sayi Fitch. Madison VI, 14 (Brb) ; Riverton VI, 25 (Coll) ; Clementon (Jn). D. inimicus Say. Chester IX, 10, Jamesburg VII, 15 (Coll) ; Camden IX, 27 (Ss). io4 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. D. nigrifrons Forbes. Camden IX, 27 (Ss). D. simplex Van D. Barnegat Bay Dist. VIII, 3 (Coll). D. littoralis Ball. Barnegat Bay Dist. VII, 3 (Coll); Anglesea VIII, 23, Cape May VIII, 17 (Van D) ; on salt marshes. D. obtectus O & B. Chester IX, 7 (Coll); Riverton IX, 11 (Jn). D. areolatus Ball. Woodbine VIII, 21 (Van D). D. flavicosta Stal. Chester IX, 7 (Coll); Riverton VIII, 17 (Van D) ; this is probably the species listed as "retroversus Uhl.," in the last edition. D. affinis Baker. Monmouth Co., salt meadows, VII, 21, Anglesea VII, 12 (Coll). "D. virgulatus Uhler," is "Athysanus bicolor Van D." GONIOGNATHUS Fieb. G. palmer! Van D. Staten Island VI (Ds). Athysanini. ATHYSANUS Burm. A. striola Fall. Anglesea V, 20 (Sm). A. parallelus A^an D. Lahaway VII, 21 (Coll). A. exitiosus Uhl. (Limotettix) Newark, salt meadows IX, 1, James- burg VIII, 8 on cranberry bogs (Coll); Riverton IX, X (Jn). A. extrusus Van D. Madison VI, 16 (Pr) ; Overbrook V, 30 (Ds). A. anthracinus Van D. Staten Island VI, Jamesburg VII, 5 (Ds). A. plutonius Uhl. Madison VI, 16 (Pr). A. vaccini Van D. New Brunswick VII, 1 Jamesburg VII, Burlington Co. VIII, Anglesea V, 28; common on cranberry bogs, but apparently not injurious to the plants. This name replaces A. striatulus of the last edition. A. curtisii Fitch. Budds Lake IX, 13, Chester IX, 9 (Coll) ; Roselle VI, 28 (Brb) ; Cranford VIII, 27, Staten Island VI, 17 (Ds). A. bicolor Van D. (virgulatus Uhl.) "New Jersey" (Uhl). EUTETTIX Van D. E. subaenea Van D. "New Jersey" (Ball). var. picta Van D. Lakehurst VII, 7 (Dn). var. tristis Ball. Lakehurst VII, X (div). var. marmorata Van D. Burlington Co. VIII, 19 (Sm). var. southwickii Van D. Newfoundland VII, 29 (Ds). var. lurida Van D. New York to Maryland. E. johnsoni Van D. Chester VIII, 12 (Coll); Madison VI, 30 (Pr) ; Pali- sades IX, 22, Staten Island VII, VIII (Ds) ; Woodbine VIII, 21 (Van D). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 105 E. seminuda Say. Sure to occur in New Jersey. E. strobi Fitch. Jamesburg V, 25 (Ds). PHLEPSIUS Fieb. P. altus O & B. Woodbine VIII, 21 (Van D). P. excultus Uhl. New York to Florida, and doubtless in New Jersey. P. humidus Van D. "New Jersey" (Jn) ; Clifton VII, 3 (GG). P. truncatus Van D. Philadelphia (Jn). P. irroratus Say. Chester IX, 5, New Brunswick, Jamesburg X, 2, Lake- hurst VII, 7, Anglesea V, 20 (Coll) ; Staten Island VII, 9 (Ds). P. fuscipennis Van D. Newark IX, 1, Anglesea VI, VII, (Coll), on salt marshes. P. latifrons Van D. Almost sure to occur in New Jersey. P. fulvidorsum Fitch. Riverton IX, 11 (Jn) ; Burlington Co. VII (Sm). P. uhleri Van D. Jamesburg VII, 2 (Ds). P. majestus O & B. Anglesea (Ss). P. decorus O & B. "New Jersey" (Jn). ACINOPTERUS Van D. A. acuminatus Van D. Riverton VIII, 17 (Van D) ; Lakehurst VII, 12, VIII, 23 (div). SCAPHOIDEUS Uhl. S. immistus Say. New Brunswick VII, 20, Jamesburg VIII, 16, Lakehurst VII, 4 (Coll); Staten Island VIII, 2, Farmingdale VIII, 11 (Ds). var. major Osb. Lakehurst X, 18 (Ds). S. intricatus Uhl. "New Jersey" (Uhl). S. luteolus Van D. "New Jersey" (Van D). S. lobatus Van D. Madison VIII, 6 (Pr); Staten Island VIII, 7 (Ds). S. censors Uhl. Ranges from New York to Texas. S. jucundus Uhl. Staten Island VIII, 4 (Ds) ; Lahaway VII, 20, Lake- hurst VII, 7 (Coll). S. auronitens Prov. "New Jersey" (Coll); Cranford VIII, 27 (Ds). S. opalinus Osb. Riverton VIII, 17 (Van D). S. fasciatus Osb. Riverton VIII, 17 (Van D). S. sanctus Say. Riverton VIII, 17 (Van D). THAMNOTETTIX Zett. T. clitellaria Say. Throughout the State, common, V-X. T. kennicotti Uhl. Madison VIII, 6 (Pr); Staten Island X, 3 (Ds). T. fitchii Van D. Lahaway, Burlington Co., on cranberry bogs. 106 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. T. smith i Van D. "New Jersey" (Van D). T. melanogaster Prov. Have seen this from New Jersey (Van D). T. subcupreus Prov. Anglesea VIII, 23, Cape May VIII, 21 (Van D). T. perpunctata Van D. Wildwood (Jn, fide Van D). "Eburata Van D," is omitted as probably boreal only. There are, on the other hand, probably undescribed species in the collections from the salt marshes at Newark and from Anglesea. CHLOROTETTIX Van D. C. unicolor Fitch. Madison VII, 25 (Pr) ; salt meadows, VIII, 23, James- burg VII, 15 (Coll) ; Staten Island VI-VIII (Ds). C. viridia Van D. Cranford VIII, 27, Staten Island VIII, IX (Ds) ; New- ark IX, 1, New Brunswick VII, 20, Jamesburg VII, 15, Anglesea VI (Coll); Riverton X, 9 (Jn). C. tergata Fitch. Chester VIII, IX, Jamesburg, on cranberry bogs VIII, 8 (Coll); Cranford VIII, 27, Staten Island VII, VIII, Lakehurst IX, 12 (Ds). C. galbanata Van D. New York to North Carolina, and doubtless in New Jersey. Mr. Baker claims that this is really "unicolor Fitch," but Mr. Van Duzee does not agree. C. rugicollis Ball. Woodbine VIII, 21 (Van D). Jassini. JASSUS Fab. J. olitarius Say. Throughout the State VII-X, common. The name "bi- fasciatus Say," of the last edition, refers to the female of this species. NEOCOELIDIA G & B. M. tumidifrons G & B. Manasquan IX, 23, Lakehurst IX, 14 (Ds). Cicadulini. BALCLUTHA Kirk. (GNATHODUS Fieb.) B. punctatus Thunb. Cranford VIII, 27 (Ds) ; Lahaway V (Coll). B. impictus Van D. New Brunswick VII, 20, Lahaway VIII (Coll). EUGNATHODUS Baker. E. abdominalis Van D. New Brunswick VII, 20, Anglesea V, 20 (Coll). CICADULA Zett. C. sexnotata Fall. New Brunswick VII, 20, Monmouth Co., salt meadows VII, 31, Anglesea V, 21 (Coll) ; Woodbine VIII, 21, Anglesea VIII, 23 (Van D). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 107 C. variata Fall. Staten Island VIII, 17 (Ds) ; Anglesea VIII, 23 (Van D). C. punctifrons Fall., with its variety "repleta Fieb.," have not yet turned up, but will be found almost certainly. Sub-family TYPHLOCYBINY. ALEBRA Fieb. A. albostriella Fall. Common throughout the eastern United States. DICRANEURA Hardy. D. fieberi Low. "New Jersey" (Gillette). EMPOASCA Walsh. E. smaragdula Fall. Common to the eastern United States. E. fabae Harr. The bean leaf-hopper; occurs throughout the United States. E. mali LeB. The apple leaf-hopper; common and sometimes decidedly injurious throughout the State. Found on a great variety of plants other than apple, and very difficult to control. E. obtusa Walsh. New Brunswick VI, 9, VII, 20 (Coll). EUPTERYX Curtis. E. flavoscuta Gill. Quite sure to occur in New Jersey. TYPHLOCYBA Germ. T. tricincta Fitch. Will certainly be found in the State. T. comes Say. The grape leaf -hopper. Common and sometimes very in- jurious throughout the State, especially in the southern section. Sometimes, in September, the foliage is dead and dry from the attacks of this insect long before the fruit is mature. The varieties "vitis Harris" and "vitifex Fitch" occur with the type; the variety "basilaris Say" occurs at New Brunswick on elm. T. vulnerata Fitch. United States generally; the variety "niger Gill.," has been taken at Chester, IX, 9 (Dn). T. obliqua Say. Sure to occur in New Jersey. T. querci Fitch. New Brunswick VII, 20 (Coll). T. trifasciata Say. Riverton (Jn). T. bifasciata G & B. New Brunswick VIII, 24 (Coll). T. rosae. Linn. The common rose leaf-hopper, which occurs abundantly throughout the State. REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Family PSYLLID'yE. Commonly known as "jumping plant lice" from their active habits, but really resemble much more closely a miniature Cicada in appearance. Both pairs of wings are transparent as a rule and the antennae are quite long, thus differing from the leaf and tree-hoppers to which in some other respects they are similar. Some of the species produce galls, while others feed exposed on the foliage. Our only injurious species is the "pear psylla," which not only punctures the leaf and fruit stalk, exhausting the juices, but also excretes a honey dew in such great quantity as to coat the leaves and form a foundation for the de- velopment of a black fungus that covers both leaves and fruit and checks development. The insect hiber- Fig. 39. Pear psylla; nates as an adult in bark crevices and under bud winged adult; scales, and a thorough spraying just before the buds enlarged. open, with one of the miscible oils diluted no more than nine times, will kill most of the specimens in their winter quarters. Summer applications are not nearly so effective, because the young are often cov- ered by a frothy secretion and the adults fly readily to avoid the spray; but a strong kerosene emulsion is sometimes a great help in reducing numbers. There has been little collecting in this family since the last edition was published and the present list stands now much as it did then, as Mr. Schwarz \ Fig. 40. Appendiculate eggs of Psylla; much left enlarged. Sub-family LIVIA Latr. L. maculipennis Fitch. Staten Island VI, 13, Jamesburg VII, 13 (Ds). L. vernalis Fitch. Common throughout the eastern United States on Juncus sp.; imago in winter on pine trees. Sut>family APHALARIN^E. PSYLLOPSIS Loew. P. fraxinicola Forst. Atlantic City on "Fraxinus excelsior" (C V. R). Imported from Europe and quite injurious to ash trees (Sz). APHALARA Forst. A. calthea Linn. New Brunswick VII, 27 (Sm), on "Polygonum hydro- piper" (Sz). A. sp. nov. Sz. Anglesea V, 28 (Sm), on Solidago throughout the State (Sz). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. log Sub-family CALOPHYA Liv. C. nigripennis Riley. Common on sumach, "Rhus copalina," throughout the State; Anglesea V, 28. C. flavida Sz. Found only on the smooth-leaved sumac, "Rhus glabra"; also common. PSYLLA Geoffr. Fig. 41. Pear psylla; pupa from above; much enlarged. Fig. 42. Pear psylla; pupa from below ; much enlarged. P. annulata Fitch. Sure to occur in New Jersey. P. carpi na Fitch. Common on Carpinus in New York, and probably in New Jersey. P. buxi Linn. An imported species on "Buxus sempervirens," which has been found in Jersey City. P. pyricola Forst. Throughout the State but more abundant in the south- ern counties. This is the "pear psylla," and its injuries are very local though sometimes severe. PACHYPSYLLA Riley. P. celtidis-mamma Riley. Makes leaf galls on "Celtis," in New Jersey (Bt). P. celtidis-cucurbita Riley. Also a common gall-maker on "Celtis" (Bt). P. celtidis-vesiculum Riley. Found with the preceding (Bt). P. venusta O. S. Paterson III, 25 (Coll); makes galls on the leaf petioles of hackberry in New Jersey (Bt). P. celtidis-gemma Riley. Locally common in New Jersey, making galls on the twigs of Celtis. no REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Sub-family TR1OZA Forst. T. diospyri Ashm. Anglesea V, 28 (Sm); common on persimmon every- where (Sz). T. tripunctata Fitch. Staten Island X, 31 (Ds) ; Anglesea V, 28 (Sm); common, the imago frequently met with in winter on pine trees (Sz). Family APHIDID^E. The "plant-lice," "green-flies" or "aphids" are among the commonest and most abundant of all our insects, and also among the most destructive. They have, when winged, two pairs of transparent wings, the anterior much the larger; but some species and some forms of nearly all species never develop wings at all. The bodies are plump, oval, with usually a pair of "honey tubes" or "cornicles" near the anal end, a pair of long antennae and rather long sprawly legs. They frequently cluster in great numbers about twigs or shoots of plants or on the under surface of leaves, sucking the juices and excreting from the anal end a thin sugary liquid, the honey dew. This honey dew when present in quantity tends to choke the leaves upon which it falls, and that tendency is furthered by a black soot fungus which develops on the honey dew and disfigures and some- times checks the growth of fruits as well as leaves. Fig. 43/ Wheat plant louse; much enlarged. The life history of the species is interesting and sometimes compli- cated; but briefly stated is generally about as follows: They winter as THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. in Fig. 44. Eggs of apple plant louse; very much enlarged. ii2 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. eggs, from which in spring hatch wingless forms which, in a few days, give birth to living young resembling the parents, and, like them, vivip- arous, i. e., giving birth to live young, and parthenogenetic, i. e., neither male nor female. These young are in turn ready to reproduce in a few days, and give birth to anywhere from 4 to 8 daily, according to condi- tions. Some time during the early summer winged individuals are pro- duced and these fly to other localities or other food-plants, thus spread- ing the species. They also are parthenogenetic and usually viviparous, and found colonies wherever they alight, the progeny being winged or wingless or some of each sort. In the fall, when sap ceases to run and food becomes scarce, sexed individuals, male and female, are produced, and these copulate, the female laying the winter eggs. There are numer- ous modifications of this life history; but in a general way it applies to a large percentage of the species. Some species have alternate food-plants; i. e., they feed upon one plant late in fall and early spring, using it to winter upon, while in summer they fly to some annual like the melon or hop that dies down completely in fall and renders migration to the winter plants necessary again in late summer or fall. The spring migrations usually occur in June and the air is then sometimes apparently alive with these minute flying lice. The rate of increase among these insects is such that, were it not for the numerous natural checks, they would soon destroy every particle of plant life which they are able to feed upon. Remedial measures are, winter pruning where eggs are noticed in large numbers, the cuttings to be burnt; application of contact insecticides early in the season to destroy the stem-mothers ; application of contact insecticides at any time when the insects are noticed, keeping in mind at all times that it is easier to kill a few than to reach a great many, espe- cially if they feed so as to distort the leaves or curl them up into shelters not easily penetrated by insecticides. Indoors the pyrethrum, dry or in the form of decoction, is a favorite and effective remedy. In the field, garden or greehouse, tobacco decoction, whale-oil soap or kerosene emul- sions are used. Soluble or miscible oils are not safe for summer use at effective strengths. Whale-oil soaps are used at from 1 pound to 4 to 6 gallons of water, according to the species to be reached. Kerosene emul- sion is used diluted with from 10 to 15 times its bulk of water, the green lice being most easily destroyed in all cases and the black lice the most resistant. Tobacco decoctions, home-made and commercial, are also used, and some of the commercial preparations are more effective than the home- made mixtures. Whatever mixtures are used thoroughness in application is always essential. All these mentioned are contact poisons and of no effect unless actually brought into direct touch with the specimens. Therefore it re- quires not only a proper nozzle to make a fine spray, but also a sufficient amount of force to drive this spray to the specimens. Under some circumstances even cold water will kill plant lice, and a cold storm in middle or late June will play havoc with the migrating THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 113 forms and may practically exempt an alternate food-plant for the season. Little systematic collecting has been done in New Jersey in this family, and the list here follows Mr. W. D. Hunter's Catalogue of 1901 as pub- lished in Bull. 60 of the Iowa Agricultural College Experiment Station. It is probable that numerous additions will be made when our fauna has been more thoroughly studied. Sub-family RHIZOBIIN^;. All the members of this sub-family occur on the roots of plants. TYCHEA Koch. T. brevicornis Hart. Chester VIII, 5, on roots of lettuce (Marsh). RHIZOBIUS Burm. R. lactucaa Fitch. The common lettuce-root louse; found locally in- jurious. Sub-family CHERMAPHIN^. PHYLLOXERA Fonsc. Fig. 45. Grape leaf infested by Phylloxera. P. caryas-caulis Fitch. Common; making galls on twigs and leaf stalks of hickory in New Jersey (Bt). 8 IN ii4 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. P. caryae-foliae Fitch. Makes galls on leaves of hickory; common throughout the Watchung Mts. P. caryae-venae Fitch. Forms pleats or galls along the veins or ribs of hickory leaves; sometimes locally common. P. vastatrix Planch. The grape Phylloxera; occurs throughout the State, but nowhere in destructive form. The other names occurring in the previous edition do not appear to be sanctioned by description, and are therefore omitted. It is certain, how- ever, that there are several additional species in the State. CHERMAPHIS Mask. (CHERMES.) C. abieticolens Thos. Edgewood (U S Ag) ; found locally on spruce. C. laricifolise Fitch. Common locally on American larch or tamarack. C. pinicorticis Fitch. Jamesburg (Coll), and throughout the pine bar- rens; sometimes quite common. Sub-family PEMPHIGIN^. TETRANEURA Hartig. T. ulmi DeG. "Under side of leaves' of European and American elms. HORMAPHIS O. S. H. hamamelidis Fitch. Makes galls on leaves of witch hazel, N. J. (Bt). H. spinosus Shimer. Makes gall on fruit buds of witch hazel, N. J. (Bt). PEMPHIGUS Hartig. P. acerifolii Riley. Found throughout the State on the underside of maple leaves, and sometimes abundant at New Brunswick. P. imbricator Fitch. Occurs on the leaves of beech, and is the "Schi- zoneura imbricator" of the previous edition. P. populicaulis Fitch. Makes galls at junction of stem and leaf of "Popu- lus monilifera," Passaic (Bt) ; also elsewhere in State. P. populiglobuli Fitch. Also found on "Populus" at Passaic (Bt). P. populivenae Fitch. Makes galls on veins of poplar leaves. P. rhois Fitch. Common on leaves of sumac (Bt) ; throughout the State (Sm); Caldwell (U S Ag). P. tessellata Fitch. The "alder blight." Sometimes very common locally, in September and October, forming conspicuous masses. P. vagabundus Walsh. Sometimes locally common on poplar. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. Sub-family COLOPHA Monell. C. ulmicola Fitch. Makes the well- known cockscomb gall on elm; locally and seasonally common throughout the State. SCHIZONEURA Hartig. S. corni Fabr. A woolly louse on various species of dogwood, but also found on a variety of grasses and other plants. S. lanigera Hausm. The "woolly apple-louse." More or less com- mon throughout the State, but never really injurious. It forms galls on roots, and clusters in masses about wounds on the trunk and branches. In the latter condi- tion it is easily reached by the kerosene emulsion. Root treat- ments have not hitherto been necessary in New Jersey. Occurs also on other plants and trees, and is the "ameri- cana" of the last edition. S. rileyi Thos. (ulmi Riley.) A woolly louse on American elm. Fig. 46 .Woolly apple louse; injury to the, roots is shown at a; adult at c, showing the woolly fibres, much enlarged. Sub-family PHYLLAPHIS Koch. P. fagi Linn. Trenton (U S. Ag) ; on beech. LACHNUS Burm. L. abietis Fitch. Occurs on spruce in the Appalachian and Highlands areas. L. alnifoliae Fitch. Occurs on leaves of alder. L. laricifex Fitch. Occurs on the American larch or tamarack. L. quercifoliae Fitch. On the leaves of oak. L. salicelis Fitch. Found locally on willows. L. strobi Fitch. A feeder on white pine; sometimes locally common. n6 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. LONGISTIGMA Wilson. L. caryae Harr. Locally common on hickory, walnut, linden, etc., and accused of killing trees in some instances. S'ub-family CLADOBIUS Koch. (MELANOXANTHUS.) C. saliciti Harr. Occurs on willow, poplar, maple, etc.; sometimes com- mon at New Brunswick late in the season, the relatively large winter eggs attracting attention. "Salicicola Uhler" of the last edition is the same. CHAITOPHORUS Koch. C. aceris Linn. A common species on maple; sometimes seriously in- jurious to Norway maples in early summer. C. negundinis Thos. Found infesting box elder. C. pinicolens Fitch. Feeds upon pine. C. populifoliae Fitch. On leaves of poplar. The New Jersey species found on poplar have not been determined. C. viminalis Monell. On willow, poplar and maple; locally common. CALLIPTERUS Koch. C. asclepiadis Monell. A common species on milkweeds. C. bell us Walsh. Infests red and other oaks. C. betulaecolens Fitch. A species of wide distribution on birch. C. caryss Monell. Found on hickory and walnut. C. castaneae Fitch. On leaves of the American chestnut. C. discolor Monell. A feeder on oak. There are several species of this genus that occur on oak, and our forms have not been determined. C. trifolii Monell. One of the clover-leaf plant-lice. C. ulmifolli Monell. On leaves of the American elm. MONELLIA Oestl. M. caryella Fitch. A species of wide distribution on hickory. DREPANOSIPHUM Koch. D. acerifolii Thos. A species of wide distribution on maple; common in New Jersey on the soft maple. HYALOPTERIS Koch. H. arundinis Fab. River Edge, Newark, Vineland (U S Ag) ; a common species on prune and plum. Is the "pruni" of last edition. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 117 APHIS Linn. A. ambrosia Raf. On the various species of ragweed. A. asclepiadis Fitch. Occurs on various species of milkweeds. A. brassicae Linn. The common cabbage plant-louse. Occurs throughout the State and often in destructive numbers. A. cerasifoliae Fitch. Common on wild cherry in Hunterdon Co. (Sm). A. cornifoliae Fitch. On the leaves of dogwood and "Cratsegus." A. gossypi Glover. The melon-plant louse: occurs throughout the State, but much more commonly in the southern counties, where it often destroys entire crops. It occurs also on a great variety of weedy plants on which it passes the winter, migrating to the melon fields in June. In ordinary seasons only a few hills in a field become in- fested in that month, and from these the spread is in every direction. Covering these hills with tight boxes, tubs or hay caps, and evap- orating beneath them carbon bisulphide at the rate of 1 tablespoon- ful to every cubic foot of space will often check the spread of the species over the field and save the crop. Once they are generally distributed the whale-oil soap is the only satisfactory remedy. A. forbesi Weed. The strawberry-root louse. Locally and seasonally common in the light sandy soils of southern New Jersey, and rarely injurious. In the more northern parts almost entirely absent. A. maidis Fitch. The corn-plant louse. Sometimes quite plentiful, but not injurious in New Jersey. A. maidiradicis Forbes. The corn-root louse. A very destructive species in the middle west, but in New Jersey of only occasional occurrence. Found also on the roots of a variety of weedy plants and attended by ants that care for the winter eggs and colonize the young on proper plants in spring. A. mali Fabr. The apple-plant louse. Occurs throughout the State, some- times in great numbers, causing serious injury. Spray very early when this species is noticed in numbers, to kill off the stem-mothers and their first brood before they cripple the leaves so as to serve as shelters. "Malifoliee" is now considered a form of this species. A. persicae-niger E. F. Smith. The black-peach louse. Plentiful through- out the State south of the Piedmont plain and most abundant in the lighter sandy soils where the root form often does serious injury to young trees. On the Piedmont plain and northward it is rare and never injurious. Tobacco dust worked in a trench over the roots around the tree is more or less satisfactorily used as a remedy. A. prunicola Kalt. Newark, Vineland (U S Ag) ; on plum. A. prunifoliae Fitch. A widely-distributed species on plum. A. quercifoliae Walsh. Feeds on oak, soft maple and button ball. A. rumicis Linn. The bean-plant louse. Generally distributed, some- times common, but never, in my experience, injurious in New Jersey. n8 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. SIPHOCORYNE Passerini. S. salicis Monell. Occurs on various species of willow. RHOPALOSIPHUM Koch. R. berberidis Fitch. Feeds on barberry. R. dianthi Schrank. Kinkora (U S Ag). On pinks, carnations and ger- man ivy. In greehouses throughout the State. R. rhois Monell. A feeder on sumac. R. solani Thos. Tomato-plant louse; sometimes does serious injury in parts of Salem and Gloucester Counties (Sm). R. violas Pergande. On violets in greehouses throughout the State. MYZUS Passerini. M. cerasi Fabr. Very abundant throughout the State on cherry and sometimes does severe injury. This is one of the black lice, very resistant to ordinary sprays, and best dealt with in late September when the sexed forms appear. M. mahaleb Fonsc. On plum, and a great variety of other plants. M. persicse Sulz. The green-peach louse. Throughout the State, but never in harmful numbers so far as I am aware. M. ribis Linn. Occurs throughout the State on currant. Causes a dis- tortion and reddish discoloration of the leaf which is sometimes quite conspicuous and occasionally injurious. PHORODON Passerini. P. humuli Schrank. The hop-plant louse. Throughout the northern part of the State wherever hops are grown, and reported also at Freehold (U S Ag). The winter food is plum and only the summer forms occur on hop. NECTAROPHORA Oestl. N. avenas Fabr. (granaria Kirby.) The wheat-louse. Occurs throughout the State, and, in the southern counties, sometimes in destructive numbers. Ordinarily kept in check by its natural nemies, and when it does occur in numbers insecticide applications are generally im- practicable. N. cucurbitae Thos. On squash and pumpkins. Sometimes rather abund- ant late in the season, but never in harmful numbers. N. fragariae Koch, var. immaculata Riley. On leaves of strawberry. N. lactucae Kalt. Lettuce-plant louse. N. pisi Kalt. (destructor Johns.) The pea-louse. Throughout the State south of the Piedmont plain, and seasonally common and destructive. Less abundant in the more northern counties. N. rosae Linn. Throughout the State on rose; often common and injuri- ous. Tobacco decoction is, on the whole, the most effective material against this species. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 119 N. rubi Kalt. A blackberry-plant louse which I have seen abundantly at Hammonton, and occasionally in smaller numbers elsewhere in the State. N. liriodendri Monell. Sometimes common on leaves of tulip trees. In harmful numbers at Vineland in 1899. N. rudbeckias Fitch. Occurs commonly on ragweed, golden-rod and other plants. N. viticola Thos. Montclair, Perth Amboy (U S Ag), and generally throughout the State on grape. Family ALEYRODID^. This little family, popularly known as "white flies," contains only a few small species in New Jersey, and most of these are of practically no im- portance except on plants under glass. "White flies" are dangerous pests in Florida and California on citrus plants, and occur in numbers in warmer countries generally. They somewhat resemble plant lice in appearance, but are covered with a fine whitish powder or flour. In the larval stage they somewhat resemble scales, but as adults both sexes have four well- developed wings. In the last edition only three species were listed, and very little collect- ing has been done to increase this number in New Jersey; but Dr. W. E. Britton, of Connecticut, has recently devoted considerable time to the study of these little creatures, and he has been good enough to prepare the following list of species, which he thinks will certainly be found in our territory when properly sought for. ALEYRODES Latr. A. abutilonea Hald. Infests "Abutilon avicennae" in Pennsylvania and should be found in New Jersey. A. acteae Britton. Described from Connecticut on baneberry, "Actea alba" (W. E. B.), and will prob- ably OCCUr in New Jer- Fig " 47-Aleyrodes citri with wings spread at a, and in natural position at b; much enlarged. sey. A. coryli Britton. Described from Connecticut, where it occurs through- out the State; locally common on hazel nut and occasional on black- berry (W. E. B.). Should occur in New Jersey. A. corni Hald. On "Cornus sericea" in Pennsylvania, and should be found in New Jersey. A. fernaldi Morrill. Massachusetts and Connecticut on Spiraea. A. forbesi Ashm. (aceris Forbes.) Massachusetts to Illinois, on silver maple (W. E. B.), and should occur in New Jersey. 120 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. A. morrilli Britton. Connecticut and New York; locally very abundant on "Impatiens fulva" (W. E. B.), and will probably be found in New Jersey. A. mori Quaintance var. maculata Morrill. Massachusetts and Connecti- cut, on ash, hornbeam, catalpa and hackberry, a'nd should occur in New Jersey (W. E. B.). A. packard i Morrill. Massachusetts, Connecticut and probably through- out the eastern United States on strawberry (W. E. B.). A. vaporarium West. The "white fly" or plant-house "Aleyrodes." A common pest of green-houses throughout the State. "It has been found on over sixty different kinds of plants, but is especially in- jurious to tomato, melon, cucumber, ageratum lantana, fuchsia and heliotrope when grown under glass" (W. E. B.). A. waldeni Britton. Described from Connecticut, but will probably be found in New Jersey. Occurs sparingly, but widely scattered, on leaves of "Juglans cinerea" and "nigra" (W. E. B.). The "A. brassicaa Wlk." of the previous edition is probably not found in America at all. Family COCCIDvE. These are the "scale insects," broadly speaking, characterized by a degraded, larva-like form in the female, and by the presence of a single pair of wings only in the male. The latter is further peculiar in having a complete metamorphosis, a long anal style or filament and an extra pair of eyes replacing the mouth, which, in this sex, is not used at all for feeding purposes. There r are several sub-families, differing much in habit and structure, but in New Jersey we need refer to only three main series, the "mealy bugs," included in the "Dactylopinae" ; the "soft scales," included in the "Coccinae," and the "armored scales," included in the "Diaspinse." In the "Ortheziinee" we have no out-door species. In the "Dactylopinaa" there are the ordinary "mealy bugs" of the green-house, having no sort of pro- tective covering, and therefore easily reached by penetrating contact in- secticides; the species, of "Phenacoccus" and allies, which have long waxy filamentous secretions, partly or wholly covering the insects at cer- tain seasons; and the species of "Kermes," occurring mostly on oak, which have no powdery or filamentous covering. The species of "Phenacoccus" may be reached during the winter by diluted oil mixtures, and in sum- mer, when massed, may be often destroyed on shade trees by solid jets of water. The soft scales are species of usually considerable size, waxy surface texture, and more or less convex form. The "scale" is merely the thick- ened surface of the insect itself, and not a separate or separable structure. These insects are not easily reached by insecticides, except in the larval stage, and we have several of them that are more or less troublesome, Fig. 48. A soft scale; adult females. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. I 2 \ notably the "cottony maple scale," the "tulip soft scale" and the "terra- pin scale" of peach. The armored scales are usually small in size, and the scale, although excreted by the insect, forms no part of it, and may be removed without necessarily injuring the creature covered by it. In this series are our most destructive species and those most difficult to deal with. Some of these scales are oviparous, laying eggs which winter under the protection of the scale; others are viviparous, wintering in the partly grown condi< tion. The "San Jose Scale" is an example of a viviparous form, and this may be reached in winter when the plants are dormant by caustics, like the lime and sulphur washes, or by penetrants, like the oil emulsions or soluble oils. The oviparous forms, like the "oyster shell scale" and "scurfy scale," cannot be satisfactorily reached in winter, but must be dealt with when the young larvae are moving in spring. At that time soap mixtures Fig. 49. Development of an armored scale: a, active larva with lancets extended; b, somewhat contracted, with waxy filaments ready to run together; d, first scale just formed, from above and side; all much enlarged. or oil emulsions of moderate strength thoroughly applied produce good results. It is practically impossible to go into details of treatment here, because each species must be dealt with according to its own peculiarities. The scale fauna of the State is not well known. No collectors have devoted themselves specifically to this family, and the records of the office deal mostly with the common orchard species. In compiling this J22 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. list I have in general followed the excellent catalogue prepared by Mrs. M. E. Fernald, and published as a special bulletin of the Hatch Experi- ment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. Dr. W. E. Britton, of the Connecticut Station, who has paid much attention to the scale insects in this section of the country, and who has especially collected the species found in greehouses and on ornamental plants, has been good enough to supply me with a series of notes indi- cating those species which from his experience he feels certain will occur in New Jersey. Quite a number of these species are confined to green- house plants and are unable to maintain themselves outdoors, hence, strictly speaking, they are not a part of the New Jersey fauna. They have been included, however, as matter of information and to call atten- tion to them. Sub-family ORTHEZIIN^E. 1 ORTHEZiA Bosc. O. insignis Dougl. The common greenhouse- "Orthezia" occurring on a great variety of ornamentals, as well as on strawberry, tomato and other cultural plants. Not found in the fields. Sub-family DACTYLOPIN^. ASTEROLECANIUM Targ. A. quercicola Bouche. On various species of oak throughout the State, usually on single trees, and never abundant enough to be harmful. Easily recognized by its circular form and golden color. KERMES Boit. K. andrei King. On oak from Massachusetts to Georgia. K. galliformis Riley. On oak. Recorded from New Jersey by Fernald. K. kingii Ckll. On red oak Cockerell believes it occurs in New Jersey. K. pettiti Ehrh. Mass, and N. Y. on oak, and should occur in New Jersey. K. pubescens Bogue. Lakehurst on oak (Ds). K. quercus Linn. Widely distributed on oak. K. trinotatus Bogue. Recorded from New Jersey. GOSSYPARIA Sign. G. spuria Mod. Local on elm throughout the State; never common nor really injurious. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. ERIOCOCCUS Targ. E. azaleae Cornst. Found on Cratsegus, Rhododendron and Azalea. PHENACOCCUS Ckll. 123 Fig. 50. Phenacoccus acericola: a, the cottony masses covering adult females on leaf; b, young females and males on the bark; natural size. P. acericola King. The maple false scale. Referred to as "Pseudococcus aceris" in the last edition and in economic publications. Locally common on sugar maple, often massing on the trunks in dense clumps and sometimes causing serious injury. In cities and towns where water pressure is available, turning on a solid jet from the hose at short range serves to destroy many of the insects. P. americanse King & Ckll. Found in the nest of the ants "Lasius ameri- canus." i2 4 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. PSEUDOCOCCUS Westw. P. citri Risso. Common mealy bug. Found in greenhouses throughout the State and on a great variety of plants, cultural and ornamental. Soap mixtures are usually found successful against these insects, but must be frequently applied until the species is gotten under control. D. longispinus Targ. Another common mealy bug, the "adonidum," of the last edition. Occurs on ferns, cycas and other greenhouse plants. D. sorghiellus Forbes. Feeds on sorghum and also found in the nests of ants of varioiis species of "Lasius." D. trifolii Forbes. Clover root mealy bug; sometimes abundant enough to be injurious. Sub-family PULVINARIA Targ. Fig. 51. Cottony maple scales: a, Piilvinaria acericola on leaf; b, P. innumerabilis on the twigs. P. acericola Walsh & Riley. A cottony scale on maple leaves; not really common in New Jersey, but g. d. P. innumerabilis Rathv. The "cottony maple scale." Occurs throughout the State, chiefly on soft maple, but also on grape and Virginia creeper. Found chiefly on twigs and branches and sometimes seriously injurious to shade trees. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 125 COCCUS Linn. C. hesperidum Linn. The commonest of the larger brown, soft scales. Found on "Oleanders" and on many greenhouse plants everywhere. Not an out-door species in New Jersey. C. longulus Dougl. Another common species in greehouses. Infests palms, ferns, "Acacia," "Myrica," "Citrus," &c. EULEUCANIUM Ckll. E. armeniacum Craw. The apricot scale; found also on plum, pear, cherry, peach, &c., but not abundantly enough to be injurious. E. canadense Ckll. Massachusetts to Ohio on elm, maple, oak, hickory and peach, and should be found in New Jersey. E. caryae Fitch. Found on hickory, elm, wild cherry, &c. E. cerasifex Fitch. New York plum scale. On cherry, plum, peach, apple, pear, &c.; not common nor injurious in New Jersey. E. corylifex Fitch. On "Corylus" and "Viburnum." E. cynosbati Fitch. On gooseberry and "Gleditschia." E. fitchii Sign. Found in New York on raspberry and blackberry. E. fletcheri Ckll. On "Arbor vitae" in N. Y. and Mass., and probably New Jersey. E. juglandifex Fitch. The butternut scale. E. kingii Ckll. On sassafras and Vaccinium corymbosum in Mass, and Conn. E. juglandis Bouche. Not rare locally, but never really injurious in New Jersey. E. lintneri Ckll. & Benn. On sassafras in N. Y. and probably in New Jersey. E. nigrofasciatum Perg. The "terrapin scale." Common and injurious on peach in certain sections of Cumberland County; local and rare elsewhere in the State. E. persicae Fabr. The "peach scale." Local and not common. Found also on plum, quince, gooseberry, grape, rose and other plants. E. pruinosum Coq. The "frosted scale." Infests a great variety of orchard and forest trees. E. prunastri Fonsc. New York and probably New Jersey on plum and peach. E. pyri Schr. On pear, apple, hickory and white thorn. E. quercifex Fitch. On oak, New York, Mass., and probably New Jersey. E. quercicitronis Fitch. Widely distributed on oak, elm, ironwood, chest- nut, &c. 126 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. E. ribis Pitch. The "currant scale." Found on currant, gooseberry, mul- berry, &c. E. tiilipiferae Cook. Throughout the State on the tulip tree and some- times in harmful numbers. The largest and most offensive of the soft scales in our State. SAISSETIA Depl. '*. Fig. 52. Cottony maple scale: a, leaf covered with young scales; b, male scale; c, adult male; b and c much enlarged. S. filicum Bdv. Common on ferns in greehouses. S. hemisphaerica Targ. Common on palms, ferns and other greenhouse plants and often very injurious. Sub-family CHIONASPIS Sign. C. americana Johns. The "elm tree white scale" Chatham IV, 29 (Brit- ton). Found throughout the eastern and central United States on American and other elms. C. caryae Cooley. Connecticut to District of Columbia on hickory. C. corni Cooley. On dogwood. I have seen what I take to be this species on several occasions in Middlesex and Mercer Counties. E. euonymi Comst. Common throughout the State on "Euonymus," and sometimes destructive. Also taken on "Celastrus scandens." THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 127 Fig- 53- Scurfy scale, Chionaspis *furfurus, a, twig infested by female; b, by male scales; c, female; d, male scale; much enlarged. C. furfurus Fitch. The "scurfy scale" or "Harris louse." On orchard trees, chiefly apple and pear, throughout the State, and sometimes de- structive. Also occurs on poplar and other shade trees; rarely in troublesome numbers. C. lintneri Comst. Locally com- mon on alder in neighbor- ing States and probably in New Jersey. C. ortholobis Comst. Mass, to Ohio and probably New Jer- sey, on poplar and willow. C. pinifoliae Fitch. Not uncom- mon on pine trees through- out the State, and sometimes locally abundant. C. salicis-nigrae Walsh. A common willow scale found at New Bruns- wick and elsewhere in the State. Occurs also on poplar, tulip tree, dog-wood, etc. C. spartinae Comst. Found on the salt marsh grass, "Spartina stricta." DIASPIS Costa. D. boisduvalii Sign. A hot-house scale found on palms, Acacia and other ornamental plants. D. bromeliae Kern. Massachusets to District of Columbia on various green-house plants. D. carueli Targ. A Juniper scale. Found occasionally in nurseries, and no doubt distributed by them throughout the State, principally on the trailing variety. D. juniper! Bouche. Another Juniper scale, but also found on arbor vitae in nurseries. D. echinocacti Bouche, var. cacti Comst. A common green-house scale. AULACASPIS Ckll. A. pentagona Targ. The "West India peach scale." Has occurred sparingly on young peach trees in South Jersey, but seems not to do well. The scale is a very destructive one where it thrives. A. rosae Bouche. The "Rose Scale." Throughout the State. Thrives best on plants growing in the shade. Also attacks blackberry and raspberry; sometimes in destructive numbers. PINNASPIS Ckll. P. buxi Bouche. On boxwood. I have seen this on some old nursery stock, and on one occasion in Burlington County on an old hedge. i28 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. FIORINIA Targ. F. florin iae Targ. A common green-house scale on many different kinds of plants. EPIDIASPIS Ckll. E. piricola Del Guer. The "European pear scale." Has been introduced on European nursery stock, but has not established itself as an in- jurious species. ASPIDIOTUS Bouche. A. abietis Schr. Burlington County, on pine. Occurs also on fir and hem- lock. A. ancylus Putn. On apple throughout the State; usually on young trees; never troublesome; infests also a variety of other trees. A. comstocki Johns. Infests maple trees. A. cyanophylli Sign. A common green-house pest on palms, orchids, etc. A. forbesi Johns. The "cherry scale." Not uncommon in parts of Bur- lington County and occasional elsewhere in the State. Infests also apple, pear, quince, currant, etc., but thus far not really injurious. A. hederse Vail, (nerii Bouche.) The Oleander scale. Infests almost every Oleander I have seen, and occurs also on ivy, holly, box, and many other garden plants. A. juglans-regiae Comst. Throughout the eastern United States, on wal- nut, locust, maple and a number of orchard trees. A. ostreaeformis Curt. Has been found in New Jersey on pear, but occurs also on most other orchard and many forest trees. 7 Fig. 54. a, larva of pernicious scale; b, its antenna; c, adult female showing embryos through body wall; d, tip of anal plate of female; all greatly enlarged. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 129 A. perniciosus Comst. The "pernicious" or "San Jose Scale." Occurs throughout the State on all orchard trees save certain cherries, and also on some shade trees. The most abundant and destructive of all our species. A. rapax Comst. The "greedy scale." Occasional on walnut, but occurs also on a variety of other trees. A. ulmi Johns. Found on the smooth inner bark of the trunk oi" the elm under the upturned edges of the rough or outer bark (W E B). A. uvae Comst. The "grape scale." Have taken this at Egg Harbor. A. oxycoccus Woglum. Described from New Jersey on cranberry. CHRYSOMPHALUS Ashm. C. aonidum Linn, (ficus Ashm.) In green-houses on palms and rubber plants. C. aurantii Mask. Red scale of California, occasionally found on green- house plants. C. dictyospermi Morgan. On palms in green-houses; sometimes quite a pest. C. obscurus Comst. On willow-oak, eastern United States generally. C. tenebricosus Comst. The "Gloomy Scale." On red maple, District of Columbia and probably New Jersey. LEPIDOSAPHIS Schimer. Fig- 55- Oyster shell bark louse, Lepidosafliis ulmi: a, female scale from beneath, filled with eggs; b, same from above; c, twig infested with female scales; d, male scale and a twig infested by them; scales greatly enlarged. 9 IN 130 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. L. gloverii Pack. Elizabeth (U S Ag). Occurs on magnolia and also in green-houses, on all sorts of Citrus plants. L. beckii Newm. (citricola Pack.) Purple scale. Found commonly on oranges and lemons in market, and in green-houses. L. ulmi Linn. The common "oyster-shell scale," listed as "Mytilaspis pomorum Bouche" in the previous edition, and so referred to in the publications of the Experiment Station. Infests a great variety of orchard, forest and shade trees throughout the State and is some- times destructive to orchard, shade and forest trees. L. neusteadi Sulc. A Japanese species introduced on nursery stock, in- festing the conifer "Sciotopitys verticillata." ISCHNASPIS Douglas. I. longirostris Sign. Occurs on palms in green-houses, Conn, to D. C. PARLATORIA Targ. P. pergandii Comst. The "Chaff" scale. On Citrus plants in green- houses. Order HEM1PTERA. These are the true "bugs," or "half-winged" insects so termed, because the fore-wings have the base thickened and the tips membraneous. The same character also gives them the name Heteroptera or different winged, and not infrequently the two are combined into Hemiptera- Heteropteia as against the Hemiptera-Homoptera. In this series the beak is always more free and the head more mobile than in the Homop- tera, and in many cases the beak can be projected straight forward like a snout. The number of visible joints in the rostrum varies, the ap- parently three-jointed forms with short, thick rostrse, being usually preda- tory, while those which have it four-jointed, long and slender, are more generally plant feeders, but there are numerous exceptions. The trans- formations are always incomplete and feeding is always done, in all stages, by piercing and sucking, whether of plant or animal tissues. In the species in which the beak is long and four-jointed it often bends in the middle when the insect is feeding, the lancets only being inserted and the terminal joint of the beak serving to steady and guide. Many injurious and some destructive species are found in this order in which, by the bye, many have peculiar and disagreeable odors. Since the publication of the last edition our knowledge of this order has increased greatly and the classification has been materially changed, while still greater modifications are proposed. Mr. J. R. de la Torre Bueno, who is one of the younger students, has very kindly suggested the present arrangement along very conservative lines, and he has added much information and many records to the list. In fact, as it stands, it is really his list with other records added, except in the Capsidse, or, as they are known, the Miridas, in which Mr. Otto Heidemann has again arranged the series for me. Mr. H. G. Barber, of Roselle Park, New Jer- sey, has also been good enough to look over the list critically, and he has corrected many of the Paulmier records of the previous edition, the collection of that gentleman having come into Mr. Barber's hands after the death of its maker. Quite a number of Uhler manuscript names have been omitted, and, although over 100 names have been added, the number of species not authenticated by actual records is lessened rather than increased. About 400 species are here listed. Mr. Bueno thinks that at least 500 occur in the State, and this leaves plenty of opportunity for additional work by collectors. 132 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Division TROCHALOPODA. Super-family CIMICOIDEA. Family PENTATOMID^. These are the "shield bugs"; medium to large-sized species as a rule, rarely small, with more or less enlarged scutel covering a considerable part of the upper surface. Their habits vary, some of them are predatory, a few feed indifferently on plant or insect tissue, the majority are plant feeders, and, as a whole, to be accounted injurious. " * Sub-family SCUTELI,ERIN^. Fig. 56. A Penta- tomid and its beak. Large, often bright-colored, very convex species in which the scutel is so enormous as to cover almost the entire abdomen. TETYRA Fab. T. bipunctata H. S. Lakehurst IV-IX (div); DaCosta VI, 3 (Dke) ; Browns Mills V, VI (div). Sometimes found on young shoots of old pines, but is especially fond of young trees. In cold weather often secretes itself among the dead needles that accumulate on the upper side of the horizontal branches of pitch pine; hibernates as an adult (Ds). STETHAULAX Bergr. S. marmoratus Say. Lakehurst IV-VI, IX, common on cedars (div). HOMCEMUS Dall. H. aeneifrons Say. Hewitt VII, 2, 25 (Jl); Oak Ridge VII (Shoemaker); Westfield VII, 2 (Bno) ; local in distribution and limited in time 01 appearance. EURYGASTER Lap. E. alternatus Say. Hewitt VI-VIII (div); West Hebron VI, IX (Bno); Staten Island VII (Ds); on edges of marshy meadows; often coin mon. Sub-family GRAPHOSOMIN^. AMAUROCHROUS Stal. A. cinctipes Say. (Podops) Throughout the State all season. A. dubius Pal. Beauv. (Podops) Chester, Arlington (Coll); New Jer- sey III (Ds). A. parvulus Van D. Pt. Pleasant V, on sea beach, Lakehurst V, not com mon (Brb). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 133 Sub-family Peculiar in this series of species by having the feet formed for digging. They live in sand and mud banks and are of no economic importance. CYDNUS Fab. C. obliquus Uhl. Jamesburg VII (Ds). CYRTOMEMUS Am. & Serv. C. mirabilis Perty. Staten Island VIII (Ds) ; Camden V, 5 (Jn) ; Wood- bury VII, 29 (Ss). PANG/EUS Stal. P. bilineatus Say. Madison (Pr) ; Arlington (Coll); Riverton IV, 16 (Jn); Avalon VI, Anglesea (Ss). GEOTOMUS M. & R. (MELANXETHUS Uhl). G. pennsylvanicus Sign, (picinus Uhl.) "Atlantic States" (Uhl). G. robustus Uhl. Anglesea (Ss). AMNESTUS Dall. A. spinifrons Say. Great Notch V, Madison X, Pt. Pleasant on beach V (Brb) ; Staten Island V, VI (Ds) ; Newark, New Brunswick IV, Jamesburg V, 31 (Coll); Riverton IV, V (Jn) ; Anglesea (Ss). A. pusillus Uhl. (subferrugineus.) Madison V, X (Brb); Glen Ridge VI, 27 (Bno) ; New Brunswick IV, VIII (Coll) ; Merchantville X, 29 (Ss). SEHIRUS A. & S. (CANTHOPHORUS M. & R.). S. cinctus Pal. Beauv. Greenwood Lake VII, Lakehurst V (Brb); New Brunswick VII (Coll). Sub-family PENTATOMIN^E. In this series the scutel tends to become smaller and the wings are better marked. The insects are, as a rule, flatter above and not so firm in texture as some of the preceding groups. The beak is long, four- jointed, and many of the species are economically important. The typical "buggy" odor is well developed in most of them. 134 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. BROCHYMENA A. & S. Fig- 57- A tree-bug, Brochymena arborea; upper and under surface. B. arborea Say. Throughout the State IX till next VI. The species are large, rough, known as "tree-bugs," often present in numbers suffi- cient to attract attention, yet not conspicuous because their grayish- brown tints harmonize well with the bark of the trees on which they live. B. quadripustulata Fab. With the preceding and hardly less common. B. annulata Fab. Lakehurst IV-VI, IX (div). The "harisii" of previous edition is a form of this species. PERIBALUS M. & R. (HOLCOSTETHUS Fieb). P. limbolarius Stal. Throughout the State, V-IX, common on shepherd's purse. The "abbreviatus" of last edition is the same the true species is western. TRICHOPEPLA Stal. T. semivittata Say. Throughout the State V-IX, common. CHLOROCHROA Stal. (PENTATOMA Oliv). C. saucia Say. (Lioderma) Staten Island IV, IX, XI (div). C. senilis Say. (Lioderma) Staten Island, fall and spring (Ds) ; Lake- hurst X, 19 (Bno). C. uhleri Stal. Occurs in New York and probably also in New Jersey. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 135 C. persimilis Horv. This is the species usually found as "juniperina" Linn., in collections; but that is European and does not occur in America at all. MORMIDEA A. & S. M. lugens Fab. Throughout the State, common, V-IX. SOLUBEA Bergr. (CEBALUS Stal). S. pugnax Fab. Ft. Lee VIII, 12 (Bno) ; Manasquan IX (Ds); Burling- ton Co. VIII, 7, Barnegat Bay Dist. VIII, 3 (Coll); Anglesea VII (div). EUSCHISTUS Dall. E. fissilis Uhl. Throughout the State V-X, the most common species. E. servus Say. Madison (Pr) ; Staten Island VI-X, Jamesburg VII (Ds) ; Lakehurst V (Bfb). E. politus Uhl. Throughout the State V-XI, locally common. E. tristigmus Say. Throughout the State I V-IX, locally common; in marshy meadows. E. variolarius Pal. Beauv. Throughout the State all season, often com- mon. E. ictericus Linn. Madison (Pr); Ft. Lee IX, X (div); Glen Ridge VI, 28, Pt. Pleasant VII, VIII (Bno); Staten Island VIII (Ds) ; New Bruns- wick VII, Jamesburg VII, Lahaway VII, Anglesea, V, 28, IX, 6 (Coll). OENUS Dall. C. delius Say. Hewitt VI (Jl) ; Singac, Oak Ridge IX, Staten Island V, VI, VIII, IX (Ds) ; Westfield VII, 16 (Bno) ; Orange Mts. VII, 10 (Jn) ; Madison VI, IX, X, Roselle Park XI, Lakehurst V, common (Brb); hibernates as adult under stones in fields. HYMENARCYS A & S. H. asqualis Say. Madison, rare (Pr) ; New Jersey (Van D). H. nervosa Say. Madison VIII, rare (Brb); Staten Island IV, VIII (div); Jamesburg V, X, Anglesea IV, 4 (Coll); Westfield VII, 21, Clementon V, 30 (Jn). NEOTIGLOSSA Kirby. N. undata Say. Cape May VI, 22 (Coll); New Jersey (Van D). N. sulcifrons Stal. Anglesea VII, 4 (Sm); Lakehurst V (Brb), VII, 4 (Dow). 136 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. COSMOPEPLA Stal. C. carnifex Fab. Chester VII, 5 (Coll); Newfoundland VII, Oak Ridge VI, VII (Ds); Madison VII, Ft. Lee dist. IV (Brb) ; Great Notch V, 30 (Bno); sometimes locally common. MENECLES Stal. M. insertus Say. Sparta, Staten Island XI, 11 (Ds) ; Chester, Monmouth Co. V, 9 (Coll). THYANTA Stal. T. custator Fab. Madison VII (Brb), and south of the red shale through- out the season; recorded by all collectors. MURGANTIA Stal. M. histrionica Hahn. The "harle- quin cabbage bug." This is a southern species that under special conditions sometimes extends into New Jersey, and has been taken as far north as Morris County. In 1896 it oc- curred in destructive numbers along the Delaware, but since then only occasional examples have been taken. NEZARA A & S. f 9 Fig. 58. The harlequin cabbage bug: a, b, larva and pupa, natural size; c, d, c, eggs, natural size and enlarged, from side and above; f, adult, wings closed, and g, open; natural size. N. pennsylvanica De G. Through- out the State, fall and spring. N. hilaris Say. Throughout the State all season; not rare. BANASA Stal. B. calva Say. Madison (Pr); Palisades IX, 4 (Jl) ; Staten Island X, Lakehurst IX (Ds) ; Riverton VIII, 21 (Jn). B. dimidiata Say. Madison VI, VIII, X (Brb); Staten Island VI-VIII, Lakehurst V-VII, X (Ds) ; Pt. Pleasant VII, VIII (Bno); Clementon V, 2 (GG). B. sordida Uhl. Massachusetts to Maryland, and sure to occur in New Jersey. DENDROCORIS Bergr. D. humeral is Uhl. (Liotropis) Greenwood Lake V, Madison VIII, com- mon (Brb); Farmingdale VIII (Ds); Lakehurst V-IX (div). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. Sub-family STIRETRUS Lap. S. anchorage Fab. Hackettstown (U S Ag) ; Madison VIII, rare (Brb) ; Jamesburg VII, 1 (Ds) ; South Jersey (Coll) ; a predatory form that sometimes attacks asparagus slugs. Fig. 59. Stiretrus anchorago; a, adult; b, nymph. PERILLOIDES Schout. (PERILLUS.) P. exaptus Say. Hewitt V, 1 (Bno); Madison VI, Roselle Park (Brb); Oak Ridge VI (Shoemaker). P. circumcinctus Stal. Throughout the State VI, VII, not common; feeds on bettle larvee; the records for "confluens" in last edition belong here. P. bioculatus Fab. (Mineus) Staten Island VI (Ds). MINEUS Stal. M. strigipes H. S. Madison VII, 10 (Brb) ; Westfield VII, 4, Pt. Pleasant VII, 27 (Bno); Jamesburg V, 11, VII (Coll); Lakehurst VII, 4 (Dow); lona V, 16 (GG). APATETICUS Dall. (PODISUS H. S.) A. cynicus Say. Morris Co. (Jn) ; Madison VII, X (Brb); Hewitt VII, Brookville VII, Staten Island VIII, IX (Ds) ; Newark VII, Lakehurst VII, 7 (Coll). The species of this genus are quite usually predatory, and feed upon slugs of all kinds, including those of the potato beetles. 138 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. A. bracteatus Fitch. Certain to occur in New Jersey (Bno). A. maculiventris Say. (spinosus Dall). Common throughout the State all season. A. serieventris Uhl. Recorded from all sections of the State VI-VIII, but there is a question of determination involved, and most of the speci- mens may prove "maculiventris." A. modestus Dall. Madison IX, common (Brb) ; Staten Island IV (Ds). A. placidus Uhl. Hewitt -VII, 25 (Jl) ; Madison VIII (Brb); Staten Island VIII (Ds); Jamesburg (Coll); Lakehurst VII (div). Sub- family ACANTHOSOMIN^: ELASMUCHA Stal. E. lateralis Say. (Acanthosoma) Hewitt VII, 2 (Bno); Chester IX, 18 (Coll) ; Madison VII (Brb) ; Staten Island IV, IX (div) ; Anglesea (Ss). ELASMOSTETHUS Fieb. E. cruciatus Say. (Acanthosoma) Del. Water Gap VII, 8 (Jn) ; Chester VII, 4 (Coll); Madison VIII (Brb). Family THYREOCORID/E. These are the CorimelgenidaB or "negro bugs" of the previous edition, so named because of their generally uniform black color. They are shining, convex, almost as broad as long, the scutel covering almost the entire abdomen, and they resemble beetles of the Histeridse more than they do the usual run of bugs. They lay their eggs in black and rasp- berries, and these eggs have a peculiar bed-buggy flavor, which becomes offensively apparent when the fruit is eaten. THYREOCORIS Schrank. (CORIMEL>ENA White.) T. unicolor Pal. Beauv. (atra A & S.) Throughout the State V-VIII, sometimes locally common. T. nitiduloides Wolff. With the preceding, but more rare. The form that occurs in New Jersey is said to be a variety, the typical form being western. T. lateralis Fab. Hewitt VI, Newfoundland VII, Staten Island VII, James- burg VII (Ds). Mr. Barber suggests that this is "gillettii" Van D. T. anthracina Uhl. Pennsylvania, and sure to occur in New Jersey. T. gillettii Van D. Staten Island V (Brb); Cape May C. H. VIII, 21 (Van D); Anglesea VII, 12 (Coll). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 139 T. pulicaria Germ. Throughout the State V-VIII; often common; occurs also on the salt marshes. Family ARADID/E. This family contains the "flat bugs," so named be- cause of their form, which is adapted for life in the narrowest sort of crevices, under bark or in cracks of dead trees. They are generally dark brown or blackish Fig. 60. A negro in color, are believed to be predatory in habit, and seem bu ' Thyreocoris to be essentially forest species, isolated trees rarely , . . larged. being infested. Sub-family ARADIN^. ARAOUS Fab. A. ssqualis Say. New Jersey (Uhl, Bergroth). A. quadrilineatus Say. Palisades (Jl); State Island IV, 10 (Ds). A. robustus Uhl. Ft. Lee VII (Jl) ; Madison, Lakehurst VI, a common species (Brb). A. similis Say. Greenwood Lake V (Brb); Great Notch V, 30 (Bno); Staten Island IV, 10 (Ds) ; Lakehurst (Jl) ; Clementon V, 2 (GG). Commonly found in and under the fungus "Polyporus betulintis" growing on dead white birches or, in winter, nymphs and adults under bark near base (Bno). A. hubbardi Held. Almost undoubtedly in New Jersey (Bno). A. acutus Say. Lakehurst (Ds) ; Anglesea IV, 11 (Coll). A. inornatus Uhl. Prospertown, Lahaway VII, 3 (Coll). A. crenatus Say. Pennsylvania and probably also New Jersey. A. lugubris Fall, (rectus Say.) Staten Island (Ds). A. uniformis Heid. Probably occurs in New Jersey. A. abbas Bergr. New Brunswick IV (Coll). A. cinnamomeus Panz. Staten Island IV, 10 (Ds) ; Lakehurst V, 27 (Bno); Clementon V, 2 (GG) ; common on pines. A. niger Stal. Lakehurst IV, 14 (Ds) ; also under pine bark. Sub-family MEZIRIN^. MEZIRA A & S. (BRACHYRHYNCHUS Lap). M. lobata Say. Should be found in New Jersey (Bno). M. granulata Say. Occurs from Canada to Maryland. 140 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. NEUROCTENUS Fieb. N. simplex Uhl. Throughout the State, fall to late spring. N. ovatus Stal. Should also occur in New Jersey (Bno). ANEURUS Curtis. A. inconstans Uhl. Westfield VII-IX (Bno) ; Staten Island V, Perth. Amboy V, 12, 31 (Ds) ; Riverton VIII, 17 (Van D). A. fiskei Heid. Ft. Lee VII, 19 (Jl) ; Staten Island VI, 26 (Ds); under bark of dead hickory saplings, dead oak branches, etc.; sometimes in company with the preceding. Family PYRRHOCORIDvE. Resemble the next following Lygseidse in form, but are stouter, with contrasting red and black colors and a different venation in the membrane of wing-covers. They are known as "red-bugs," where they occur com- monly, but we have only a single representation in our territory which, while a plant feeder, is not injurious. LARGUS Hahn. L. succinctus Linn. Jamesburg IX, 4, Lahaway VI, 7, Atlantic Co. (Coll); Lakehurst V-IX (div); Toms River (Brb); Clementon VIII (Jn); Atco VIII, 27 (Ss). Family LYG^ID^E. Narrow, oblong bugs, flattened above, of moderate or small size, often gay colors and medium or soft texture. The position of the antennae and venation of membrane of primaries afford structural characters by which the student recognizes the group. All are vegetable feeders and some of them are distinctly injurious. Sub-family LYG^IN^. ONCOPELTUS Stal. O. fasciatus Ball. Caldwell (Cr); Roselle Park IX (Brb); Staten Island VI, VII, IX, X (Ds) ; Riverton IX, 25 (Jn) ; Pemberton VII, 11, very common on milkweed (C G) ; Woodbury VI, Anglesea (Ss). LYGUS Fab. L. bicrucis Say. (Melanocoryphus) Staten Island, seashore V, 14 (Ds) ; Woodbury, Anglesea VII (Ss); Clementon VII. 6 (Jn). L. reclivatus Say. So distributed that its occurrence in New Jersey is probable (Bno). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 141 L. kalmii Stal. Common throughout the State IV-X. This is the' species usually labeled "turcicus" in collections. L. turcicus Fab. All New Jersey specimens seen have proved to be "kalmii," but it is recorded from Pennsylvania by Montandon and should occur in this State also (Bno). NYSIUS Dall. N. ericae Schill. (angusta- ius Uhl). Camden IX, X (Ss); Westville V, 20 ( Jn) ; Lakehurst VII, 7 (Dn) ; Lahaway, common on cranberry bogs, Anglesea V, 28 (Coll). N. longiceps Stal. New Jer- sey (Stal). Fig. 6 1. Nysius erica:: a, potato leaf showing in- jury; b, nymph; c, adult: a, natural size, b, c, much enlarged. N. minutus Uhl. Woodbine VIII, 23 (Van D) ; New Jersey (Uhl). N. providus Uhl. Madison VII, VIII, X (Brb) ; Orange Mts. VIII, 29 (Gr); Jamesburg VII, 18 (Coll); Lakehurst VII, 7 (Dn) ; Pt. Pleasant VII, 26 (Bno). BELONOCHILUS Uhl. B. numenius Say. Anglesea (Ss). ORSILLUS Dall. 0. scolopax Say. Jamesburg VII, 15 (Coll). May be an error and finally prove to refer to Nysius providus (Bno). ISCHNORHYNCHUS Fieb. 1. geminatus Say. (didymus Zett.) Throughout the State all season; also labeled "resedas" in collections, but is not really Panzer's species. (Bno). CYMU3 Hahn. C. luridus Stal. Pt. Pleasant VII, 26 (Bno). C. discors Horv. Madison (Pr); Roselle Park XI (Brb); Glen Ridge (Bno); Jamesburg VII, 15 (Coll). C. angustatus Stal. Throughout the State IX until next VII. The records for "Cymodema tabida" in last eclition really belong here. C. claviculus Hahn. Throughout the State, fall and spring. C. breviceps Stal. Madison VIII, Lakehurst IX (Brb). 142 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. CYMODEMA Spin. C. exiguum Horv. (tabida Say.) Thus far recorded only from the Dis- trict of Columbia, but may occur in So. Jersey. The records in the last edition almost certainly refer to "Cymus angustatus" (Bno). Sub-family BUSSING. ISCHNODEMUS Fieb. I. falicus Say. Glen Ridge VII (Bno); Staten Island V, VI, IX (Ds) ; Lahaway, common on cranberry bogs in May (Sm). BLISSUS Klug. B. leucopterus Say. Roselle Park I, sifting (Brb); Caldwell (Cr) ; Glen Ridge VI, 1, Staten Island X, 25 (Bno); Camden IV, 22 (Ss) ;' Angle- sea VII, 12 (Coll). This is the well known "Chinch bug" that is so destructive in the wheat and cornfields of the middle west. In New Jersey, while it occurs throughout the State, it is really a somewhat rare species, not often found even by the collector. The reason foi- our exemption is climatic and is not due to any natural enemy or parasite peculiar to this region. Sub-family GEOCORIN^. GEOCORIS Fall. G. uliginosus Say. Madison IX, X, Ft. Lee IX (Brb); Camden X-XII (Ss). G. punctipes Say. Madison, rare (Pr) ; Riverton IX, 25 (Jn) ; Merchant- ville X, 29 (Ss). G. discopterus Stal. New Jersey (Stal). G. limbatus Stal. New Jersey (Stal). G. piceus Say. Madison VIII (Brb) ; Camden Co. XI, 23 (Ss) ; commonly found on "Potentilla canadensis" (Bno). G. bullatus Say. Alabama to Nova Scotia and sure to occur in New Jer- sey. The species of this genus are found crawling about the roots of weeds in sandy spots, and sometimes under boards in winter. They have not been closely collected, and more will be found when search for them is systematically made. Sub-family PACHYGRONTHIN^. PHLEGYAS Stal. (PELIOPELTA Uhl.) P. abbreviata Uhl. Budds Lake VII, Madison VII, VIII (Brb); Orange Mts. VIII, 29 (Gr) ; Ft. Lee Dist. VII, 4, Westfield VII, 16, Lakehurst V, 23 (Bno); Staten Island VI, VII (Ds) ; Jamesburg V, VI (div); Riverton V, 30 (Vk) : So. Jersey, Swedesboro VII (Coll). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 143 CEDANCALA A. & S. CE. crassimana Fab. (dorsalis Say.) Madison VIII, Lakehurst IV, XI (Brb); Jamesburg VIII, 15, Lahaway V, on cranberry bogs (Sm). Sub-family OXYCARENIN^. CROPHIUS Stal. C. disconotus Say. New Jersey (Stal). Sub-family APHANIN^. LIGYROCORIS Stal. L. diffusus Uhl. (sylvestris Stal, not Linn.) Greenwood Lake VI, Madi- son VII, IX (Brb) ; Chester VIII, IX (Coll) ; Westfield VIII, 13, Staten Island X, 25, (Ds) ; Jamesburg VII, X (div). L. contractus Say. (sylvestris Fieb., not Linn.) Palisades VIII (Brb); Westfield VII, IX (Bno). L. constrictus Say. Chester VIII, IX (Dn) ; Camden IX, 30 (Ss); New Jersey (Stal). PERIGENES Dist. P. fallax Heid. Chester VIII, 12 (Dn) ; Madison VII, Staten Island VI, Jamesburg VII (Brb). MYODOCHA Latr. M. serripes Oliv. Hopewell IV, Madison VII, Ft. Lee Dist. Ill, Roselle Park XI, Arlington III (Brb) ; Orange Mts. VIII, 29 (Gr) ; Staten Island III, V, VII, IX, XI, Jamesburg VII (Ds) ; Camden X, XII (Ss); Lahaway V, VII, XII (Sm). HER/EUS Stal. H. plebejus Stal. Madison IV, VI, Roselle Park, XII, 1, sifting (Brb); Camden XI, XII, common (Ss). H. orbicollis Uhl. Chester, Newark, Arlington, Anglesea III, 19, Laha- way V, on cranberry bogs (Coll). Seems to be a mss. name and Mr. Barber thinks may be the same as above. PAMERA Say. P. bilobata Say. Camden XI, XII (Ss). Mr. Bueno says the species is southern and the record may refer to the next following. P. basalis Dall. Westfield VII, Glen Ridge VI, Pt. Pleasant VII (Bno); Madison VII, Roselle Park XI, Lakehurst III, IV (Brb) ; Camden, Merchantville (Ss); Ocean Co. V (Coll). i 4 4 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. PTOCHIOMERA Say. P. nodosa Say. Lakehurst IX (Brb). P. clavigera Uhl. Lakehurst V, 2, IX (Brb). PYG/EUS Uhl. P. pallidus Uhl. Ft. Lee, Lakehurst IV, sifting (Brb). CLIGENES Dist. C. minutus Berg. Lakehurst IX (Brb); Lahaway V, on cranberry bogs (Sm). Is the same as "Pachymerus minutus" Uhl., mss. C. pilosula Stal. New Jersey (Stal). CNEMODUS H. S. C. mavortius Say. Hewitt VI, Brookville VII, Staten Island V (Ds); Lakehurst IV, VII, X (div). OZOPHORA Uhl. O. picturata Uhl. Staten Island XI (Ds); Riverton VIII, 21 (Jn); Cam- den Co. (Ss); Anglesea VII, 23 (Coll). DRYMUS Fieb. D. unus Say. (Megalonotus) Roselle Park V, sifting under Alder (Brb); Jamesburg XII, 1 (Dn); Avalon IV, 10 (Coll). PERITRECHUS Fieb. P. fraternus Uhl. Lakehurst III-V (Brb) ; Lahaway, on cranberry bogs V (Coll). SPHRAGISTICUS Stal. S. nebulosus Fall. (Trapezonotus) Lakehurst IV (Brb); Camden XII (Ss). S. rufipes Stal. Lakehurst V (Brb). ARPHANUS Dist. A. umbrosus Dist. (Dorochrosa illuminatus Dist.) New York to District of Columbia, and I have seen it from New Jersey (Sm). EMBLETHIS Fieb. E. vicarius Horv. Lakehurst IV (Brb). E. arenarius Linn, is a misidentification of the Linnasan species, and Gonianotus marginepunctatus is probably this same form (Bno). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 145 EREMOCORIS Fieb. E. ferus Say. Paterson IV, Madison III, X (Brb); Staten Island IV (Ds) ; Lakehurst IV, VII, X (div) ; Anglesea III, 19 (Coll). CRYPHULA Stal. C. parallelogramma Stal. Camden (Ss) ; Lakehurst V (Brb). SCOLOPOSTETHUS Fieb. S. atlanticus Horv. New Jersey (Horv). S. diffidens Horv. Lakehurst IV (Brb). S. thomsoni Reut. Roselle Park XI, by sifting (Brb). Family COREID^E. Oblong, moderately stout species of medium or rather large size, flat- tened above, the common squash-bug being a fair representative of the family. The hind legs are sometimes abnormally developed, the femora large or clubbed or the tibise with leaf -like expansions; sometimes the edges of the abdomen are raised at the sides so that the wings lie in a depression. The odors in this family are especially well developed, more penetrating and more offensive than in any other. Most of them are vegetable feeders, and some are of economic importance. Sub-family MEROCORIN^. CORYNOCORIS Mayer. C. typhseus Fab. Chester VII, 20 (Coll) ; Madison VII, VIII, Milltown VIII (Brb) ; Westfield VII, TX (Bno) ; Staten Island VI (Ds) ; Riverton VII, .3 (Jn). The "distinctus" of previous edition was an error of deter- mination. Sub-family ARCHIMERUS Burm. A. calcarator Fab. Ma<*son (Pr) ; Ft. Lee VIII (Bno); Staten Island VI, IX (div); Clementon V, 30 (Jn) ; Anglesea VI, 20 (Coll). ACANTHOCERUS Pal. Beauv. A. galeator Fab. (Euthoctha) Throughout the State VI-IX; not rare. IO IN 146 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Sub-family ACANTHOCEPHALIN^. ACANTHOCEPHALA Lap. A. terminalis Dall. (Metapodius) Piedmont Plain and northward, IX until next VII; also Riverton (Jn). The "femoratus" of previous edi- tion is this same species. Sub-family LEPTOGLOSSUS Guer. L. oppositus Say. Staten Island X (Ds) ; New Brunswick VIII, 23 (Coll) ; Lakehurst V (Brb) ; Shiloh IX, 1 (Jn). L. corculus Say. New Brunswick (Coll); Westville VII, 4 (Jn). Sub-family CHARIESTERIN.. CHARIESTERUS Lap. C. antennator Fab. Madison (Pr) ; Ft. Lee (Bt) ; Staten Island VIII, Jamesburg VII, 5, Lakehurst VII, 29 (Ds) ; Farmingdale VII (Jn) ; Camden (Ss). Sub-family CENTROSCELIN.. ANASA A & S. A. tristis De G. The common squash bug; occurs throughout the State. Hibernates as an adult, lays eggs in large patches on underside of leaves of all sorts of Cucurbs, and matures two broods. In gardens gather the con- spicuous eggs early in the season and destroy them. In fields plow out and destroy the vines as soon as crop is off, to prevent adults from coming to maturity. Insecticides are not indicated. A. armigera Say. Also on squashes and other cucurbs from New Brunswick southward. I have no records from more northern points, but believe it will occur there as well. Under ordinary circumstances it will not be differ- entiated from "tristis." A. repetita Heid. Also resembles the common species so closely as to be readily mistaken for it. I have no actual Jersey records, but it has been found in Pennsylvania, and I have no doubt it occurs with us. Fig. 62. The squash- bug, Anasa tristis; enlarged. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 147 Sub-family PROTENOR Stal. P. belfragei Hagl. Staten Island VIII (Ds) ; Jamesburg VII, 18 (Coll); in wet meadows on grasses. Sub-family ALYDINJ?. ALYDUS Fab. A. urinus Say. Throughout the State VI-IX; everywhere common. A. pilosulus H. S. With the preceding, but less common. "These two species are commonly found in patches of clover in meadows or in bush clover." (Bno). A. quinquespinosus Say. Throughout the State VI-IX. A. conspersus Mont. Newfoundland IX (Ds). STAC H YOG N EM US Stal. S. apical is Ball. Riverton V, 26 (Jn), VIII, 17 (Van D) ; found running on sandy spots in company with "Cicindela" (Bno). Sub-family CORIZIN^. HARMOSTES Burm. H. refiexulus Stal. Common throughout the State all season. The "fraterculus" of previous edition also belongs here. CORIZUS Fall. C. crassicornis Linn, (novaeboracensis Sign.) Chester IX, 5 (Coll). C. lateral is Say. Common throughout the State, late VI until winter, and again until late next V. All records of other species in previous list should in all probability refer here. C. sidae Fab. has never been authentically recorded north of Maryland (fide Hambleton), and should not be included in any lists from the middle States (Bno). C. nigristernum Sign. Is recorded from New York and Pennsylvania and certainly occurs in New Jersey. Sub-family BERYTIN^. These are the "stilt-bugs"; long, slender species with thin, thread-like legs and antenna. The thighs and feelers are clubbed, and, altogether, the insects have a peculiar spidery appearance. They are plant feeders, but of no economic importance. 148 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. NEIDES Say. N. muticus Say. Greenwood Lake V (Brb) ; Hewitt VII, Staten Island VIII (Ds). JALYSUS Stal. J. spinosus Say. Throughout the State V, VII-IX, locally common. Family TINGITID/E. These peculiar little creatures have been called "lace-bugs" from the net or lace-like covering of the wings and other body parts. This renders them easy of recognition, and, under a lens of even moderate power, they are really pretty. They are plant feeders and sometimes occur in num- bers sufficient to cause injury to garden plants or shrubs. As field pests they are not troublesome in New Jersey, and, in general, contact poisons would be advised against them should they become in the least dangerous. Sub-family PIESMA Lep. & Serv. P. cinerea Say. Locally common throughout the State on horse chest- nuts, under bark of "Platanus," &c. Sub-family CORYTHUCA Stal. C. ciliata Say. Chester VIII, 19 (Dn) ; Staten Island (Ds) ; New Jersey (Sm). On sycamore in great numbers on under side of leaves; adults hibernate under bark and under leaves at base of tree (Bno). C. arcuata Say. (juglandis Fitch.) Throughout the State all season, on a variety of trees, but most abundant on walnut. C. gossypil Fab. Palisades VII, 4, Pt. Pleasant VII, 26 (Bno). C. pergandei Heid. Roselle Park XI-II, sifting under Alder, on which it feeds (Brb); Staten Island VI, 9 (Ds) ; Lakehurst IX, 20 (Bno). C. marmorata Uhl. New York to North Carolina, and sure to occur in New Jersey. LEPTOBYRSA Stal. L. explanata Heid. Newfoundland VII, 8 (Ds) : Springfield, Rutherford V-VII, IX (Dn); on Kalmia and Rhododendron. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 149 GARGAPHIA Stal. G. amorphae Walsh. Lakehurst IX (Brb). G. tiiiae Walsh. New York to Virginia, on bass- wood. G. fasciata Stal. Found in Pennsylvania and prob- ably in New Jersey. LEPTOSTYLA Stal. i'j- L. oblonga Say. Greenwood Lake V, Jamesburg VII (Brb); Lakehurst VII, 4, Lahaway, V, Fig. 63.- A lace-bu?, Gargaphia angulata; VI11 ( Co11 ) = on cranberry bogs (Sm). much enlarged. MELANORHOPALA Stal. M. clavata Stal. (Tingis) Westfield through VII, the short-winged form only (Bno) ; Staten Island VIII (Ds) ; Jamesburg VII (Brb). PHYSATOCHEILA Fieb. P. plexa Say. Madison VIII, IX, Lakehurst IV (Brb). LEPTOYPHA Stal. L. mutica Say. Madison VI, rare (Brb). TELEONEMIA Costa. T. elongata Uhl. "United States" (Uhl). Super-family NEPOIDEA. Family NABID^E. These are yellowish or black, rather flattened bugs, predatory in char- acter, found on flowers and vegetation generally, seeking what they may devour. They are useful in destroying many small vegetable feeders in the early stages. Our collections are poor and not well determined, so the list is, as yet, largely guess work. It is more than likely that all and more will be found with us when systematic collections are made. PAGASA Stal. P. fusca Stein, (pallipes Stal.) Madison VIII, IX, Jamesburg VI (Brb); lives under stones in fields (Bno). REDUVIOLUS Kirby. (CORISCUS Schrank.) R. subcoleoptratus Kirby. Madison VI, common (Brb); Oak Ridge VI, VII, Staten Island V (Bno); New Jersey (Ss). R. sericans Rent. Probably found in New Jersey (Bno). R. sordidus Reut. Probably occurs in New Jersey (Bno). R. pallescens Reut. "New Jersey" (Brb). 150 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. R. annulatus Reut. Madison (Pr) ; Riverton IX, 11 (Jn). R. inscriptus Kirby. Canada to Virginia. R. rufusculus Reut. Occurs from New York to Virginia. R. ferus Linn. Common throughout the State IV-XII, and the best known representative of this family. R. capsiformis Germ. Probably occurs in New Jersey. R, kalmiae Reut. Occurs near the line in Pennsylvania. R. roseipennis Reut. (punctipes Reut.) "New Jersey" (Reut). R. propinquus Reut. New York and probably New Jersey (Bno). R. vicarius Reut. Will probably be found in New Jersey (Bno). R. assimilis Uhl. Ranges from Canada to Maryland. Family GERRID^E. This aggregation comprises the "water striders," "marsh treaders" and other species that live in wet places or on the water surface. As a rule, the body is narrow and elongated, covered with a velvety pile adapted to shed or repel water. The legs are long and slender, and the insects are adapted to move rapidly over the surface of the water, resembling spiders when the legs are fully extended. They are predatory in habit in all stages, and where they occur in numbers no Anopheles or other mosquito larvae are able to maintain themselves. Sub-family VEUIN^B. RHAGOVELIA Mayr. R. obesa Uhl. Hewitt VII, Cranford VIII, Staten Island VII, VIII, Lake- hurst VII, X (Ds); Bloomfield VI, Rahway River VIII, Lakehurst IX; a very common species in swiftly running streams (Bno). MICROVELIA Westw. M. marginata Uhl. (capitata) Ft. Lee X, 10. Cranford VIII, 6 (Bno). M. albonotata Champ. Westfield V, 3, VII, VIII, 13, Staten Island VII, 8 (Bno); Riverton VIII, 3 (Jn). M. americana Uhl. (Hebrus) Westfield VII, 4-IX, 2, Cranford VIII, Ft. Lee Dist. V, 28, IX, X, 10, Staten Island VI, 3, VIII, 19 (Bno). M. boreale Bno. (pulchella Westw.) Westfield VI-IX, Bloomfield VI 30, Cranford VIII, Ft. Lee Dist. VII-IX, Staten Island V-VIII (Bno). This is the species usually labelled "pulchella" in collections, but it is really a distinct form. Sub-family GERRIN^. This contains the narrower forms listed as Hydrobatidae in the previous edition. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 151 GERRIS Fab. G. buenoi Kirk. Staten Island IV-VII (Ds) ; VIII 19 (Bno). G. marginatus Say. (Limnotrechus) Throughout the State III-X, com- mon. G. canaliculatus Say. Echo Lake, Westfield IV-IX, Cranford VIII, 6, Ft. Lee Dist. IV, 19 (Bno); Staten Island VII, VIII (div). G. remigis Say. (Hygrotrechus) Westfield VII, VIII, Bloomfield V, 23, Cranford VIII, Ft. Lee Dist. X, 20 (Bno); Staten Island III-X (Ds) ; Grantwood VIII, 19, Jamesburg VIII, 2 (Coll) ; one of our common forms. G. conformis Uhl. Morris Co. (Jn) ; Great Notch V, 30, Rahway River VIII, G ((Bno); Lahaway VI, 1 (Coll). LIMNOPORUS Stal. I L. rufoscutellatus Latr. Madison (Pr) ; Westfield VIII, Glen Ridge VI, 30, Ft. Lee Dist. IV-X (Bno) ; Staten Island VII (Ds) ; New Bruns- wick IV, 22 (Coll). METROBATES Uhl. M. hesperius Uhl. New York to North Carolina and sure to occur in New Jersey. TREPOBATES Uhl. (STEPHAN1A White.) T. pictus Uhl. Echo Lake, Westfield IX, 2 (Bno); Lakehurst X, 18 (Ds). RHEUMATOBATES Bergr. Fig. 64. A water-strider, Rhenmatobates rileyi, female: a, anterior tarsus; b, ovipositor; c, hind tarsus; much enlarged. 152 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. R. rileyi Bergr. Madison (Pr) ; Echo Lake, Westfield IX, 2, Cranford VIII, 6-27 (Bno). Sub-family MESOVELIIN^. MESOVELIA Mills. & Rey. M. bisignata Uhl. Glen Ridge VI, 23, Bloomfield VI, 30, Westfleld VI-IX, Cranford VIII, Ft. Lee Dist. VIII, IX, Point Pleasant (Bno) ; Staten Island VII-IX (div). Sub-family HYDROMETRIN^E. These are the "marsh-treaders," found moving about on mud flats; they are listed as Limnobatidse in the previous edition. HYDROMETRA Latr. H. martini Kirk, (lineata Say.) Madison (Pr) ; Westfield VI-IX, Cran- ford VIII, 27, Ft. Lee Dist. V, 21 (Bno) ; Staten Island IV-X (div) ; Camden XII (Jn). Family N^EOGEID^E. The two. species in our fauna were listed under "Hebrus" in the last edition and placed under the family "Veliidae," which the species re- semble; in fact, the "Hebrus americanus" Uhl. is really a "Microvelia." N/EOGEUS Lap. (HEBRUS Curt.) N. burmeisteri Leth. & Sev. (pusillus Burm.) "United States" (Uhl). N. concinnus Uhl. Chester, Arlington (Coll); W T estfield IV, 19, VII (Bno). There may be really only a single species in New Jersey anO the two names here listed may both refer to that one (Bno). Family REDUVIID^E. Called "pirate bugs" and "assassin bugs" from their predatory habits, which make them decidedly beneficial. They have long legs, the anterior often enlarged for grasping, a very narrow head with small, though promi- nent eyes, and a short, very stout curved beak, which is rigid and cannot be folded back against the head. These characteristics render the family an easily recognizable one, although there is a great variety in form and general appearance. A number of them have become adapted to life in cities, and, on shade trees, are of material service in reducing the num- ber of plant feeders. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 153 Most of the species resent being handled and will, if they get a chance, puncture the hand that holds them, or they may "bite," on general prin- ciples, if they alight on an exposed surface. The "bite" or puncture is severe and poisonous, often causing intense pain and more or less swell- ing, which may persist for a long time. A few species live in houses, and in the Southern States one of them attacks human beings and is known as the "big bed-bug." Another species has the more satisfactory habit of feeding on common bed-bugs and other household pests. This, while of good size, is seldom seen, because it covers itself with dust and fluffy material that accumulates in corners which make it resemble a little wad of waste. Sub-family EMESIN^. This is a series of very slender species with enormously lengthened legs which has given rise to the common name "thread-legged" bugs. The anterior legs are fitted for grasping, and. slight as the insects are, they depend for their food upon species unable to resist them. They are not usually abundant. PLOIARIOLA Reut. P. errabunda Say. (Cerascopus.) Taken in adjacent States and sure to occur in New Jersey. EMESA Fab. E. longipes De G. Throughout the State VII-IX, not common. Occurs on bushes at the edges of fields and about barns and is said to prey on spiders. BARGE Stal. B. annulipes Stal. Staten Island (Ds) ; Lakehurst V, VII, IX, X (div). B. simplicipes Uhl. New York and probably New Jersey; both species under planks or logs in fields (Bno). LUTEVA Dohrn. L. Carolina H. S. Will probably be found in New Jersey (Bno). Sub- family ONCEROTRACHELUS Stal. O. acuminatus Say. Greenwood Lake V, Roselle Park I, sifting (Brb) ; Jamesburg XII, 1 (Dn) ; Pt. Pleasant VIII, 8 (Bno). 154 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Sub-family STENOPODIN^. PNIRONTIS Stal. P. infirma Stal. Camden VIII, I (Ss). P. languida Stal. Will probably be found in New Jersey (Bno). PYGOLAMPIS Germ. P. sericea Stal. Taken in adjacent States and will probably be found in New Jersey (Bno). P. pectoralis Say. Madison VIII, Ft. Lee V (Brb) ; Pt. Pleasant VIII, 8 (Bno). STENOPODA Lap. S. culiciformis Fab. Madison (Pr) ; Staten Island VI, VII (Ds) ; Far- mingdale VII, 14 (Jn) ; Sandy Hook VII, Anglesea VI, 28 (Coll); at light (Bno). NARVESUS Stal. N. caroliniensis Stal. Anglesea VII, 12 (Coll). Sub-family ACANTHASPIN^. REDUVIUS Fab. R. personatus Linn. (Opsiccetus.) Staten Island V, VII (div) ; Orange Mts., New Brunswick VII, 3, Lahaway VII, 5 (Coll). This is the "bed-bug hunter" referred to in the introduction to the family. CONORHINUS Lap. C. sanguisugus Lee. The "big bed-bug" of the Southern States. Has not been actually taken in the State so far as I know, but has oc- curred in Pennsylvania, and its presence in the pine barrens may be expected. Sub-family PIRATING. MELANOLESTES Stal. M. picipes H. S. Madison IX, Hopewell IV (Brb); Staten Island III, IV, IX (Ds) ; New Brunswick, Hightstown, Lahaway VII, 5 (Coll); Atco IV, 29, Collingswood V, 4 (Ss). This and the next species made a temporary stir in 1899 as "kissing bugs," because of a number of re- ported cases where "bites" had caused swellings of the lips. These species bite very readily, and if, in flight, they strike the face of an individual, they are very apt to puncture promptly. There is no THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 155 doubt that some such cases did occur; there is no doubt either that the majority of the reported cases were attributable to altogether different causes. They live and develop under stones. M. abdominalis H. S. With the preceding at about the same times. RASAHUS A. & S. R. thoracicus Stal. Will probably be found in New Jersey (Bno). SIRTHENEA Spin. S. stria Fab. (carinata Fab.) Westwood V, 4 (Angell); Woodbury V, from globes of electric light (div) ; Lahaway V, 28 (Coll). Sub-family ECHTRICHODIN^E. ECHTRICHODIA L. & S. E. cruciata Say. Jamesburg VIII (Ds) ; Anglesea (div). Sub-family APIOMERINJ^. APIOMERUS Hahn. A. crassipes Fab. Del. Water Gap VII, 14 (Jn) ; Jamesburg VII, 4 ( Jl) ; Lakewood, Lakehurst VII, 7, Atlantic City VII, 19 (Coll) ; Tuckerton VIII, IX (Ds); Anglesea (Ss). Sub-family HARPACTORIN,. MILYAS Stal. M. cinctus Fab. Throughout the State IV- VII, IX, not common. ZELUS Fab. (DIPLODUS A. & S.) 2. luridus Stal. Throughout the State VI-VIII; "exsanguis" Stal is the western form. 2. socius Uhl. Lakewood (Coll); Lakehurst IV, V, VII, IX (div). FITCHIA Stal. F. nigrovittata Stal. Staten Island V, IX, XI (Ds), on salt meadow under boards (Brb) ; Lakehurst IV-VII, IX (div); on bushes in summer; under stones in spring (Bno). 156 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. ROCCONOTA Stal. R. annulicornis Stal. (Heza) Westfield VII, 2 (Bno) ; New Brunswick VII, 27 (Coll). Fig. 65. The "wheel-bug," Arilus cristatus, in all its stages; natural size, except the individual eggs, which are enlarged. ARILUS Hahn. A. cristatus Linn. (Prionidus) The "wheel-bug." Occurs throughout the State, but more commonly in the southern sections. It is the largest species of the family and conspicuous by its toothed thoracic crest, which looks from the side like the segment of a cog-wheel. The egg- masses are frequently found on fruit trees, but the insects are bene- ficial rather than harmful. They feed on all sorts of slugs and cater- pillars, and according to Mr. Davis, also take grasshoppers and bumble-bees. ACHOLLA Stal. A. multispinosa De G. Throughout the State VI-X. "I have found this dropping from elm and other trees in Westfield; it is highly pre- daceous (Bno). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 157 SINEA A & S. S. diadema Fab. Common throughout the State all summer, especially in clover patches. On city shade trees it feeds on larvae of elm-leaf beetles, young caterpillars of all kinds and in general whatever inserts it can get hold of. Family PHYMATID^. PHYMATA Latr. P. erosa Linn, (wolfii Stal.) This occurs in two sub-species, "fas- ciata" Gray and "pennsyl- vanica" Handl., throughout the State VII-IX. The color scheme of the peculiar chunky and angu- lated species is such that the specimens are able to conceal themselves in a flower so as to Seem part Of it, and this gives an opportunity to capture species which they could not otherwise reach. Large butterflies, and even bees are captured and killed. The fore-legs are short and very powerful, and when once the insect gets a hold and has forced its short, chunky beak into its prey it is only a matter of a short time to quiet it forever. No eco- nomically injurious insects are controlled by these species. CL erosa.-a, b, adult, from above and side; c, front leg; d. beak. Fi 6 Famil These are narrow, long-legged water bugs, the fore-legs fitted for grasping, the others for walking. A pair of grooved anal bristles keeps the insects in contact with the outer air, and enafbles them to breathe when walking on the bottom of shallow pools, etc. The term "water scorpions" has been applied to these species without any warrant so far as danger from the anal processes is concerned. NEPA Linn. N. apiculata Uhl. Paterson VI, 15, Orange Mts. (Coll); Madison (Pr) ; Caldwell (Cr) ; Westfield VIII, 15 (Bno); Staten Island III (Ds) ; Riverton V, 1 (Jn). RANATRA Fab. R. quadridentata Stal. Madison (Pr); Caldwell (Cr) ; Ft. Lee Dist. V, VIII, IX, Cranford VIII, 27 (Bno) ; Staten Island V, VI, VIII, X (Ds) ; 158 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Riverton VIII, 14 (Jn). To this species belong most of the records credited to "fusca" Pal Beauv., a species which probably does not occur in New Jersey at all. R. grisea Bno. One of the forms mistaken for "fusca," and un- doubtedly in New Jersey collec- tions under that name. R. kirkaldyi Bno. New York to North Carolina and sure to be found in New Jersey (Bno). Division PAGIOPODA. Super-family MIROIDEA. Family ANTHOCORID/E. This family, the Acanthiidse of the previous edition, in part contains a series of rather small, inconspicuous bugs found under bark of trees or in flowers, and mostly predatory in habit. The adults are winged, and have the membrane of the wing-cover without veins. LYCTOCORIS Hahn. L. campestris Fab. Recorded from New York, and should occur in New Jersey (Bno). L. domesticus Schill. Ranges from British America to Texas. Fig. 67. "A "water scorpion," Ranatra species; enlarged. PIEZOSTETHUS Fieb. P. sordidus Reut. Westfield, under bark of dead trees VIII, IX (Bno). TRIPHLEPS Fieb. T. insidiosus Say. Common throughout the State III-XII, in flowers, under bark of trees, in rubbish and generally in about all places where insects occur at all. Feeds upon insect eggs and minute forms generally. CARDIASTETHUS Fieb. C. pergandei Reut. Should occur in New Jersey. C. luridellus Fieb. Pennsylvania and probably New Jersey. ANTHOCORIS Say. A. musculus Say. Probably occurs in New Jersey. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 159 Family CUNOCORID^e. CIMEX Linn. C. lectularius Linn. The common "bed-bug." Wingless, flattened, oval, red-brown in color, found in human habitations throughout the State. They infest not only beds but the crevices and cracks in other furniture and in the woodwork of the room. A free use of gasoline ap- plied twice at intervals of ten days will serve to clean them out, but the appli- cations must be thorough, and every crevice large enough to hold a bug must be dosed. The family term here used replaces the Cimicidse of the previous list. CECIACUS Stal. The bed-bug, Acantlna lectulana. Fig. 68 CE. hirundinis Jen. Infests the nests of swallows; common in parts of Burlington County and probably elsewhere in the State. Is very similar to the preceding in appearance, and a close ally in habits, but does not infest human habitation. Family MIRID^. These are the "leaf-bugs" or "plant-bugs," recorded as Capsidse in the previous edition. They are usually soft in texture, oval in shape, some- what flattened above, with the membraneous tip of wings often sloping- down rather abruptly. The colors are green and brown as a rule, more or less mottled and inconspicuous, but red and black bands and spots are not infrequent, and some of them present striking contrasts. While none of the species that occur in this State are first-class pests, many are common and numerous enough to do a great deal of injury that is not always recognized. They feed, as all their allies do, on plant juices, and often puncture buds, blossoms or young shoots, crippling, checking growth or actually killing them. On some small fruits they kill the blossom stalk or even pierce the young fruit, and this kind of injury is not easily avoided. Some winter as adults; hence it is always a good plan to destroy all rubbish, &c., that may serve as a hiding place. Others lay their eggs in the stems of the plant in which they feed, and these may be reached by intelligent trimming and burning the cuttings. Contact poisons only are available for use against these insects, and these are effective only when used thoroughly and with a full understanding of the particular case in hand. Quite a number of additions have been made to our collections since the previous edition, and again Mr. Heidemann has been good enough to supply the material for the form in which it stands at present. 160 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM: HEIDEMANNIA Uhl. H. cixiiformis Uhl. Del. Water Gap (Slosson). CHLAMYDATUS Curt. C. suavis Rent. (Agalliastes) New Jersey without doubt. C. associatus Uhl. New Brunswick VII, 20 (Coll). ATOMOSCELIS Reut. A. seriatus Reut. New Jersey (Uhl). PLAGIOGNATHUS Fieb. P. obscurus Uhl. Warren Co. VIII, 13, Chester VII, 4, Plainfield VII, 4, New Brunswick VII, 20, Trenton X, 2 (Coll). P. politus Uhl. Orange Mts. VII, 12 (Jn) ; Staten Island VII (Ds) ; Jamesburg (Coll). P. fraternus Uhl. New Jersey (Heid). REUTERSCOPUS Kirk. R. ornatus Reut. (Episcopus) Throughout the State, all season; more or less common locally. PSALLUS Fieb. P. delicatus Reit. New Jersey (Uhl). STRONGYLOTUS Reut. S. saliens Reut. Riverton X, 9 (Jn). RHINACLOA Reut. R. forticornis Reut. New Jersey (Uhl). MEGALOCOLEUS Reut. M. coagulatus Uhl. (Macrocoleus) Riverton VI, 25 (Coll); New Jer- sey (Uhl). LOPUS Hahn. L. decolor Fall. (Oncotylus) Madison (Pr) ; Jamesburg VII, 15 (Coll). REUTERIA Puton. R. irrorata Say. (Malococoris) Staten Island VIII (Ds) ; New Bruns- wick VII, 20 (Coll). DIOMMATUS Uhl. D. congrex Uhl. Chester VII, 4 (Coll); Madison, rare (Pr). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 161 CERATOSCOPUS Reut. C. fasciatus Uhl. (Melinna) Madison (Pr) ; Staten Island VII (Ds). C. modestus Uhl. Chester VII, 4 (Dn) ; Madison (Pr) ; Staten Island VII (Ds); Lakehurst VII, 7, Anglesea VII, 24 (Coll). C. pumilus Uhl. Staten Island (Ds) ; Lakehurst VII, 7 (Coll). ILNACORA Reut. I. divisa Reut. New Jersey (Uhl). I. malina Uhl. Madison, occasional (Pr). I. stall i Reut. New Jersey (Ss). DIAPHNIDIA Uhl. D. pellucida Uhl. Madison, rare (Pr). ORTHOTYLUS Fieb. O. flavosparsus Sahib. New Jersey (Heid). ECTOPIOCERUS Uhl. E. anthracinus Uhl. Lakehurst (Ds); New Jersey (Jn). HYALIODES Reut. H. vitripennis Say. Madison (Pr) ; Staten Island VII, VIII (Ds) ; James- burg VIII, 15 (Coll), and probably throughout the State. DICYPHUS Fieb. D. famelicus Uhl. United States generally (Uhl). GARGANUS Stal. G. fusiformis Say. Madison, frequent (Pr) ; New Jersey (Ss). CYLAPUS Say. C. tenuicornis Say. United States generally (Uhl). * HALTICUS Hahn. H. uhleri Giard. Madison (Pr) ; New Brunswick VII, 28, Jamesburg VII, 15, Swedesboro VI, 12 (Coll); Camden Co. IX. 20 (Ss). LOPIDEA Uhl. L. media Say. Chester IX. 7 (Coll); Madison (Pr) ; Staten Island VI- VIII, Jamesburg (Ds). var. robiniae Uhl. Staten Island VII, on locust. L. confluens Say. Del. Water Gap VIII, 12 (Jn) ; Staten Island VI, VIII (Ds). L. marginata Uhl. Jamesburg VI, Lakehurst VII (Coll). II IX 1 62 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. There are at least two undescribed species in collections including "L. fuscicornis Uhl.," which is a mss. name only. LOMATOPLEURA Reut. L. caesar Reut. Del. Water Gap VII, 8 (Jn) ; Hewitt (Ds). STRONGYLOCORIS Blanch. S. stygicus Say. (Stiphrosoma) Madison, rare (Pr) ; Staten Island VII (Ds); New Jersey (Coll). S. atratus Uhl. Chester VII, 4 (Coll); New Jersey (Held). PILOPHORUS Hahn. P. crassipes Uhl. Riverton VIII, 17 (Van D). P. amoenus Uhl. Riverton VIII, 21 (Jn) ; Lakehurst VII, 7 (Coll). P. walshii Uhl. Lakehurst VII (Ds). P. schwarzi Reut. (confusus Kirsch.) New Jersey (Uhl). P. Icetus Uhl. Jamesburg (Ds); Woodbhie VIII, 21 (Van D). ALEPIDIA Reut. A. gracilis Uhl. Jamesburg (Ds). FULVIUS Stal. F. heidemanni Rent, (anthocoroides Uhl.) New Jersey (Uhl). F. brunneus Prov. Jamesburg, the short-winged form (Ds). RESTHENIA Spin. R. insitiva Say. Del. Water Gap VII, 15 ( Jn) ; Madison, rare (Pr). R. insignis Say. Del. Water Gap VII, 8 (Jn) ; Madison, common (Pr); Staten Island VI, Jamesburg VII (Ds). R. confraterna Uhl. Hewitt (Ds); Madison, rare (Pr). R. nigricollis Reut. Jamesburg (Ds). ONCEROMETOPUS Reut. O. nigroclavus Reut. New Jersey (Uhl). COLLARIA Prov. C. oculata Reut. Staten Island VIII (Ds) ; Jamesburg VII, 15, Anglesea V, 28 (Coll). STENODEMA Lap. S. trispinosum Reut. Madison (Pr) ; Cranford VIII, Staten Island VII (Ds) ; Jamesburg VII, 15, Lahaway V, on cranberry bogs. This name replaces "Brachytropis calcarata" Fall., which is European, and not found in the United States. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 163 S. instabilis Uhl. (Miris) Madison (Pr) ; New Brunswick, Jamesburg VIII ,15 (Coll); Riverton VIII, 21 (Jn). TRIGONOTYLUS Fieb. T. uhleri Rent. Staten Island VI (Ds) ; New Jersey (U S N M). T. ruficornis Fall. New Jersey (Uhl). T. pulcher Rent. Madison, common (Pr) ; Cape May VI, 22 (Jn). M1RI3 Fab. M. dolabratus Linn. (Leptoterna) Madison (Pr); Staten Island (Ds) ; Orange Mts., New Brunswick, Jamesburg VI, 16, Mercer Co. VI, 23, Riverton VI, 25 (Coll). PHYTOCORIS Fall. P. eximius Rent. (Paracalocoris inops Say.) Madison (Pr) ; Staten Island VIII, Lakehurst (Ds) ; Jamesburg VIII, 10 (Coll). P. tibialis Reut. Staten Island -VIII (Ds) ; New Jersey (Uhl). P. puella Reut. Madison, common (Pr) ; Staten Island VII, 10 (Ds) ; Lakehurst VII, 7, Anglesea VII, 12 (Coll). P. breviusculus Reut. Riverton VIII, 17 (Van D). P. pallidicornis Reut. New Jersey (Uhl). P. annulicornis Reut. (Campsocerocoris) Lakehurst VII, 7 (Coll); New Jersey (Uhl). PARACALOCORIS Dist. P. scrupeus Say. (Phytocoris) Staten Island VI, Lakehurst (Ds); Mer- cer Co. VI, 24, Camden VI, 7 (Coll). P. colon Say. Staten Island VIII (Ds) ; New Jersey (Heid). NEUROCOLPUS Reut. N. nubilis Say. Madison (Pr) ; New Brunswick VII, 7 (Coll); Staten Island VI, Lakehurst (Ds); Merchantville VI, 29 (Ss). CALOCORIS Fieb. C. bipunctatus Fab. Staten Island VI (Ds) ; Monmouth Co. (Uhl); Tren- ton VII, 2, Riverton VI, 25 (Coll). ADELPHACORIS Reut. A. rapidus Say. (Calocoris) Common everywhere VI-IX. EUSTICTUS Reut. E. grossus Uhl. (Megacoelurn) Staten Island (Ds) ; New Jersey (Uhl). 1 64 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. STENOTUS Jakoleff. S. binotatus Fab. (Oncognathus) Staten Island VI (Ds). D1CHROOCYTUS Fieb. D. suspectus Reut. (rufipennis Fall.) New Jersey (Uhler). LYGUS Hahn. L. pratensis Linn. (oblinea- tus Say.) Throughout the State all season; always abundant and sometimes injurious on garden crops. L. invitus Say. Madison (Pr) ; Camden VI (Ss) ; Laha- way V, on cranberry bogs; not rare (Sm). L. pabulinus Linn. Warren Fig. 69. Lygus pratensis: adult at left; CO. VIII, 13 (Coll); New nymph at right; enlarged. Jersey (Uhl). L. vitticollis Reut. (Monachus) Chester VII, 20 (Dn) ; Jamesburg VII (Ds); Burlington Co. (Coll). L. campestris Linn. (Orthops pastinaceae.) Palisades (Ds) ; New Jersey (Uhl). L. flavonotatus Prov. Lakehurst VII, 7 (Coll). L. rubicundus Fall. (Hadrodema pulverulenta Uhl.) Newark, Egg Har- bor City (Uhl). TROPIDOSTEPTES Uhl. T. cardinal is Uhl. New Jersey (Uhl). T. saxeus Dist. (Neoborus) New Brunswick VI, 9, on ash (Coll). T. pettiti Uhl. (Neoborus) New Brunswick VI, 9 (Coll). CAMPTOBROCHIS Fieb. C. nebulosus Uhl. Madison (Pr) ; Staten Island IV, VI, VIII (Ds). C. grandis Uhl. Staten Island VI, 8, Jamesburg (Ds) ; New Brunswick VIII, 8, Lahaway V, Lakehurst VII, 7 (Coll). CAPSUS Fab. C. ater Fab. Madison (Pr) ; Staten Island VI (Ds) ; New Jersey (Jn). PCECILOSCYTUS Fieb. P. basal is Reut. Common ererywhere VI-X, and sometimes seriously in- jurious to garden crops. THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 165 P. americanus Reut. (Systratiotus) Chester VII, 9 (Coll); Madison (Pr) ; Staten Island VI, Jamesburg (Ds). P. venaticus Uhl. New Foundland (Ds). PCECILOCAPSUS Reut. P. lineatus Fab. Throughout the State, all season; occasionally trouble- some to small fruits and in gardens; sometimes to field crops. HORCIAS Dist. H. goniphorus Say. Madison (Pr); Hewitt, Newfoundland, Staten Island (Ds); New Jersey (div). This and the two next following have been removed from "Pcecilocapsus." H. affinis Reut. Hewitt (Ds) ; Madison, rare (Pr). H. marginalis Reut. New Jersey (Ss). CACCOBAPHES Uhl. C. sanguinarius Uhl. Staten Island VI, on red maple (Ds). ORECTODERUS Uhl. O. obliquus Uhl. United States generally (Uhl). XENETUS Dist. X. scutellatus Uhl. Newfoundland (Ds) ; Madison, rare (Pr). PARAXENETUS Reut. P. guttulatus Uhl. (Eucerocoris) Madison (Pr); Riverton VIII, 17 (Van D); Lakehurst (Ds). MONALOCORIS Dahlb. M. filicis Linn. Madison (Pr) ; Staten Island VI, 9 (Ds) ; Jamesburg VII, 15 (Coll); Woodbine VIII, 21 (Van D). PYCNODERES Guer. P. dilatatus Reut! (Eccritotarsus) Throughout the eastern States. SIXEONOTUS Reut. S. insignis Reut. (Eccritotarsus) Jamesburg VII, 15 (Coll). The following manuscript names of the previous edition are omitted: Lopidea fuscicornis Uhl., Paracalocoris instabilis Uhl., Apocremnus ro- bustus Uhl., Macrotylus blatchleyi Uhl. and Phylus modestus Uhl. There seems to be some question as to the identity of Bryocoris pteridis Fall., and that name is also omitted as not representing a New Jersey species. 1 66 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. Super-family NOTONECTOIDEA. Family ACANTHIID/E. Replaces the term Saldidse of the previous edition. They are small or medium size, usually blackish, and inhabit muddy banks or marshes, over or on which they fly or run rapidly. They are rather soft in texture, have a small head and prominent eyes, and some of them dig into the banks on which they are found. They are more or less predatory, feeding on living or dead insects, and none are of economic importance. ACANTHIA Fab. (Salda Auct.) A. signorettii Guer. Cape May VI, 22 (Jn), VIII, 19 (Van D). A. ligata Say. Canada to North Carolina. A. confluenta Say. Westfield VII, 3 (Bno). A. interstitialis Say. Westfield VI, 11, VII, 16 (Bno). A. reperta Uhl. Ft. Lee Dist, V, 28, Staten Island VII, 9 (Bno). A. deplanata Uhl. Glen Ridge VI, 23 (Bno); Westville V, 2-VI, 22 (div). A. anthracina Uhl. N. Y. and Pa., and certain to occur in New Jersey. A. sphacelata Uhl. Atlantic City VIII, 20, Cape May VIII, 19 (Van D). A. coriacea Uhl. Atco VI, 18 (Jn) ; Anglesea V, 28 (Coll). A. orbiculata Uhl. On all sides of and probably in New Jersey. A. humilis Say. Madison (Pr) ; Ft. Lee Dist. V, 28, Westfield VI, VII, Bloomfield VI, Staten Island VII, 9 (Bno). A. pallipes Fab. Madison (Pr) ; Glen Ridge VI, 2, Westfield VI, VII, 9 (Bno). A. xanthochila Fieb. Anglesea VIII, 23 (Van D). A. separata Uhl. Pennsylvania and probably also New Jersey. A. lugubris Say. In the adjacent States and probably also New Jersey. A. saltatoria Linn. New York and probably New Jersey. A. vagator Uhl. Anglesea (Ss); Cape May VIII, 19 (Van D). Family OCHTERID^. Included under the "Galgulidse" now "Nerthridas" of previous list, and resemble them in general appearance and habits. OCHTERUS Latr. (PELOGONUS Latr.) O. americanus Uhl. Westfield VII, 4 (Bno); Staten Island V, Lakehurst IX (Ds); Lahaway, on cranberry bogs V (Sm). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 167 Family NERTHRID^E. The Galgulidae of the previous edition. They are broad, squat, with prominent eyes, often called "toad-bugs," because of a fancied resemblance to that animal. They are predatory, live in marshes and along the muddy banks of streams and, while not rare, are of no economic importance. GELASTOCORIS Kirk. (CALCULUS Auct.) G. oculatus Fab. Recorded from all parts of New Jersey, but all ex- amined specimens are of an undescribed form (Bno). . G. n. sp. Bno. Staten Island VII (Ds) ; Lakehurst IX, 15 (Eng) ; Tren- ton VIII, 12, Anglesea V, 30 (Coll), and probably also the Caldwell, Riverton and Westville records of last edition. Family NAUCORID.E. Resemble the Nerthridae in outline, but without the projecting eyes. They are predatory, the fore-legs are developed for grasping, and they live in water, crawling about among the plants. We have only a single species. PELOCORIS Stal. P. femoratus Pal. Beauv. Cranford VIII, 27 (Bno) ; Staten Island III, V, VIII, X, Jamesburg IX (Ds) ; Trenton VI, X, Delair IX, 1 (Coll); Riverton V, VIII (Jn) ; Camden IV, 17 (Ss). Family BELOSTOMATID^. This family contains the "giant water bugs," oval, flattened creatures, with keel-like bodies beneath, short powerful beak, large fore-legs fitted for grasping, and long broad hind-legs fitted for swimming. At the anal extremity is a pair of short protrusible, strap-like appendages used for respiration. They are predatory, feeding on all sorts of aquatic insects, tadpoles, and even fish, some of the species becoming two inches or more in length. At the mating season they fly from pond to pond at night, and at this time they are often attracted to electric lights in great numbers. This has given them the common name "electric light bugs," and their uncouth shape and sprawly motions make them objects of terror. As a matter of fact, they are quite harmless when carefully handled; but they are very strong, and in their struggles to get away will make use of their powerful legs. When they get a good chance they use their beak as well, and their puncture is extremely painful for a short time. It does not, however, produce any swelling or other ill effect. 1 68 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. BENACUS Stal. B. griseus Say. Throughout the State in ponds and at electric lights; the largest of our species. LETHOCERUS Mayr. (BELOSTOMA.) L. americanus Leidy. Throughout the State at light, VII, VIII, in ponds all season; sometimes common and hardly smaller than the preceding. L. obscurus Duf. With the preceding and usually confused with it, but less com- mon. L. uhleri Mont. Ft. Lee Dist. (Bt). BELOSTOMA Latr. (ZAITHA A & S.) B. fluminea Say. Throughout the State V- X. It is the commonest of the medium sized water bugs of this family. B. testaceum Leidy. Delair (Coll). Fig. 70. Giant water bug, B. aurantiacum Leidy. Riverton IX, 5 (Jn). Lcthocems americanus. Family CORIXID^E. These are the water-boatmen which inhabit almost every clean pond, permanent pool or sluggish stream. They are somewhat flattened above, have a broad short head and an exceedingly hot tongue. The species are predatory in habit, closely allied and not well determined in collec- tions. Practically all that can be done under the circumstances is to give a list of those species that are so distributed that their occurrence in New Jersey is a reasonable certainty, adding the localities for such as have been determined with reasonable certainty. ARCTOCORISA Wallen. (CORISA.) A. calva Say. Caldwell (Cr) ; Jamesburg VI, 16 (Coll). A. tarsalis Fieb. "Atlantic States" (Uhl). A. signata Fieb. "Atlantic States" (Uhl). A. lateralis Leach, (hieroglyphica Duf.) "Atlantic States" (Uhl). A. vertical is Fieb. "Atlantic States" (Uhl). A. burmeisteri Fieb. "Atlantic States" (Uhl). A. interrupta Say. "United States" (Uhl). A. erichsonii Leach. "Atlantic States" (Uhl). THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 169 A. stagnalis Leach, (limitata Fieb.) "Atlantic States" (Uhl). A. stigmatica Fieb. "United States" (Uhl). A. alternata Say. "United States" (Uhl). A. harrisii Uhl. Madison (Pr). A. zimmermannii Fieb. "United States" (Uhl). A. kennicottii Uhl. "United States" (Uhl). A. suffusa Uhl. New Jersey (Jn). A. serrulata Uhl. New Jersey (Jn). A. expleta Uhl. Lakewood VIII (Coll). CALLICORIXA White. C. kollarii Fieb. Canada to Florida. Family NOTONECTID^. These are the "back-swimmers," so named because the upper surface is keeled, and they swim back down. They are predatory, and "bite" severely if carelessly handled. Mr. Davis lists five species from Staten Island, and remarks that "they are most common in fall and spring, and pass the winter like so many other water bugs as adults." Mr. Bueno adds that "they can be caught, active, under the ice except in the coldest days of winter." Sub-family NOTONECTIN^. NOTONECTA Linn. N. insulata Kirby. Ft. Lee Dist. V, VIII, Staten Island VIII, IX, Delair (Bno) ; DaCosta VII (Jn). N. irrorata Uhl. Piedmont Plain and northward all season, and probably throughout the State. Fig. 71. A water-boatman, ,--, Notonecta species. N. undulata Say. Throughout the State, our most common species, ranging in color variation from almost black to pure white. N. variabilis Fieb. Piedmont Plain and northward throughout the sea- son. Riverton VII, 12, VIII, 17 (div), and probably throughout the Delaware Valley region. "It is apt to be mistaken for a dwarf white undulata, and is the species appearing in the previous edition as americana." N. raleighi Bno. Delair (Bno). N. uhleri Kirk. Ft. Lee Dist. V, 5, 14 (Bno); Staten Island VIII (div). The rarest of our species if not in the United States. 1 70 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. BUENOA Kirk. (ANISOPS.) B. margaritacea Bno. Staten Island IX-XI (Bno) ; Delair (Coll). This is the species usually in collections as "platycnemis" Fieb. B. elegans Fieb. Ft. Lee Dist. IX, 7-X, 22, Rahway River, Cranford VIII, 27 (Bno). B. platycnemis Fieb. Mount Holly VII, 18 (Coll); the true species (Bno). Sub-family PLEHSTJE. PLEA Leach. P. striola Fab. Cedar Lake (Ss); Trenton IV, 23 (Coll); Westfield VII, VIII, Cranford VIII, 27, Staten Island V, VI, IX (Bno). Order DERMOPTERA. The members of this little order are popularly known as "ear-wigs," from a supposed ITabit of crawling into the ears of persons sleeping out- doors. They are slender, with short wing-covers and resemble "rove- beetles" in shape, except for a forceps-like process at the end of the ab- domen, used in tucking the large, elaborately plaited hind-wings under the wing-covers. The metamorphosis is incomplete, and the females of some species brood over their eggs until they are hatched. Though the species are common and are said to be injurious in some European countries, they are rare in New Jersey and never troublesome in any way. Family FORFICULJD^E. ANISOLABIA Fieb. A. maritima Bon. Along the base of the Palisades north from Ft. Lee (Bt) ; Sandy Hook VII (Sm); g. d. along the seashore of Staten Island under stones and driftwood V, VI, IX, X (Ds). An in- troduced species. LABIA Leach. L. minor Linn. Caldwell (Cr) ; Staten Island V, VIII (Ds) ; New Brunswick VII, Englishtown X, 12, Lahaway IX (Sm). Another introduced spe- cies, flies commonly to light at times and may also be taken sweeping. SPONGIPHORA Serv. S. brunneipennis Serv. Has been recorded from New Jersey (Bt). APTERYGIDA Westw. A. aculeata Scudd. Snake Hill IV, V (Bt). FORFICULA Linn. F. auricularia Linn. The common European "ear-wig," which is occa- sionally found in green-houses on imported plants. Has never as yet been taken outdoors. Farficula i